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International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2021A Gram-stain-positive and motile bacterial strain, designated IB182363, was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. Cells grew at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH...
A Gram-stain-positive and motile bacterial strain, designated IB182363, was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. Cells grew at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and with 1-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-4 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain IB182363 was affiliated to the genus and the closest phylogenetically related species was DSM18677 with 96.9 % sequence similarity. The values of whole genome average nucleotide identity analysis and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the isolate and the closely related type strains were less than 86.3 and 25.6 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis revealed that strain IB182363 possessed -diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan and contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C, C and iso-C. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified glycolipid, two unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified aminophospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.5 mol%. On the basis of the above results, strain IB182363 represents a novel species of the genus , for which we propose the name sp. nov. with the type strain IB182363 (=MCCC 1K04630=JCM 34214).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Paenibacillus; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seawater; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34559622
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005024 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Dec 2022Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 was isolated from a lignite mine waste site in the Barmer basin, Rajasthan, India. The strain is efficient in heterotrophic nitrification...
Simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification potential of Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 isolated from lignite mine waste and its role ammonia removal from mine waste water.
Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 was isolated from a lignite mine waste site in the Barmer basin, Rajasthan, India. The strain is efficient in heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. This bacterium could remove approximately more than 95% of NH, NO, and NO in 24 h. The average nitrogen (N) removal rate of the strain was found to be 4.775 mg/L/H, 5.66 mg/L/H, and 5.01 mg/L/H for NH, NO, and NO, respectively. Bioaugmentation of mine wastewater with Paenibacillus sp. strain GLM-08 demonstrated N removal of 86.6% under conditions of a high load of NH. The presence of potential genetic determinants (nxrB, nirS, and nosZ) having role in heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification was confirmed by PCR based analysis. The findings show that this bacterium performs simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and has a high nitrogen removal efficiency indicating the potential application of the strain in the treatment of wastewater.
Topics: Nitrification; Wastewater; Denitrification; Ammonia; Paenibacillus; Coal; Nitrogen Dioxide; Aerobiosis; India; Heterotrophic Processes; Nitrogen; Nitrites
PubMed: 36579880
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.401 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2022Paenibacilli are gram-variable, endospore-forming bacteria that occupy various ecologic niches. These microorganisms have been known to infect humans occasionally at... (Review)
Review
Paenibacilli are gram-variable, endospore-forming bacteria that occupy various ecologic niches. These microorganisms have been known to infect humans occasionally at various anatomic sites. However, in humans, as well as in other vertebrate animals, the relationship between disease and isolation of spp. remains poorly understood. We report here a case of infection in an adult Poodle dog. The animal had nodules in the lungs and multifocal osteolytic expansile bone lesions. From bone, was recovered by culture and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and 16S rDNA sequencing; pyogranulomatous inflammation was observed in lung and bone specimens. The microorganism was resistant to clindamycin and imipenem. Four-month treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate resulted in clinical resolution of disease in this dog. Nevertheless, therapy for more prolonged periods should be considered because recurrent infections can occur as a result of the transition of spores to vegetative cells. Disease caused by a species has not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Osteomyelitis; Paenibacillus; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35673775
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221100996 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022To discover novel microbial pesticide for controlling rice bacterial disease, polymyxin B and E were firstly isolated from the supernatant of fermentation broth of by...
