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Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Feb 2022To highlight how surgery of inverted papilloma has developed during the past year. Moreover, to give our own opinion on the state of research regarding inverted... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To highlight how surgery of inverted papilloma has developed during the past year. Moreover, to give our own opinion on the state of research regarding inverted papilloma surgical management.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies covering surgical treatment of inverted papilloma concentrated on the optimum surgical management aiming at complete resection, least morbidity and best outcome, with special interest regarding the maxillary and frontal sinuses. In maxillary sinus inverted papilloma, to avoid empty nose and/or epiphora, recent articles exerted all attempts to preserve the integrity of both the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct, yet offer best exposure of all maxillary sinus walls specially the anterior and inferior ones. These included the new modifications of the prelacrimal and Denker approaches and lateral nasal wall transposition. In frontal sinus inverted papilloma, to avoid an external approach and insure postoperative patency of frontal sinus ostium, the periorbital suspension was introduced and orbital transposition approach was comprehensively utilized especially in far lateral located lesions and/or in supraorbital recess involvement. Associated malignancy is an important issue to identify as management plans significantly differ. Recurrence occurs early within the first 2 years but long-term follow-up is mandatory.
SUMMARY
Surgical procedures of sinonasal inverted papilloma are planned according to origin rather than the tumor extent. Origin targeted surgery and proper management of the site of attachment are the key to achieve complete surgical resection of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Recent trends advise the least destructive surgical techniques that offer best exposure, complete excision SNIP and least recurrence.
Topics: Endoscopy; Frontal Sinus; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms; Papilloma, Inverted; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
PubMed: 34889848
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000781 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Papilloma; Esophagus
PubMed: 35929991
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003584 -
Science Translational Medicine Oct 2023Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, debilitating neoplastic disorder caused by chronic infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 or 11 and...
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, debilitating neoplastic disorder caused by chronic infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 or 11 and characterized by growth of papillomas in the upper aerodigestive tract. There is no approved medical therapy, and patients require repeated debulking procedures to maintain voice and airway function. PRGN-2012 is a gorilla adenovirus immune-therapeutic capable of enhancing HPV 6/11-specific T cell immunity. This first-in-human, phase 1 study (NCT04724980) of adjuvant PRGN-2012 treatment in adult patients with severe, aggressive RRP demonstrates the overall safety and clinically meaningful benefit observed with PRGN-2012, with a 50% complete response rate in patients treated at the highest dose. Responders demonstrate greater expansion of peripheral HPV-specific T cells compared with nonresponders. Additional correlative studies identify an association between reduced baseline papilloma HPV gene expression, greater interferon responses and expression of and , and greater papilloma T cell infiltration in responders. Conversely, nonresponders were characterized by greater HPV and gene expression, increased neutrophilic cell infiltration, and reduced T cell papilloma infiltration. These results suggest that papilloma HPV gene expression may regulate interferon signaling and chemokine expression profiles within the tumor microenvironment that cooperate to govern clinical response to therapeutic HPV vaccination in patients with respiratory papillomatosis.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Tumor Microenvironment; Respiratory Tract Infections; Interferons; Papilloma; Vaccination
PubMed: 37878675
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj0740 -
Korean Journal of Radiology Aug 2020Ultrasound (US) is an attractive diagnostic approach to identify both common and uncommon nipple pathologies, such as duct ectasia, nipple abscess, nipple leiomyoma,... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound (US) is an attractive diagnostic approach to identify both common and uncommon nipple pathologies, such as duct ectasia, nipple abscess, nipple leiomyoma, nipple adenoma, fibroepithelial polyp, ductal carcinoma (restricted to nipple), invasive carcinoma, and Paget's disease. US is the reliable first-line imaging technique to assess nipple pathologies. It is useful to identify and characterize nipple lesions. Additionally, we have presented the mammography and MRI outcomes correlated with histopathologic features for the relevant cases.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mammography; Middle Aged; Nipples; Paget's Disease, Mammary; Papilloma; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32677380
