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Virchows Archiv : An International... Jan 2022Papillary lesions of the breast represent a heterogeneous group of lesions including benign papillomas, papillomas with focal epithelial atypia, fully fledged ductal... (Review)
Review
Papillary lesions of the breast represent a heterogeneous group of lesions including benign papillomas, papillomas with focal epithelial atypia, fully fledged ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular neoplasia, papillary DCIS, encapsulated papillary carcinomas without or with invasion, solid papillary carcinomas, and invasive papillary carcinomas. A micropapillary pattern characterized by lack of fibrous stalks within the papillae is observed in micropapillary DCIS and invasive micropapillary carcinoma. In addition, a variety of other rare breast lesions reveals a papillary architecture such as tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, and secretory carcinoma. In addition, benign lesions such as usual ductal hyperplasia, apocrine metaplasia, gynecomastia, and juvenile papillomatosis may show a papillary or micropapillary architecture. Fragments of a benign papilloma in a breast biopsy are considered a lesion of uncertain malignant potential (B3 in the European classification) and excision is mostly recommended. Although the knowledge about molecular pathology of papillary breast lesions has increased, there is not sufficient evidence for diagnostically useful molecular features, yet. The aim of this review is to provide an update on papillary and micropapillary lesions with emphasis on problematic areas for daily diagnostic work including biopsies.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Papillary; Humans; Papilloma
PubMed: 34734332
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03182-7 -
HNO Feb 2023Human papillomaviruses (HPV) 6 and 11 cause 90% of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP). It is unclear whether recurrences are caused by new infections or the... (Review)
Review
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) 6 and 11 cause 90% of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP). It is unclear whether recurrences are caused by new infections or the spread of infected cells. Symptomatic and sometimes curative treatment is laser surgery or conventional microsurgical removal. RLP surgery aims to relieve shortness of breath and improve the voice. Patients (especially children) are affected by voice problems, repetitive surgeries, pulmonary manifestations, and psychological trauma. Vaccination with Gardasil 9 (Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, USA) prevents new infections with HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 and induces vaccine antigen-specific antibodies and CD4+ T helper cells. According to current studies, RLP can be avoided with prophylactic vaccination. The treatment is associated with a general vaccination risk (European Medicines Agency approval: girls and boys from 9 years). Studies also show that the vaccine after removal of HPV-associated neoplasia/papilloma prevents recurrences. Extension of the vaccination recommendation to prevent recurrences of HPV-associated diseases in men may promote applicability and herd immunity. For rare and treatment-refractory cases with laryngotracheal involvement, systemic therapy with bevacizumab (e.g. Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA), a VEGF antibody, is a promising adjuvant treatment option.
Topics: Male; Child; Female; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Papilloma; Recurrence; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 36477391
DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01250-1 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2019The aim of this review is to describe the "hot points" of current clinical governance for oral HPV comprising the use of new diagnostic molecular procedures, namely,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review is to describe the "hot points" of current clinical governance for oral HPV comprising the use of new diagnostic molecular procedures, namely, Pyrosequencing and Next Generation Sequencing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The data on oral HPV was collected through two levels of research. First for all, we used the canonical medical search engines, PubMed, and Medline, followed by the study of current commercial tools for HPV diagnosis, particularly within commercial companies involved in the molecular procedures for HPV detecting and genotyping.
RESULTS
Different medical procedures are now described and used throughout the world in HPV diagnosis and treatment. However, the laboratory methods are often validated and used for genital infections, and, in these cases, data are missing in the literature as regards the clinical approach for oral lesions.
CONCLUSIONS
Dental care units are often the front line for a clinical evaluation of a possible HPV lesion in the oral cavity, which means that correct clinical governance could avoid a viral neoplastic progression of this disease with great advantages for the patient. In this case, the problem is due to the difficulty in lesion recognition but also and more especially the absence of correct laboratory diagnosis and subsequent treatment in the clinical course.
Topics: Carcinoma, Verrucous; Cryosurgery; Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia; Humans; Laser Therapy; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Neoplasms; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Photochemotherapy; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Warts
PubMed: 31599444
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201909_19035 -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Apr 2023Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign, rare disease caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) that can be divided into juvenile and adult forms. The course... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign, rare disease caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) that can be divided into juvenile and adult forms. The course of the disease is variable, but is usually more aggressive in the juvenile form. The standard surgical treatment is represented by CO laser resection, although photoangiolytic lasers represent a valid alternative. Adjuvant therapies have been proposed for disease control in case of frequent surgical resections or spreading into the lower airways. In recent years, the development of immunotherapy led to the use of bevacizumab either intratumorally or intravenously, but the most promising therapeutic development is represented by HPV vaccination. This paper aims to present a narrative review of the literature and the experience of three different University Centres in the treatment of RRP.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the clinical charts of all patients affected by laryngeal papillomatosis and treated in three different University Centres between 2002 and 2022 was performed. The following parameters were collected: sex, age at first evaluation, sites of larynx involved, HPV type, type of first surgical treatment, presence and number of recurrences, surgical treatment of recurrences, adjuvant therapies, side effects and status at last follow-up.