To discover novel microbial pesticide for controlling rice bacterial disease, polymyxin B and E were firstly isolated from the supernatant of fermentation broth of by bioactivity tracking separation. It is shown that polymyxin B and E had remarkable inhibitory activities to pv. () and pv. () with the EC values of 0.19 μg/ml and 0.21 μg/ml against , and 0.32 μg/ml and 0.41 μg/ml against , respectively, which were better than those of Zhongshengmycin (0.31 μg/ml and 0.73 μg/ml) and Bismerthiazol (77.48 μg/ml and 85.30 μg/ml). Polymyxins B and E had good protection and curative activities against rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) . The protection and curative activities of polymyxins B (45.8 and 35.8%, respectively) and E (41.2 and 37.0%, respectively) to BLB were superior to those of Zhongshengmycin (34.8 and 29.8%, respectively) and Bismerthiazol (38.0 and 33.5%, respectively). Meanwhile, the protection and curative activities of polymyxins B (44.8 and 39.8%, respectively) and E (42.9 and 39.9%, respectively) to BLS were also superior to those of Zhongshengmycin (39.7 and 32.0%, respectively) and Bismerthiazol (41.5 and 34.3%, respectively). Polymyxin B exerted the anti-pesticide properties destroying the cell integrity of , reducing its infectivity and enhancing rice resistance against pathogens through activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway of rice. It is indicated that polymyxin B and E were potential microbial pesticides for controlling rice bacterial disease.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Oryza; Paenibacillus polymyxa; Plant Diseases; Polymyxins; Xanthomonas
PubMed: 35419296
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.866357 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Mar 2022Electroactive micro-organisms play a significant role in microbial fuel cells. It is necessary to discover potential resources in plant endophytes. In this study, plant...
AIMS
Electroactive micro-organisms play a significant role in microbial fuel cells. It is necessary to discover potential resources in plant endophytes. In this study, plant tissues were selected to isolate endophytic bacteria, and the electrochemical activity potential was evaluated.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is used to evaluate the electricity-producing activity of endophytic bacteria in plant tissues, and the species distribution of micro-organisms in the anode of the MFC after inoculation of plant tissues is determined by high-throughput sequencing. Twenty-six strains of bacteria were isolated from plant tissues belonging to Angelica and Sweet Potato, of which 17 strains from six genera had electrochemical activity, including Bacillus sp., Pleomorphomonas sp., Rahnella sp., Shinella sp., Paenibacillus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Moreover, the electricity-producing micro-organisms in the plant tissue are enriched. Pseudomonas and Clostridioides are the dominant genera of MFC anode inoculated with angelica tissue. Staphylococcus and Lachnoclostridium are the dominant genera in MFC anode inoculated with sweet potato tissue. And the most representative Gram-positive strain Staphylococcus succinus subsp. succinus H6 and plant tissue were further analysed for electrochemical activity. And a strain numbered H6 and plant tissue had a good electrogenerating activity.
CONCLUSION
This study is of great significance for expanding the resource pool of electricity-producing micro-organisms and tapping the potential of plant endophytes for electricity-producing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY
This is the first study to apply plant endophytes to MFC to explore the characteristics of electricity production. It is of great significance for exploring the diversity of plant endophytes and the relationship between electricity producing bacteria and plants.
Topics: Bacillus; Endophytes; Paenibacillus; Plant Roots
PubMed: 34796592
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15368 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 2022Biodesulfurization of fossil fuels is a promising technology for deep desulfurization. Previously, we have shown that Paenibacillus strains 32O-W and 32O-Y can...
AIMS
Biodesulfurization of fossil fuels is a promising technology for deep desulfurization. Previously, we have shown that Paenibacillus strains 32O-W and 32O-Y can desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) and DBT sulfone (DBTS) effectively. In this work, improvements in DBT and DBTS desulfurization by these strains were investigated through immobilization and nanoparticle coating of cells.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Paenibacillus strains 32O-W and 32O-Y immobilized in alginate gel beads or coated with Fe O magnetite nanoparticles were grown at various concentrations (0.1-2 mmol l ) of DBT or DBTS for 96 h. The production of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) from the 4S pathway biotransformation of DBT or DBTS was measured. The highest amounts of 2-HBP production occurred at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mmol l . Compared to planktonic cultures maximum 2-HBP production increased by 54% for DBT and 90% for DBTS desulfurization with immobilized strains, and 44% for DBT and 66% for DBTS desulfurization by nanoparticle-coated strains.
CONCLUSIONS
Nanoparticle-coated and immobilized cells may be of use in efforts to increase the efficiency of biodesulfurization.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Alginate immobilization or nanoparticle coating of bacterial cells may be useful approaches for the enhancement of biodesulfurization for eventual use on an industrial scale.
