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Oncoimmunology 2022Vitamin B5 (panthotenic acid), the precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), is contained in most food items and is produced by the intestinal microbiota. A recent study published...
Vitamin B5 (panthotenic acid), the precursor of coenzyme A (CoA), is contained in most food items and is produced by the intestinal microbiota. A recent study published in reports that vitamin B5 and CoA favor the differentiation of CD8 cytotoxic T cells into interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing Tc22 cells, likely through fueling mitochondrial metabolism. Importantly, in a small cohort of melanoma patients, the plasma levels of vitamin B5 positively correlate with responses to PD-1-targeted immunotherapy. Moreover, in mice, supplementation with vitamin B5 increases the efficacy of PD-L1-targeted cancer immunotherapy, and culture of T cells with CoA enhances their antitumor activity upon adoptive transfer into mice. These finding suggest that vitamin B5 is yet another B vitamin that stimulates anti-cancer immunosurveillance.
Topics: Animals; Coenzyme A; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Mice; Pantothenic Acid
PubMed: 35096488
DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2031500 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Dec 2023Vitamin B5, also called D-pantothenic acid (D-PA), is a necessary micronutrient that plays an essential role in maintaining the physiological function of an organism. It... (Review)
Review
Vitamin B5, also called D-pantothenic acid (D-PA), is a necessary micronutrient that plays an essential role in maintaining the physiological function of an organism. It is widely used in: food, medicine, feed, cosmetics, and other fields. Currently, the production of D-PA in industry heavily relies on chemical processes and enzymatic catalysis. With an increasing demand on the market, replacing chemical-based production of D-PA with microbial fermentation utilizing renewable resources is necessary. In this review, the physiological role and applications of D-PA were firstly introduced, after which the biosynthesis pathways and enzymes will be summarized. Subsequently, a series of cell factory development strategies for excessive D-PA production are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the prospect of microbial production of D-PA production has been prospected.
Topics: Pantothenic Acid; Fermentation; Biosynthetic Pathways; Catalysis; Metabolic Engineering
PubMed: 36210178
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2104690 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2023Vitamin B5, also called d-pantothenic acid, is an essential vitamin in the human body and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, food, and...
Vitamin B5, also called d-pantothenic acid, is an essential vitamin in the human body and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, food, and cosmetics. However, few studies have investigated the microbial production of d-pantothenic acid, especially in . By employing a systematic optimization strategy, we screened seven key genes in d-pantothenic acid biosynthesis from diverse species, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc., and constructed an efficient heterologous d-pantothenic acid pathway in . By adjusting the copy number of the pathway modules, knocking out the endogenous bypass gene, balancing NADPH utilization, and regulating the inducible system, a high-yield d-pantothenic acid-producing strain, DPA171, which can regulate gene expression using glucose, was constructed. By optimizing fed-batch fermentation, DPA171 produced 4.1 g/L d-pantothenic acid, which is the highest titer in to date. This study provides guidance for the development of vitamin B5 microbial cell factories.
