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Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Feb 2023Sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. They have characteristic features such as a high risk of recurrence and...
OBJECTIVE
Sinonasal inverted papillomas are benign neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. They have characteristic features such as a high risk of recurrence and possible malignant transformation. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between sinonasal inverted papilloma and inflammatory blood markers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixty-five patients who were diagnosed histologically as having sinonasal inverted papilloma and 65 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Inflammatory blood markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) of the patient and control groups were compared.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences between the patients and controls for white blood cell, platelet, hemoglobin, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts ( > .05). No statistically significant difference was found between the patients and controls for NLR, PLR, RDW, MPV, and PDW ( > .05). In the logistic regression analysis model, which was created to investigate the effects of inflammatory blood markers in determining the patient group, the increase in the NLR and decrease in the PLR were found to be statistically significant factors ( = .008, = .039).
CONCLUSION
This is the first study in the literature to investigate the relationship between sinonasal inverted papilloma and inflammatory blood markers, and the results suggest that NLR and PLR may be used to distinguish patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma from controls.
Topics: Humans; Papilloma, Inverted; Biomarkers; Mean Platelet Volume; Erythrocyte Indices; Lymphocytes; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33459561
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320988366 -
Histopathology Aug 2019Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) and sinonasal oncocytic papilloma (SOP) are uncommon, benign epithelial neoplasms located in the sinonasal region, that have the...
AIMS
Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) and sinonasal oncocytic papilloma (SOP) are uncommon, benign epithelial neoplasms located in the sinonasal region, that have the potential for malignant transformation. A recent study reported that EGFR and KRAS mutations occurred in the majority of Western patients with SIP and SOP, respectively. The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of KRAS and EGFR mutations in Chinese SIP and SOP patients, and to study the association between molecular alterations and their clinical features.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We retrospectively collected 80 sinonasal papilloma specimens, including 44 cases with SIP, 33 cases with SOP, and three cases with mixed sinonasal papilloma, which harboured elements of both inverted and oncocytic types. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were used to extract genomic DNA, and EGFR and KRAS mutations were evaluated with direct Sanger sequencing. Thirty-five (78%) SIP patients harboured EGFR mutations, and all mutations were exon 20 insertions, whereas no KRAS mutations were detected. In contrast, KRAS mutations were detected in 82% of SOP patients, but no EGFR mutations were detected. Among the three mixed-type cases, two harboured both EGFR exon 20 insertions and KRAS mutations. Another case harboured a KRAS mutation, but no EGFR mutation was detected.
CONCLUSION
SIP and SOP are two clinical entities with different genetic mutational patterns of EGFR and KRAS. Mixed types with elements of both SIP and SOP may harbour both EGFR and KRAS mutations.
Topics: Adenoma, Oxyphilic; Adult; Aged; Asian People; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Papilloma; Papilloma, Inverted; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
PubMed: 30916792
DOI: 10.1111/his.13868 -
Journal For Immunotherapy of Cancer Aug 2021Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a human papillomavirus (HPV) driven neoplastic disorder of the upper aerodigestive tract that causes significant morbidity...
BACKGROUND
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a human papillomavirus (HPV) driven neoplastic disorder of the upper aerodigestive tract that causes significant morbidity and can lead to fatal airway obstruction. Prior clinical study demonstrated clinical benefit with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody avelumab. Bintrafusp alpha is a bifunctional inhibitor of PD-L1 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b) that has shown clinical activity in several cancer types.
METHODS
We conducted a phase II clinical trial evaluating bintrafusp alpha in adults with RRP. Papilloma samples before and after treatment with bintrafusp alpha were assessed for correlates of response with multiplex immunofluorescence as well as immunological and genomic analyses. Post hoc analyses of papilloma samples before and after treatment with avelumab were assessed for comparison.
RESULTS
Dual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition failed to abrogate papilloma growth in most subjects and increased the frequency of clinically indicated interventions after treatment in four of eight subjects based on each subject's own historical control. TGF-b neutralization consistently decreased pSMAD3 and p21 and increased Ki67 expression within the basal layers of papillomas, indicating that TGF-b restrained proliferation. These alterations were not observed in papillomas treated with PD-L1 blockade alone. Dual PD-L1/TGF-b inhibition did not enhance anti-HPV immunity within papillomas beyond that observed with PD-L1 blockade. Genomic alterations in TGF-b superfamily genes were infrequent in papillomas and normal mucosa but present in a significant fraction of head and neck carcinomas.
