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Biological Research For Nursing Jan 2023This study aimed to determine the effect of palmar grasp reflex stimulation during a neonatal bath on the physiological parameters and crying time of the newborn. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the effect of palmar grasp reflex stimulation during a neonatal bath on the physiological parameters and crying time of the newborn.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This study was designed as a parallel randomized clinical trial. Parents fully understood the study procedure at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Turkey ( = 82). Both written and verbal consent was obtained from the parents. Newborns who were ineligible for tub bathing were excluded from the study. The babies in the control group were given baths according to the tub bathing standards. Babies in the experimental group were given palmar grasp reflex stimulation during the baths. The variables examined included body temperature, respiratory rate, pulse, oxygen saturation levels, and crying time. In all analyses, 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The heart rate of the experimental group was 5.2 beats per minute slower than the control group (χ2 = 12.272; 0.001). The respiratory rate of the experimental group was 1.3 lower per minute compared to the control group (χ2 = 43.219; 0.001). In addition, the oxygen saturation level (%) of the experimental group was 0.4 higher than the control group (χ2 = 5.793; 0.016). Crying time was higher in the control group during bathing ( 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the palmar grasp reflex in newborn bathing helps to maintain the stability of physiological parameters and shortens the crying time of babies. Palmar grasp reflex stimulation is recommended in interventions that may cause stress.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Crying; Baths; Body Temperature; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Reflex
PubMed: 35968725
DOI: 10.1177/10998004221113765 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Nov 2022Here , we aimed to assess the frequency and phenomenology of autonomic and neuropathic complaints of long-COVID and to evaluate them by means of electrophysiology.
PURPOSE
Here , we aimed to assess the frequency and phenomenology of autonomic and neuropathic complaints of long-COVID and to evaluate them by means of electrophysiology.
METHODS
Step 1. Patients with prior COVID-19 infection were screened by COMPASS-31 and mTORONTO to create the target population for further evaluation. Step 2. Patients with high scores were invited for a detailed history of their complaints and electrophysiological analysis, which included nerve conduction studies, cutaneous silent period (CSP), and sympathetic skin response (SSR). We also constituted a control group composed of healthy subjects of similar age and sex for electrophysiological analysis.
RESULTS
There were 106 patients, who matched the study criteria. Among them, thirty-eight patients (%35.8) had neuropathic or autonomic complaints or both. Fatigue and headache were significantly more frequent in patients with autonomic and neuropathic complaints. Detailed examination and electrophysiological evaluation were performed in 14 of 38 patients. Neuropathic complaints were patchy and proximally located in the majority. The entire CSP suppression index was higher in the patients (p = 0.002). There was no difference in palmar and plantar SSR between patients and healthy subjects. mTORONTO scores were negatively correlated with palmar and plantar SSR amplitudes, and the correlation was moderate.
CONCLUSION
Neuropathic or autonomic complaints were seen in more than one-third of patients with long-COVID. Neuropathic complaints were generally patchy, proximally predominant, asymmetric, or diffuse. The CSP suppression index was abnormal whereas SSRs were normal.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Autonomic Nervous System; Galvanic Skin Response; Diabetic Neuropathies; Skin; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
PubMed: 35994135
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06350-y -
Archivos de La Sociedad Espanola de... Jun 2021Our visual system has evolved to provide us with an image of the scene that surrounds us, informing us of its texture, colour, movement, and depth with an enormous... (Review)
Review
Our visual system has evolved to provide us with an image of the scene that surrounds us, informing us of its texture, colour, movement, and depth with an enormous spatial and temporal resolution, and for this purpose, the image formation (IF) dedicates the vast majority of our retinal ganglion cell (RGC) population and much of our cerebral cortex. On the other hand, a minuscule proportion of RGCs, in addition to receiving information from classic cone and rod photoreceptors, express melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGC). These ipRGC are dedicated to non-image-forming (NIF) visual functions, of which we are unaware, but which are essential for aspects related to our daily physiology, such as the timing of our circadian rhythms and our pupillary light reflex, among many others. Before the discovery of ipRGCs, it was thought that the IF and NIF functions were distinct compartments regulated by different RGCs, but this concept has evolved in recent years with the discovery of new types of ipRGCs that innervate subcortical IF regions, and therefore have IF visual functions. Six different types of ipRGCs are currently known. These are termed M1-M6, and differ in their morphological, functional, molecular properties, central projections, and visual behaviour responsibilities. A review is presented on the melanopsin visual system, the most active field of research in vision, for which knowledge has grown exponentially during the last two decades, when RGCs giving rise to this pathway were first discovered.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 34092284
DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2020.06.020 -
Psychophysiology Nov 2020Advances in mobile and wireless technology have expanded the scope of electrodermal research. Since traditional electrodermal measurement sites are not always suitable... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Advances in mobile and wireless technology have expanded the scope of electrodermal research. Since traditional electrodermal measurement sites are not always suitable for laboratory research and are rarely appropriate for ambulatory measurements, there is a need to explore and contrast alternate measurement locations. We evaluated bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) from five measurement sites (fingers, feet, wrists, shoulders, and calves). In a counterbalanced, randomized, within-subjects design study, participants (N = 115) engaged in a 4-min-long breathing exercise and were exposed to emotionally laden and neutral stimuli. High within-subject correlations were found between the EDA measured from fingers bilaterally (r = .89), between the left fingers and both feet (r = .72). Moderate correlations were found between EDA measured from the left fingers and wrists (r = .30 and r = .33), low correlations between the left fingers and the shoulders (r = -.03 and r = -.06) or calves (r = .05 and r = .14). Response latency was the shortest on the fingers while it was the longest on the lower body. Short response windows would miss some of the responses from the palmar surfaces and a substantial number from other evaluated locations. The fingers and the feet are the most reliable locations to measure from, followed by the wrists. We suggest setting site-specific response windows for different measurement locations. An investigation of repeatability showed that within-subject correlations, response frequencies, response amplitudes show a similar pattern from the first measurement time to a later one.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Emotions; Female; Fingers; Foot; Galvanic Skin Response; Humans; Leg; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Random Allocation; Shoulder; Wrist; Young Adult
PubMed: 32931044
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13645 -
Journal of Burn Care & Research :... Jul 2023Children are at risk for sustaining hand burns due to their innate curiosity, slow withdrawal reflexes, and thin palmar epidermis. We sought to summarize our recent...
Children are at risk for sustaining hand burns due to their innate curiosity, slow withdrawal reflexes, and thin palmar epidermis. We sought to summarize our recent experience managing pediatric hand burns, focusing on injuries that required surgical management. This was a retrospective review of children with burn-injured hands managed at a quaternary referral children's hospital between 2016 and 2020. Demographics and mechanisms of injury were collected for all patients. Initial management of all wounds included pain control, deflation of blisters, and mechanical debridement. Wounds were then dressed, and a plaster-backed soft cast was applied for positioning if the swelling was controlled. Wounds were reassessed in 4-7 days, at which time a nonadherent dressing with antifungal ointment or a bismuth dressing was applied to partial-thickness wounds, vs an active silver dressing for deep partial-thickness burns. For patients who underwent split-thickness or full-thickness skin grafting, additional wound care, operative, and short-term outcomes data were collected. A total of 3715 children were seen for burn injuries during the study period, of which 2100 (56.5%) were seen for hand burns. In total, 123 (5.8%) required a skin graft an average of 11.7 days from the date of their burn injury. Surgical complications were minimal with 5 (4.1%) incomplete graft takes, though none required reoperation, and 1 (0.8%) experiencing a postoperative wound infection. Pediatric hand burns are common. A multidisciplinary treatment approach, including standardized wound care and adept therapeutic interventions, will lead to spontaneous healing in approximately 95% of patients.
Topics: Child; Humans; Burns; Wound Healing; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Hand Injuries
PubMed: 36394415
DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac174 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Jun 2023Stimulation of the dorsoradial ligament (DRL) of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1) has shown a ligamento-muscular reflex pathway between the DRL and CMC-1...
PURPOSE
Stimulation of the dorsoradial ligament (DRL) of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1) has shown a ligamento-muscular reflex pathway between the DRL and CMC-1 stabilizing muscles in healthy volunteers. However, it remains unclear how this ligamento-muscular reflex pattern is altered after anesthetizing sensory skin receptors and administering a further periarticular block around the CMC-1 joint, which may influence the dynamic aspects of joint stability.
METHODS
Ligamento-muscular reflexes were obtained from the extensor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis, and the first dorsal interosseous muscles in 10 healthy participants after establishing superficial anesthesia of the skin around the CMC-1. The DRL was stimulated with a fine wire electrode while EMG activities were recorded during isometric tip, key, and palmar pinch. The measurements were repeated after an additional periarticular CMC-1 block using 5 ml of 1% lidocaine. Average EMG values were analyzed to compare the prestimulus and poststimulus activity.
RESULTS
Statistically significant changes in poststimulus EMG activity were observed in all 4 muscles and all 3 tested thumb positions. A markedly reduced activity in all 4 muscles was observed in the palmar position, followed by the tip and key pinch positions. Almost no reactions were observed in the first 20 ms poststimulus for all muscles in all positions.