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0831 -
Veterinary Microbiology Feb 2024The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal... (Review)
Review
The family Papillomaviridae includes a plethora of viral species infecting virtually all vertebrates excluding amphibians, with astonishing impact on human and animal health. Although more than 250 species have been described in humans, the total number of papillomaviruses (PVs) discovered in animals does not reach up to this number. In animals, PV infections are mostly asymptomatic or can cause variable clinical conditions ranging from self-limiting papillomas and other cutaneous and mucosal benign lesions to cancer. Most of animal PV types have been discovered in cattle, dogs, horses, and cats with other farm host species remaining overlooked. In particular, the number of PV types so far identified in sheep is limited. This paper comprehensively reviews ovine PVs features, including viral taxonomy and evolution; genome organization; viral tropism and pathogenesis; macroscopical features and histopathological patterns, as well as available diagnostics tools. Data are critically presented and discussed in terms of impact on veterinary and public health. The development of future dedicated research is also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Deltapapillomavirus; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Virulence
PubMed: 38160507
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109955 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Aug 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Papilloma; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 32352835
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2147IM -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with infection of different tissues, such as the cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, oropharynx, throat, tonsils, back of the...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with infection of different tissues, such as the cervix, anus, vagina, penis, vulva, oropharynx, throat, tonsils, back of the tongue, skin, the lungs, among other tissues. HPV infection may or may not be associated with the development of cancer, where HPVs not related to cancer are defined as low-risk HPVs and are associated with papillomatosis disease. In contrast, high-risk HPVs (HR-HPVs) are associated with developing cancers in areas that HR-HPV infects, such as the cervix. In general, infection of HPV target cells is regulated by specific molecules and receptors that induce various conformational changes of HPV capsid proteins, allowing activation of HPV endocytosis mechanisms and the arrival of the HPV genome to the human cell nucleus. After the transcription of the HPV genome, the HPV genome duplicates exponentially to lodge in a new HPV capsid, inducing the process of exocytosis of HPV virions and thus releasing a new HPV viral particle with a high potential of infection. This infection process allows the HPV viral life cycle to conclude and enables the growth of HPV virions. Understanding the entire infection process has been a topic that researchers have studied and developed for decades; however, there are many things to still understand about HPV infection. A thorough understanding of these HPV infection processes will allow new potential treatments for HPV-associated cancer and papillomatosis. This chapter focuses on HPV infection, the process that will enable HPV to complete its HPV life cycle, emphasizing the critical role of different molecules in allowing this infection and its completion during the HPV viral life cycle.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Capsid Proteins; Papilloma; Skin
PubMed: 38159229
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_8 -
European Archives of... Jan 2023Papilloma is a common benign epithelial tumor of the respiratory tract in adults. Its histological structure and immune environment vary from site to site. This study...
OBJECTIVES
Papilloma is a common benign epithelial tumor of the respiratory tract in adults. Its histological structure and immune environment vary from site to site. This study investigated the disease characteristics and prognostic differences of papillomas at various primary locations.
METHODS
Clinical data was collected from patients with adult glossal root and hypopharyngeal papilloma admitted to our tertiary referral center between January 2010 and December 2020, and compared with patients with laryngeal papilloma. Differences in age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, single or multiple lesions, surgical methods, immunohistochemical indexes, Ki-67 and p16, were analyzed in patients with different primary papilloma sites.
RESULTS
A total of 84 cases of glossal root papilloma, 51 cases of hypopharyngeal papilloma, and 51 cases of laryngeal papilloma were included. Differential analysis between groups showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, sex, smoking, single and multiple lesions, and surgical methods in the different primary sites. Ki-67 expression in laryngeal papilloma was higher than that in glossal root and hypopharyngeal papilloma. There was no significant difference in p16 expression in the three groups. In terms of prognosis, laryngeal papilloma is more likely to relapse than glossal root or hypopharyngeal papilloma, and the recurrence time is shorter.