CONCLUSIONS
Intact TGF-b signaling restrains proliferation within papillomas, and the use of clinical agents that abrogate this pathway should be avoided in patients with RRP.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS
NCT03707587 and NCT02859454.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Female; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunologic Factors; Immunotherapy; Mice; NIH 3T3 Cells; Papilloma; Papillomavirus Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34462327
DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003113 -
Eye (London, England) Jun 2023Blood-stained tears can indicate occult malignancy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus. This study reviews data on patients presenting with blood in their tears and the...
BACKGROUND
Blood-stained tears can indicate occult malignancy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus. This study reviews data on patients presenting with blood in their tears and the underlying cause for this rare symptom.
METHODS
Patients presenting with blood in their tears, identified over a 20-year period, were retrospectively collected from a single tertiary ophthalmic hospital's database and analysed.
RESULTS
51 patients were identified, the majority female (58%) with a mean age of 55 years. Most cases were unilateral (96%) with blood originating from the nasolacrimal drainage system in 53%. The most common diagnosis for blood-stained tears was a lacrimal sac mucocele (n = 16) followed by a conjunctival vascular lesion (n = 4). Three patients had systemic haematological disorders. The rate of malignancy was 8% (n = 4), with 2 patients having lacrimal sac transitional cell carcinomas, one with a lacrimal sac plasmacytoma and the other with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and bilateral orbital infiltration (with bilateral bloody tears). One patient had a lacrimal sac inverted papilloma, a premalignant lesion. Four patients had benign papillomas (of the lacrimal sac, conjunctiva and caruncle).
CONCLUSION
Haemolacria was a red flag for malignancy in 8% of patients (and tumours in 18% of patients). A thorough clinical examination including lid eversion identified a conjunctival, caruncle, eyelid or canalicular cause in 27% of cases.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Tears; Lacrimal Apparatus; Nasolacrimal Duct; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Papilloma; Eyelids
PubMed: 36088421
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02224-x -
Veterinary Pathology Nov 2022Nine distinct papillomaviruses (Lambdapapillomavirus) have been described in domestic and nondomestic cats, but not in cheetahs. These viruses have been associated with...
Nine distinct papillomaviruses (Lambdapapillomavirus) have been described in domestic and nondomestic cats, but not in cheetahs. These viruses have been associated with cutaneous papillomas or plaques, bowenoid carcinomas, feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), feline sarcoids, and oral (often sublingual) papillomas. Fourteen cheetahs from the AfriCat foundation (Namibia) and one from the Ann van Dyk Cheetah center (South Africa) presented with sublingual lesions reminiscent of sublingual papillomas. Two animals were biopsied and the histopathology revealed benign proliferative epithelial lesions with prominent thickening of the overlying squamous epithelium. Throughout the squamous epithelial layers were cells with nuclear enlargement, irregularity of the nuclear membranes and cell contours, focal hyperchromasia of the nuclei, and perinuclear halos, reminiscent of a virus-associated process as seen in papillomavirus infections. Thirteen more cheetahs were sampled and the tissue snap frozen for molecular characterization. Amplification and sequencing of the papillomavirus L1, E6, E7, and E1 gene regions was achieved with modified primers. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed all 15 cheetah papilloma samples were 99.99% genetically similar and closely related to, but genetically distinct from any known felinepapillomaviruses. All cheetahs were FIV and FeLV negative. The results suggest the samples identified in this study can be considered a previously undescribed or novel feline papillomavirus and the authors propose " papillomavirus type 1" (AjPV-1), within the genus (Family: Papillomaviridae).
Topics: Acinonyx; Africa, Southern; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cat Diseases; Cats; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35815910
DOI: 10.1177/03009858221109610 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Feb 2020In this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from psittacine birds, raptors and...
In this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from psittacine birds, raptors and domestic fowl. The age of affected birds ranged from 3 to 40 years, with median age significantly higher in psittacines (P = 0.014). The majority of tumours were located in the skin (24/52, 46.2%) or uropygial gland (10/52, 19.2%). Thirty of the SCCs (66.7%) were well differentiated and 15 (33.3%) were poorly-differentiated. SCCs exhibited a significantly higher degree of nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.005) and a greater proportion were ulcerated (P = 0.001) compared with papillomas; however, there was no significant difference in mitotic count (MC) or inflammation score. The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 and E-cadherin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The COX-2 total score (TS) was significantly higher in SCCs compared with papillomas (P = 0.002), but the difference between COX-2 TS of well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs was not significant. COX-2 labelling was predominantly cytoplasmic, but some tumours had concurrent membranous and/or perinuclear labelling. SCCs with membranous labelling had a significantly higher MC (P = 0.028). A significantly higher proportion of SCCs were negative for E-cadherin compared with papillomas (P = 0.042), but there was no significant difference between well- and poorly-differentiated SCCs. Fourteen papillomas and SCCs from psittacines were also tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Psittacus erithacus papillomavirus 1 and Psittacid herpesvirus 1, but all samples tested negative. We demonstrate for the first time the expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in avian tissues, and suggest that these markers may be useful in differentiating papillomas from SCCs, particularly when sample size is small.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bird Diseases; Birds; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Immunohistochemistry; Papilloma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32138838
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.007 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings Apr 2021
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Papilloma; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Young Adult
PubMed: 33814084
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.02.018 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Oct 2022Nipple-areolar complex anomalies may be secondary to many etiologies from simple anatomic variations to malignant processes as Paget disease or invasive breast cancer,...