CONCLUSIONS
Superficial skin anesthesia and an additional periarticular CMC-1 block anesthesia resulted in a reduced ligamento-muscular reflex pattern in all 4 muscles.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Ligamento-muscular reflexes play an important role in dynamic CMC-1 joint stability. The elimination of early reactions, those considered joint-protective reflexes, is a potential risk factor for developing osteoarthritis or injury because it results in an inability to adequately protect and stabilize the joint in sudden movements.
Topics: Humans; Thumb; Muscle, Skeletal; Hand; Reflex; Carpometacarpal Joints
PubMed: 35241318
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.01.005 -
Heart Rhythm Aug 2020Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) is an effective therapy for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in cardiomyopathies (CMPs). After BCSD, residual autonomic...
BACKGROUND
Bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) is an effective therapy for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in cardiomyopathies (CMPs). After BCSD, residual autonomic nervous system (ANS) function is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess ANS responses in patients with CMP before and after BCSD as compared with demographically matched healthy controls.
METHODS
Patients with CMP undergoing BCSD and matched healthy controls were recruited. Noninvasive measures-finger cuff beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), electrocardiography, palmar electrodermal activity (EDA), and finger pulse volume (FPV)-were obtained at rest and during autonomic stressors-posture change, handgrip, and mental stress. Maximal as well as specific responses to stressors were compared.
RESULTS
Eighteen patients with CMP (mean age 54 ± 14 years; 16 men, 89%; left ventricular ejection fraction 36% ± 14%) with refractory VAs and 8 matched healthy controls were studied; 9 patients with CMP underwent testing before and after (median 28 days) BCSD, with comparable ongoing medication. Before BCSD, patients with CMP (n = 13) had lower resting systolic BP and FPV than did healthy controls (P < .01). Maximal FPV and systolic BP reflex responses, expressed as percent change were similar, while diastolic BP, mean BP, and EDA responses were blunted. After BCSD, resting measurements were unchanged relative to presurgical baseline (n = 9). EDA responses to stressors were abolished, confirming BCSD, while maximal FPV and BP responses were preserved. Diastolic BP, mean BP, and FPV responses to orthostatic challenge pointed toward a better tolerance of active standing after BCSD as compared with before. Responses to other stressors remained unchanged.
CONCLUSION
Patients with CMP and refractory VAs on optimal medical therapy have detectable but blunted adrenergic responses, which are not disrupted by BCSD.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Reflex; Retrospective Studies; Sympathectomy; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32325196
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.04.022 -
Frontiers in Neural Circuits 2021Primitive reflexes are evident shortly after birth. Many of these reflexes disappear during postnatal development as part of the maturation of motor control. This study...
Primitive reflexes are evident shortly after birth. Many of these reflexes disappear during postnatal development as part of the maturation of motor control. This study investigates the changes of connectivity related to sensory integration by spinal dI3 interneurons during the time in which the palmar grasp reflex gradually disappears in postnatal mice pups. Our results reveal an increase in GAD65/67-labeled terminals to perisomatic Vglut1-labeled sensory inputs contacting cervical and lumbar dI3 interneurons between postnatal day 3 and day 25. In contrast, there were no changes in the number of perisomatic Vglut1-labeled sensory inputs to lumbar and cervical dI3 interneurons other than a decrease between postnatal day 15 and day 25. Changes in postsynaptic GAD65/67-labeled inputs to dI3 interneurons were inconsistent with a role in the sustained loss of the grasp reflex. These results suggest a possible link between the maturation of hand grasp during postnatal development and increased presynaptic inhibition of sensory inputs to dI3 interneurons.
Topics: Animals; Hand Strength; Interneurons; Mice; Reflex; Sensation; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 35153680
DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.768235 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023The aim of the pilot project was to research relationships between the occurrence and level of intensity of primitive reflexes in primary school children, the ability to...
The aim of the pilot project was to research relationships between the occurrence and level of intensity of primitive reflexes in primary school children, the ability to read an analogue clock and to tell the time. A group of 28 children (14 girls and 14 boys) who attended Montessori Primary School was examined. In the first stage, participants were assessed for the presence of five primitive reflexes (PR): the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR), spinal Galant reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) and Palmar grasp reflex. Romberg's test was employed to identify signs of difficulties with control of balance and/or proprioception. In the second stage, pupils underwent tests that challenged their ability to read a clock and calculate passing time. After summing up points obtained for all tests, a correlation coefficient was made from which the results were derived. There is a negative correlation between the ability to read an analogue clock and the continued presence of some primitive reflexes. Lower neuromotor maturity (higher points of PR) correlates with lower ability to read a clock. The highest correlations between difficulty with telling the time were found with persistence of the STNR, ATNR and Romberg's test.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Pilot Projects; Reflex, Abnormal; Reflex; Dyslexia
PubMed: 36767689
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032322