Topics: Humans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pantothenic Acid; Metabolic Engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Fermentation
PubMed: 37154424
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01082 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jan 2024Vanin1 (VNN1) is an exogenous enzyme with pantetheinase activity that mainly exerts physiological functions through enzyme catalysis products, including pantothenic acid... (Review)
Review
Vanin1 (VNN1) is an exogenous enzyme with pantetheinase activity that mainly exerts physiological functions through enzyme catalysis products, including pantothenic acid and cysteamine. In recent years, the crosstalk between VNN1 and metabolism and oxidative stress has attracted much attention. As a result of the ability of VNN1 to affect multiple metabolic pathways and oxidative stress to exacerbate or alleviate pathological processes, it has become a key component of disease progression. This review discusses the functions of VNN1 in glucolipid metabolism, cysteamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism to provide perspectives on VNN1-targeted therapy for chronic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Cysteamine; Oxidative Stress; Pantothenic Acid; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Amidohydrolases; GPI-Linked Proteins
PubMed: 38042463
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176220 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2019The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its... (Review)
Review
The enzyme vascular non-inflammatory molecule-1 (vanin 1) is highly expressed at gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney. Its major function is related to its pantetheinase activity; vanin 1 breaks down pantetheine in cysteamine and pantothenic acid, a precursor of coenzyme A. Indeed, its physiological role seems strictly related to coenzyme A metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy production. In recent years, many studies have elucidated the role of vanin 1 under physiological conditions in relation to oxidative stress and inflammation. Vanin's enzymatic activity was found to be of key importance in certain diseases, either for its protective effect or as a sensitizer, depending on the diseased organ. In this review, we discuss the role of vanin 1 in the liver, kidney, intestine, and lung under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding and overview of its complex function and contribution to some specific pathologies.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Animals; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 31404995
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163891 -
Nutrients Mar 2023Nutrient patterns (NPs) and the synergistic effect between nutrients have been shown to be associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Nutrient patterns (NPs) and the synergistic effect between nutrients have been shown to be associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to identify NPs and to associate them with BMD categories in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional, observational, analytical study was carried out with women in menopause for at least 12 months, aged ≥50 years. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were investigated. BMD was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A dietary assessment was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire, and three nutrient patterns (NP1, NP2, and NP3) were extracted from the principal component analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between BMD classifications and NP consumption. A total of 124 women, aged on average, 66.8 ± 6.1 years, were evaluated. Of these, 41.9% had osteopenia and 36.3% had osteoporosis. The NP1 (OR: 6.64, [CI95%: 1.56-28.16]; = 0.010), characterized by vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, phosphorus, riboflavin, protein (total and animal), vitamin B6, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, cholesterol, β-carotene, omega 3, magnesium, zinc, niacin, and selenium; and the NP2 (OR: 5.03, [CI95%: 1.25-20.32]; = 0.023), characterized by iron, vegetable protein, thiamine, folate, fibers (soluble and insoluble), PUFA, vitamin A, vitamin K, alpha-tocopherol, copper, sodium, and retinol, was inversely associated with osteopenia. The lower consumption of NP1 and NP2 by postmenopausal women was associated with a higher risk of osteopenia, but not osteoporosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Postmenopause; Cross-Sectional Studies; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Density; Vitamins; Vitamin A; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
PubMed: 37049510
DOI: 10.3390/nu15071670 -
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering May 2022High-yielding chemical and chemo-enzymatic methods of D-pantothenic acid (DPA) synthesis are limited by using poisonous chemicals and DL-pantolactone racemic mixture...
High-yielding chemical and chemo-enzymatic methods of D-pantothenic acid (DPA) synthesis are limited by using poisonous chemicals and DL-pantolactone racemic mixture formation. Alternatively, the safe microbial fermentative route of DPA production was found promising but suffered from low productivity and precursor supplementation. In this study, Bacillus megaterium was metabolically engineered to produce DPA without precursor supplementation. In order to provide a higher supply of precursor D-pantoic acid, key genes involved in its synthesis are overexpressed, resulting strain was produced 0.53 ± 0.08 g/L DPA was attained in shake flasks. Cofactor CH2-THF was found to be vital for DPA biosynthesis and was regenerated through the serine-glycine degradation pathway. Enhanced supply of another precursor, β-alanine was achieved by codon optimization and dosing of the limiting L-asparate-1-decarboxylase (ADC). Co-expression of Pantoate-β-alanine ligase, ADC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase and aspartate ammonia-lyase enhanced DPA concentration to 2.56 ± 0.05 g/L at shake flasks level. Fed-batch fermentation in a bioreactor with and without the supplementation of β-alanine increased DPA concentration to 19.52 ± 0.26 and 4.78 ± 0.53 g/L, respectively. This present study successfully demonstrated a rational approach combining precursor supply engineering with cofactor regeneration for the enhancement of DPA titer in recombinant B. megaterium.