Topics: Alginates; Nanoparticles; Paenibacillus; Thiophenes
PubMed: 35611623
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15637 -
Genes Oct 2022Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely used to improve soil nutrients and promote plant growth and health. However, the growth-promoting effect of a...
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely used to improve soil nutrients and promote plant growth and health. However, the growth-promoting effect of a single PGPR on plants is limited. Here, we evaluated the effect of applying rhizobium 5038 (R5038) and two PGPR strains, MB35-5 (BA) and 3016 (PM), alone or in different combinations on the soil properties and rhizosphere bacterial community composition of soybean (). Additionally, metagenomic sequencing was performed to elucidate the profile of functional genes. Inoculation with compound microbial inoculant containing R5038 and BA (RB) significantly improved nodule nitrogenase activity and increased soil nitrogen content, and urease activity increased the abundance of the nitrogen cycle genes and and in the rhizosphere. In the treatment of inoculant-containing R5038 and PM (RP), significant changes were found for the abundance of and and the phosphorus cycle genes, and soil available phosphorus and phosphatase activity were increased. The RBP inoculants composed of three strains (R5038, BA and PM) significantly affected soybean biomass and the N and P contents of the rhizosphere. Compared with RB and RP, RBP consistently increased soybean nitrogen content, and dry weight. Overall, these results showed that several PGPR with different functions could be combined into composite bacterial inoculants, which coordinately modulate the rhizosphere microbial community structure and improve soybean growth.
Topics: Bradyrhizobium; Glycine max; Plant Roots; Bacillus; Soil; Paenibacillus; Phosphorus; Nitrogen
PubMed: 36360159
DOI: 10.3390/genes13111922 -
MSphere Jan 2020is a spore-forming bacterial genus that is frequently isolated from fluid milk and is proposed to play a role in spoilage. To characterize the genetic and phenotypic...
Paenibacillus odorifer, the Predominant Species Isolated from Milk in the United States, Demonstrates Genetic and Phenotypic Conservation of Psychrotolerance but Clade-Associated Differences in Nitrogen Metabolic Pathways.
is a spore-forming bacterial genus that is frequently isolated from fluid milk and is proposed to play a role in spoilage. To characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of spp., we first used allelic typing data for a preexisting collection of 1,228 species isolates collected from raw and processed milk, milk products, and dairy environmental sources. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and average nucleotide identity by BLAST (ANIb) analyses performed for a subset of 58 isolates representing unique and overrepresented allelic types in the collection revealed that these isolates represent 21 different spp., with being the predominant species. Further genomic characterization of isolates identified two distinct phylogenetic clades, clades A and B, which showed significant overrepresentation of 172 and 164 ortholog clusters and 94 and 52 gene ontology (GO) terms, respectively. While nitrogen fixation genes were found in both clades, multiple genes associated with nitrate and nitrite reduction were overrepresented in clade A isolates; additional phenotypic testing demonstrated that nitrate reduction is specific to isolates in clade A. Hidden Markov models detected 9 to 10 different classes of cold shock-associated genetic elements in all isolates. Phenotypic testing revealed that all isolates tested here can grow in skim milk broth at 6°C, suggesting that psychrotolerance is conserved in Overall, our data suggest that spp. isolated from milk in the United States represent broad genetic diversity, which may provide challenges for targeted-control strategies aimed at reducing fluid milk spoilage. Although species isolates are frequently isolated from pasteurized fluid milk, the link between the genetic diversity and phenotypic characteristics of these isolates was not well understood, especially as some isolated from milk are unable to grow at refrigeration temperatures. Our data demonstrate that spp. isolated from fluid milk represent tremendous interspecies diversity, with being the predominant sp. isolated. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic data support that is well suited to transition from a soil-dwelling environment, where nitrogen fixation (and other nitrate/nitrite reduction pathways present only in clade A) may facilitate growth, to fluid milk, where its multiple cold shock-associated adaptations enable it to grow at refrigeration temperatures throughout the storage of milk. Therefore, efforts to reduce bacterial contamination of milk will require a systematic approach to reduce contamination of raw milk.
