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Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2019Pseudopheochromocytoma manifests as severe, symptomatic paroxysmal hypertension without significant elevation in catecholamine and metanephrine levels and lack of... (Review)
Review
Pseudopheochromocytoma manifests as severe, symptomatic paroxysmal hypertension without significant elevation in catecholamine and metanephrine levels and lack of evidence of tumor in the adrenal gland. The clinical manifestations are similar but not identical to those in excess circulating catecholamines. The underlying symptomatic mechanism includes augmented cardiovascular responsiveness to catecholamines alongside heightened sympathetic nervous stimulation. The psychological characteristics are probably attributed to the component of repressed emotions related to a past traumatic episode or repressive coping style. Successful management can be achieved by strong collaboration between a hypertension specialist and a psychiatrist or psychologist with expertise in cognitive-behavioral panic management.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Humans; Hypertension; Panic Disorder; Pheochromocytoma; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 31655774
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2019.08.004 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021
Topics: Consumer Behavior; Humans; Panic
PubMed: 34095081
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.694734 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Dec 2023The fear of being buried alive or taphophobia remains a significant concern for a number of individuals. In previous centuries however, reports of live burials were...
The fear of being buried alive or taphophobia remains a significant concern for a number of individuals. In previous centuries however, reports of live burials were frequently promulgated in the media fostering an industry focused around the manufacturing and selling of security coffins which either facilitated egress or enabled the recently buried to alert those on the surface to their plight. Holding mortuaries with resuscitation facilities were also established mainly in Continental Europe to permit close observation of the recently deceased until definitive signs of putrefaction had developed. Underpinning much of this panic was the inability of medical practitioners to definitely diagnose death. Although still a rare possibility, mainly in situations where qualified medical personnel are not available, the likelihood of alive burial is nowadays fortunately rare.
Topics: Humans; Fear; Burial; Panic; Records
PubMed: 37195590
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00644-z -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters Apr 2023Both panic disorder (PD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are frequent conditions that can be comorbid. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Both panic disorder (PD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are frequent conditions that can be comorbid. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the comorbidity of PD and OSA and the effectiveness of therapy in patients with this comorbidity.
METHOD
Articles obtained via PubMed and Web of Science search were selected; the publishing date was between January 1990 and December 2022. The applied search terms were: obstructive sleep apnea; panic disorder; CPAP; antidepressants; anxiolytics; antipsychotics. Eighty-one articles were chosen by primary search via keywords. After a complete assessment of the full texts, 60 papers were chosen. Secondary papers from the references of the primary documents were investigated, evaluated for suitability, and included in the list of documents (n = 18). Thus, seventy-eight papers were incorporated into the review article.
RESULTS
Studies describe a greater prevalence of panic disorder in OSA patients. So far, there is no data on the prevalence of OSA in PD patients. Limited evidence is found regarding the influence of CPAP treatment on PD, and this evidence suggests that CPAP can partially alleviate PD symptoms. Medication used in PD treatment can significantly impact comorbid OSA, as explored in several studies.
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between the two conditions seems bidirectional, and it is necessary to assess OSA patients for comorbid panic disorder and vice versa. Both disorders can worsen the other and must be treated with a complex approach to ensure improvement in patients' physical health and psychological well-being.