Topics: Bacillus megaterium; Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Pantothenic Acid; beta-Alanine
PubMed: 35175424
DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02701-3 -
Nutrients Sep 2020Compromised oral health can alter food choices. Poor masticatory function leads to imbalanced food intake and undesirable nutritional status. The associations among...
Compromised oral health can alter food choices. Poor masticatory function leads to imbalanced food intake and undesirable nutritional status. The associations among nutritional status, oral health behavior, and self-assessed oral functions status were investigated using a community-based survey. In total, 701 subjects more than 50 years old living Ebina city located southwest of the capital Tokyo were investigated. The number of remaining teeth was counted by dental hygienists. Oral health behavior and self-assessed oral functions were evaluated by oral frailty checklist. Nutritional status was evaluated by the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire using Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese as reference. More than 80% of subjects' intakes of vitamin B, pantothenic acid, copper, and proteins were sufficient. In contrast, only 19% of subjects' intake of vitamin A was sufficient and 35.5% for vitamin B. More than 90% of subjects' intakes of vitamin D and vitamin K were sufficient. Only 35.5% of subjects' intakes of dietary fiber were sufficient. Overall, 88.9% of subjects had excess salt. The number of remaining teeth was not correlated with nutritional intakes. Oral health behavior significantly correlated with nutritional intakes. Oral functions are important for food choice; however, oral functions were not directly correlated with nutritional intakes. Comprehensive health instructions including nutrition and oral health education is necessary for health promotion.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Frailty; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Status; Oral Health; Public Health; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32967313
DOI: 10.3390/nu12092886 -
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Journal of... 2023A simple and reliable analytical method has been developed for the determination of pantothenic acid in food. For the high-protein food, 20 mL of water was added to 2 g...
A simple and reliable analytical method has been developed for the determination of pantothenic acid in food. For the high-protein food, 20 mL of water was added to 2 g of sample, and after homogenization extraction, 1 mL of 15% zinc sulfate solution was added, mixed well, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution. For the low-protein food, 20 mL of 1% formic acid solution was added to 2 g of sample, homogenized, extracted, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered to make the test solution. The HPLC separation was carried out on a L-column2 ODS column with 0.02 mol/L phosphate solution (pH 3.0)- acetonitrile (95 : 5) as the mobile phase, and detected at 200 nm. The LC-MS/MS conditions were L-column2 ODS as the separation column, 5 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.01% formic acid)-methanol (85 : 15) as the mobile phase, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for detection. The recoveries of pantothenic acid in milk powder and nutritional food products were more than 88% with high precision. As a result of analyzing commetrcially available foods labeled as containing pantothenic acid, analytical values almost identical to the labeled values were obtained, and a high correlation was observed between the values obtained by HPLC and LC-MS/MS.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Pantothenic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36858591
DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.64.47 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2023This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Camel milk peptides (CMPs) on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and reveal its related mechanism from the...
This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Camel milk peptides (CMPs) on Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and reveal its related mechanism from the aspect of gut microbiota and metabolites. The administering CMPs significantly alleviated the weight loss, polydipsia and polyphagia, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), improved insulin resistance and sensitivity, and restored the level of serum hormones, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipid metabolic and tissue damage. Furthermore, CMPs intervention remarkably reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in T2DM mice by reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Allobaculum, Clostridium, Shigella and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, while increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Blautia. Metabolomic analysis identified 84 different metabolites between T2DM and CMPs-treated groups, participating in three pathways of Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, Phenylalanine metabolism and Linoleic acid metabolism. Ureidopropionic acid, pantothenic acid, hippuric acid, hydrocinnamic acid and linoleic acid were identified as key acidic metabolites closely related to hypoglycemic effect. Correlation analysis indicated that CMPs might have a hypoglycemic effect through their impact on gut microbiota, leading to variations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acidic metabolites and metabolic pathways. These findings suggest that CMPs could be a beneficial nutritional supplement for intervention T2DM.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Camelus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Milk; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hyperglycemia; Firmicutes; Linoleic Acids
PubMed: 37803591
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113278