RESULTS
Seventy-eight patients were available for evaluation. Of these, 88% had adult onset RRP (Ao-RRP) and 12% juvenile onset RRP (Jo-RRP). The glottis was the most frequently involved subsite; all patients were submitted to surgical resection with CO laser under general anaesthesia. Recurrences appeared in 79% of the patients, the patients who did not recur were all adults. The mean number of recurrences was 9 (range 1-110). Recurrences were more frequent in children (M = 20; range 2-110) than adults (M = 5; range 1-21). Thirty-two (52%) of the 62 patients who recurred were re-treated with CO laser under general anaesthesia, while office-based treatment with a photoangiolytic laser was preferred in the remaining 30 (48%) patients. Adjuvant treatments were applied in 26 patients. The analysis of the course of the disease showed that in the 9 patients with Jo-RRP, 6 (67%) were free of lesions at the last follow-up, while the other 3 (33%) had papillomas. Of the 69 patients with Ao-RRP, 53 (77%) were alive and free of disease at the last visit, 14 (21%) were alive with disease, 1 (1%) was lost at follow-up and 1 (1%) died for other disease. Severe side effects were not observed except for 2 patients, who developed posterior glottic stenosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirmed the literature review. RRP is a potentially aggressive disease, especially in juvenile onset. Surgical resection is still first-line treatment, but in case of multiple recurrences the use of adjuvant therapies must be taken into consideration.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Papillomavirus Infections; Carbon Dioxide; Papilloma; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Multicenter Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37698108
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-suppl.1-43-2023-14 -
Cell Jul 2021We study a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "tree-man" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts. The giant horns form an...
We study a patient with the human papilloma virus (HPV)-2-driven "tree-man" phenotype and two relatives with unusually severe HPV4-driven warts. The giant horns form an HPV-2-driven multifocal benign epithelial tumor overexpressing viral oncogenes in the epidermis basal layer. The patients are unexpectedly homozygous for a private CD28 variant. They have no detectable CD28 on their T cells, with the exception of a small contingent of revertant memory CD4 T cells. T cell development is barely affected, and T cells respond to CD3 and CD2, but not CD28, costimulation. Although the patients do not display HPV-2- and HPV-4-reactive CD4 T cells in vitro, they make antibodies specific for both viruses in vivo. CD28-deficient mice are susceptible to cutaneous infections with the mouse papillomavirus MmuPV1. The control of HPV-2 and HPV-4 in keratinocytes is dependent on the T cell CD28 co-activation pathway. Surprisingly, human CD28-dependent T cell responses are largely redundant for protective immunity.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; CD28 Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Child; Endopeptidases; Female; Genes, Recessive; HEK293 Cells; Homozygote; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Immunologic Memory; Inheritance Patterns; Jurkat Cells; Keratinocytes; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oncogenes; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Pedigree; Protein Sorting Signals; RNA, Messenger; Skin; T-Lymphocytes; Mice
PubMed: 34214472
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.004 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2023Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disorder of the biliary tract characterized by the presence of multiple papillary adenomas spread along the biliary tree. Although...
Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disorder of the biliary tract characterized by the presence of multiple papillary adenomas spread along the biliary tree. Although benign, it carries a significant risk of malignant transformation. Due to low sensitivity and specificity of conventional radiologic modalities, the diagnosis as well as estimation of disease extent is difficult. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) are superior although direct peroral cholangioscopy (POC) is currently the most accurate diagnostic method. Mainly because it provides more detailed information and makes targeted histological diagnosis possible. The treatment of biliary papillomatosis consists of surgical resection, liver transplantation (LT) or a combination of both. Unfortunately, the recurrence rate after radical surgery without LT remains high due to the diffuse distribution of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Adenoma; Papilloma
PubMed: 37814564
DOI: 10.51821/86.3.11733 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2022
Topics: Humans; Warts; Papilloma; Lasers
PubMed: 36331322
DOI: No ID Found -
Ophthalmology Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Papilloma; Eyelid Neoplasms; Virus Diseases; Eyelids
PubMed: 37269263
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.05.005 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jan 2021Onychopapilloma is a fairly common lesion that is clinically typical enough to make the diagnosis. It is unique in that it stretches from the distal matrix all along the...
Onychopapilloma is a fairly common lesion that is clinically typical enough to make the diagnosis. It is unique in that it stretches from the distal matrix all along the nailbed to the hyponychium. A case is described that developed pain eventually resulting in total excision. Histopathology revealed a malignant onychopapilloma. The differential diagnosis of this lesion is discussed.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nail Diseases; Papilloma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 33067854
DOI: 10.1111/cup.13904 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Apr 2023If esophageal papilloma (EP) is a rare condition, esophageal papillomatosis (EPS) is a distinct rarity. To date, only 53 well documented cases have been described in... (Review)
Review
If esophageal papilloma (EP) is a rare condition, esophageal papillomatosis (EPS) is a distinct rarity. To date, only 53 well documented cases have been described in English literature. However, the number of reports on EPS significantly increased to over 40 cases during the past 20 years. Perhaps, this is due to the broad use of endoscopy and related research achievements. Most of the cases are individual and it seems that there are no associations between them. And up to now no guidelines can be followed. To further understand this exceedingly rare disease, we had a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, treatment, and clinical course of EPS.
Topics: Humans; Rare Diseases; Esophageal Neoplasms; Papilloma; Endoscopy
PubMed: 37120568
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02703-8