Nipple-areolar complex anomalies may be secondary to many etiologies from simple anatomic variations to malignant processes as Paget disease or invasive breast cancer, passing through benign locally aggressive processes as erosive adenomatosis of the nipple. Differential diagnosis is not always simple. If clinical exam and standard radiological checkup can't confirm the benignity of the lesion, a biopsy specimen will be obtained to allow an anatomopathological examination. A precise diagnosis can then be made leading to optimal management. This paper describes how to explore nipple-areolar complex anomalies through an uncommon clinical case associating independently an invasive retro-areolar cancer and a dermatological disease of the areola mimicking a Paget disease.
Topics: Adenoma; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Nipples; Papilloma; Radiography
PubMed: 36226397
DOI: No ID Found -
Oral Papillomatosis: Its Relation with Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Local Immunity-An Update.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2022Oral papilloma lesions may appear as a result of HPV infection, or not, and only special molecular methods could differentiate them. Low-risk and high-risk HPV types... (Review)
Review
Oral papilloma lesions may appear as a result of HPV infection, or not, and only special molecular methods could differentiate them. Low-risk and high-risk HPV types could induce oral HPV papillomatosis with different natural evolution, clearance and persistence mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms are based on the crosstalk between the oral epithelial and immune cells and this very efficient virus. HPV acts as a direct inducer in the process of transforming a benign lesion into a malignant one, the cancerization process being also debated in this paper. According to the degree of malignity, three types of papillomatous lesions can be described in the oral cavity: benign lesions, potential malign disorders and malignant lesions. The precise molecular diagnostic is important to identify the presence of various virus types and also the virus products responsible for its oncogenicity. An accurate diagnostic of oral papilloma can be established through a good knowledge of etiological and epidemiological factors, clinical examination and laboratory tests. This review intends to update the pathogenic mechanisms driving the macroscopic and histological features of oral papillomatosis having HPV infection as the main etiological factor, focusing on its interreference in the local immunity. In the absence of an accurate molecular diagnostic and knowledge of local immunological conditions, the therapeutic strategy could be difficult to decide.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Papilloma; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 36013570
DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081103 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jan 2021Glandular papilloma (GP) and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MP) are rare benign pulmonary tumors occurring in the bronchi. Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) was...
Glandular papilloma (GP) and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MP) are rare benign pulmonary tumors occurring in the bronchi. Bronchiolar adenoma (BA) was recently characterized as a pulmonary tumor exhibiting alveolar spread. Both GP/MP and BA are composed of a mixture of glandular, ciliated, squamous, and basal cells. We aimed to clarify whether GP/MP and BA represent the same tumor. We evaluated the detailed histologic characteristics of 11 cases involving pulmonary peripheral tumors that exhibited histologic features of GP/MP or BA, and performed genetic analyses using targeted panel sequencing, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, and digital polymerase chain reaction. Histologically, 4 and 7 tumors were classified as GP/MP and BA, respectively. GP/MP showed endobronchiolar papillary growth with a pseudostratified or stratified epithelium. In contrast, 5 BAs showed a predominant flat structure with a bilayered or pseudostratified epithelium, whereas 2 BAs showed a GP/MP-like papillary architecture. The mean epithelial thickness in each tumor was significantly larger in GP/MPs and BAs with a GP/MP-like morphology (103 to 242 μm) than in flat-predominant BA (23 to 47 μm, P=0.0010). AKT1 E17K mutations were detected in all GP/MPs and BAs with GP/MP-like morphology but were absent in the 5 flat-predominant BAs. AKT1 mutations were always concurrent with BRAF or HRAS mutations, and the variant allele frequency or percentage of mutant copies of AKT1 mutations was equal to those of BRAF or HRAS mutations. GP/MPs are characterized by AKT1 mutations concurrent with BRAF or HRAS mutations. Peribronchiolar papillary tumors with AKT1 mutations may also be classified as GP/MP.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bronchioles; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Papilloma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
PubMed: 32868527
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001573