Topics: Animals; Cold-Shock Response; Colony Count, Microbial; Genetic Variation; Markov Chains; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Milk; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; Paenibacillus; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Spores, Bacterial; United States; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31969477
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00739-19 -
Trends in Microbiology May 2023Paenibacillus larvae is a spore-forming bacterial entomopathogen and causal agent of the important honey bee larval disease, American foulbrood (AFB). Active infections... (Review)
Review
Paenibacillus larvae is a spore-forming bacterial entomopathogen and causal agent of the important honey bee larval disease, American foulbrood (AFB). Active infections by vegetative P. larvae are often deadly, highly transmissible, and incurable for colonies but, when dormant, the spore form of this pathogen can persist asymptomatically for years. Despite intensive investigation over the past century, this process has remained enigmatic. Here, we provide an up-to-date synthesis on the often overlooked microbiota factors involved in the spore-to-vegetative growth transition (corresponding with the onset of AFB disease symptoms) and offer a novel outlook on AFB pathogenesis by focusing on the 'collaborative' and 'competitive' interactions between P. larvae and other honey bee-adapted microorganisms. Furthermore, we discuss the health trade-offs associated with chronic antibiotic exposure and propose new avenues for the sustainable control of AFB via probiotic and microbiota management strategies.
Topics: Bees; Animals; United States; Paenibacillus larvae; Larva; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 36526535
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.012 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose in hardwood and graminaceous plants. It is a heteropolysaccharide comprising different moieties appended to the xylose units....
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose in hardwood and graminaceous plants. It is a heteropolysaccharide comprising different moieties appended to the xylose units. Complete degradation of xylan requires an arsenal of xylanolytic enzymes that can remove the substitutions and mediate internal hydrolysis of the xylan backbone. Here, we describe the xylan degradation potential and underlying enzyme machinery of the strain, sp. LS1. The strain LS1 was able to utilize both beechwood and corncob xylan as the sole source of carbon, with the former being the preferred substrate. Genome analysis revealed an extensive xylan-active CAZyme repertoire capable of mediating efficient degradation of the complex polymer. In addition to this, a putative xylooligosaccharide ABC transporter and homologues of the enzymes involved in the xylose isomerase pathway were identified. Further, we have validated the expression of selected xylan-active CAZymes, transporters, and metabolic enzymes during growth of the LS1 on xylan substrates using qRT-PCR. The genome comparison and genomic index (average nucleotide identity [ANI] and digital DNA-DNA hybridization) values revealed that strain LS1 is a novel species of the genus . Lastly, comparative genome analysis of 238 genomes revealed the prevalence of xylan-active CAZymes over cellulose across the genus. Taken together, our results indicate that sp. LS1 is an efficient degrader of xylan polymers, with potential implications in the production of biofuels and other beneficial by-products from lignocellulosic biomass. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic (plant) biomass that requires cooperative deconstruction by an arsenal of different xylanolytic enzymes to produce xylose and xylooligosaccharides. Microbial (particularly, bacterial) candidates that encode such enzymes are an asset to the biorefineries to mediate efficient and eco-friendly deconstruction of xylan to generate products of value. Although xylan degradation by a few spp. is reported, a complete genus-wide understanding of the said trait is unavailable till date. Through comparative genome analysis, we showed the prevalence of xylan-active CAZymes across spp., therefore making them an attractive option towards efficient xylan degradation. Additionally, we deciphered the xylan degradation potential of the strain sp. LS1 through genome analysis, expression profiling, and biochemical studies. The ability of sp. LS1 to degrade different xylan types obtained from different plant species, emphasizes its potential implication in lignocellulosic biorefineries.
Topics: Cellulose; Xylans; Paenibacillus; Xylose; DNA
PubMed: 37071006
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05028-22