CONCLUSIONS
As the largest clinical study of papilloma in different primary locations, this study found that the clinical characteristics and postoperative recurrence of papilloma of the glossal root and hypopharynx differ from those of papilloma of the larynx. This finding supports the current clinical experience in treating papillomas in different locations and facilitates the development of clinical treatment plans.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Papilloma
PubMed: 35939058
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07575-5 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has a critical role in cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC): SIRT6 silencing in skin SCC cells has pro-differentiating effects and SIRT6 deletion...
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has a critical role in cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC): SIRT6 silencing in skin SCC cells has pro-differentiating effects and SIRT6 deletion abrogated DMBA-TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. On the other hand, SIRT6 acts as tumor suppressor in SCC by enhancing glycolysis in tumor propagating cells. Herein, pharmacological modulation of SIRT6 deacetylase activity was investigated in cSCC, with S6 (inhibitor) or MDL-800 (activator). In cSCC cells, S6 recreated the pro-differentiating effects of SIRT6 silencing, as the levels of Keratin 1, Keratin 10 and Loricrin were upregulated compared to controls. Next, the effects of SIRT6 pharmacological modulation were evaluated in a DMBA-TPA-induced skin cancer mouse model. Mice treated with the inhibitor S6 in a preventive approach, i.e. at the beginning of the promotion stage, presented reduced number and size of papillomas, compared to the controls. The epidermal hyperproliferation marker Keratin 6 and the cSCC marker Keratin 8 were less abundant when SIRT6 was inhibited. In S6-treated lesions, the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) markers Zeb1 and Vimentin were less expressed compared to untreated lesions. In a therapeutic approach, i.e. treatment starting after papilloma appearance, the S6 group presented reduced papillomas (number and size), whereas MDL-800-treated mice displayed an opposite trend. In S6-treated lesions, Keratin 6 and Keratin 8 were less expressed, EMT was less advanced, with a higher E-cadherin/Vimentin ratio, indicating a delayed carcinogenesis when SIRT6 was inhibited. Our results confirm that SIRT6 plays a role in skin carcinogenesis and suggest SIRT6 pharmacological inhibition as a promising strategy in cSCC.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Skin Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Keratin-8; Vimentin; Keratin-6; Papilloma; Carcinogenesis; Sirtuins
PubMed: 37611438
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115326 -
Graefe's Archive For Clinical and... Aug 2023This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of ocular papilloma, a common benign tumor, and the risk factors related to its recurrence and partial...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of ocular papilloma, a common benign tumor, and the risk factors related to its recurrence and partial deterioration.
METHODS
We collected and analyzed the clinical information of 298 patients (51.68% males) with mean age of 41.54 ± 21.95 years, in the ophthalmology department of the West China Hospital. Clinical and pathological factors that might be related to papilloma recurrence and partial deterioration were studied.
RESULTS
The top three papilloma sites were bulbar conjunctiva, eyelid skin and palpebral conjunctiva. Moreover, 3.59% of lesions presented a malignant transformation, and 16.28% of patients had one or more recurrences after an average follow-up of 4.47 years. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that multiple lesions were a risk factor for recurrence (p = 0.022, OR = 3.088, 95% CI: 1.180-8.079), while cryotherapy decreased the recurrence risk (p = 0.044, OR = 0.364, 95% CI: 0.136-0.972). Additionally, elderly patients and lesions on the corneal limbus or cornea had a higher risk of malignant transformation (p = 0.004 and 0.01, OR = 1.086 and 7.827, 95% CI: 1.027-1.150 and 1.629-37.596, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Ocular papilloma usually occurs in middle-aged and young patients, with no significant gender differences. Older patients and lesions on the corneal limbus or cornea are risk factors for partial malignant transformation. Finally, multiple lesions were a risk factor for recurrence, and cryotherapy reduced the recurrence rate.
Topics: Conjunctival Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Papilloma; Conjunctiva; Eyelid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Cryotherapy; Prognosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36933010
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06035-y