Topics: Humans; Panic Disorder; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Comorbidity; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Anti-Anxiety Agents
PubMed: 37182230
DOI: No ID Found -
Translational Psychiatry Jul 2020The aim of this review is to summarize evidence regarding rat emotional experiences during carbon dioxide (CO) exposure. The studies reviewed show that CO exposure is... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to summarize evidence regarding rat emotional experiences during carbon dioxide (CO) exposure. The studies reviewed show that CO exposure is aversive to rats, and that rats respond to CO exposure with active and passive defense behaviors. Plasma corticosterone and bradycardia increased in rats exposed to CO. As with anxiogenic drugs, responses to CO are counteracted by the administration of anxiolytics, SRIs, and SSRI's. Human studies reviewed indicate that, when inhaling CO, humans experience feelings of anxiety fear and panic, and that administration of benzodiazepines, serotonin precursors, and SSRIs ameliorate these feelings. In vivo and in vitro rat studies reviewed show that brain regions, ion channels, and neurotransmitters involved in negative emotional responses are activated by hypercapnia and acidosis associated with CO exposure. On the basis of the behavioral, physiological, and neurobiological evidence reviewed, we conclude that CO elicits negative emotions in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Brain; Carbon Dioxide; Emotions; Panic; Rats
PubMed: 32709846
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00936-w -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Panic disorder (PD) is unique among anxiety disorders in that the emotional symptoms (e.g., fear and anxiety) associated with panic are strongly linked to body... (Review)
Review
Panic disorder (PD) is unique among anxiety disorders in that the emotional symptoms (e.g., fear and anxiety) associated with panic are strongly linked to body sensations indicative of threats to physiological homeostasis. For example, panic attacks often present with feelings of suffocation that evoke hyperventilation, breathlessness, or air hunger. Due to the somatic underpinnings of PD, a major focus has been placed on interoceptive signaling and it is recognized that dysfunctional body-to-brain communication pathways promote the initiation and maintenance of PD symptomatology. While body-to-brain signaling can occur several pathways, immune and humoral pathways play an important role in communicating bodily physiological state to the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroimmune mediators play a role in fear and panic-associated disorders, although this has not been systematically investigated. Currently, our understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in the etiology and maintenance of PD remains limited. In the current review, we attempt to summarize findings that support a role of immune dysregulation in PD symptomology. We compile evidence from human studies and panic-relevant rodent paradigms that indicate a role of systemic and brain immune signaling in the regulation of fear and panic-relevant behavior and physiology. Specifically, we discuss how immune signaling can contribute to maladaptive body-to-brain communication and conditioned fear that are relevant to spontaneous and conditioned symptoms of PD and identify putative avenues warranting future investigation.
PubMed: 36523875
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015349 -
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) Dec 2021Psychoanalytic approaches, although still extensively used by practitioners, have been marginalized in treatment guidelines partly because of limited efficacy research....
Psychoanalytic approaches, although still extensively used by practitioners, have been marginalized in treatment guidelines partly because of limited efficacy research. In recent years, several manualized psychodynamic approaches have been developed that target specific problems or disorders, which can be referred to generally as problem-focused psychodynamic psychotherapies. These treatments offer modified psychodynamic techniques to address dynamics associated with particular disorders and can be used for systematic outcome studies. For example, one of these, panic-focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of panic disorder. The manuals for these psychotherapies emphasize comprehensibility for training purposes and are more readily transportable to the public health sector. Extensive research will be needed to ascertain which psychotherapies are most effective for various patients and conditions over the short and long term.
Topics: Humans; Panic Disorder; Psychoanalytic Therapy; Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic
PubMed: 33926196
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000887 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2020Panic attack is a separate episode of fear or anxiety with the simultaneous development of typical autonomic and mental symptoms. Attack is a widespread phenomenon that... (Review)
Review
Panic attack is a separate episode of fear or anxiety with the simultaneous development of typical autonomic and mental symptoms. Attack is a widespread phenomenon that makes up the central core of panic disorder and affects about 5% of the population. Up to 71% of patients suffering from attacks report panic episodes not only in wakefulness, but also during sleep. This review focuses on the distinctions of night panic attacks, the particular qualities of sleep disturbances associated with them, and methods of treating these conditions.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Panic; Panic Disorder; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 33459551
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120121118 -
Neuro Endocrinology Letters Oct 2020Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction.
METHOD
Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen.
RESULTS
Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
Topics: Agoraphobia; Family Conflict; Humans; Marriage; Panic Disorder; Personal Satisfaction
PubMed: 33307653
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience Bulletin Jun 2024Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, with a prevalence of ~ 4% in the general population, causing heavy personal and... (Review)
Review
Panic disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, with a prevalence of ~ 4% in the general population, causing heavy personal and socioeconomic burdens. The similarities of animal defense responses to clinical panic attack symptoms in humans make it possible to translate neuroanatomical pathways identified in animal studies to panic disorder in humans. Therefore, in this review we first present a basic overview of panic disorder in humans including the main subtypes, models commonly used to trigger panic attacks, related hypotheses, the neurotransmitter systems that may be involved, and the current clinical treatments to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of panic disorder. The animal section introduces the models that trigger panic-like behavior in animals and the brain regions that may be involved, providing insights for future elucidation of the neural circuit mechanisms behind panic attacks.
Topics: Panic Disorder; Humans; Brain; Animals; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37477800
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01088-9