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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The endemic mycoses blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and... (Review)
Review
The endemic mycoses blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and emergomycosis are mostly caused by geographically limited thermally dimorphic fungi (except for cryptococcosis), and their diagnoses can be challenging. Usual laboratory methods involved in endemic mycoses diagnosis include microscopic examination and culture of biological samples; however, serologic, histopathologic, and molecular techniques have been implemented in the last few years for the diagnosis of these mycoses since the recovery and identification of their etiologic agents is time-consuming and lacks in sensitivity. In this review, we focus on the immunologic diagnostic methods related to antibody and antigen detection since their evidence is presumptive diagnosis, and in some mycoses, such as cryptococcosis, it is definitive diagnosis.
PubMed: 36294558
DOI: 10.3390/jof8100993 -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Nov 2020The global frequency of endemic mycoses has considerably increased, mainly due to environmental changes, population growth in endemic areas, and the increase in... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The global frequency of endemic mycoses has considerably increased, mainly due to environmental changes, population growth in endemic areas, and the increase in HIV-related immunosuppressed status. Among the most frequent endemic mycoses are coccidioidomycosis in semi-desert climates, and paracoccidioidomycosis, and histoplasmosis in tropical climates. The inoculum can enter the host through the airway or directly through the skin. Lymphatic and hematogenous spread may involve the skin.
AREAS COVERED
In this article, we provide up-to-date epidemiological and diagnostic data on major (histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis) and minor (talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, emergomycosis) endemic mycoses.
EXPERT OPINION
Endemic mycoses include diseases with a localized endemic area, and a few of them converge. These mycoses all have in common the airway involvement and can cause pulmonary symptoms following initial asymptomatic infection. Among the risk groups to acquire these mycoses are travelers from endemic areas, archeologists, speleologists, and immigrants. Promising and useful diagnostic tools have been developed in endemic mycoses; however, most of them are not standardized or available in low-income countries.
Topics: Animals; Endemic Diseases; Fungi; Global Health; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Mycoses; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32620065
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1792774 -
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2022
Topics: Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Paracoccidioidomycosis
PubMed: 36134863
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0188-2022 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2020Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are associated with severe morbidity, and represent an impactful health and economic burden worldwide. The treatment of these... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are associated with severe morbidity, and represent an impactful health and economic burden worldwide. The treatment of these diseases can include a course with detrimental side effects. Immunosuppression increases the risk of opportunistic infections, but in some cases, the abrupt discontinuation of these medications can result in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Special attention must be directed to endemic tropical infections, such as leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, malaria, arbovirosis, yellow fever, leprosy, paracoccidioidomycosis, disseminated strongyloidiasis, and ectoparasitosis. These endemic diseases of developing countries can be considered as possible emerging diseases in developed regions partially because of environmental factors and migration. In the present article, we aim to review the evidence-based aspects of the most important opportunistic tropical infections in immunosuppressed patients. We also aim to review the important aspects of vaccination, chemical prophylaxis, and treatment for these infections in people with medication-induced immunosuppression.
Topics: Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Opportunistic Infections
PubMed: 32299676
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101509 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Endemic fungal infections are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in certain regions of the world. The diagnosis and management remain a challenge, and... (Review)
Review
Endemic fungal infections are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in certain regions of the world. The diagnosis and management remain a challenge, and the reason could be explained by the lack of disease awareness, variability of symptoms, and insidious and often overlooked clinical presentation. Imaging findings are nonspecific and frequently misinterpreted as other more common infectious or malignant diseases. Patient demographics and clinical and travel history are important clues that may lead to a proper diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to review the presentation and differential diagnosis of endemic mycoses based on the most common chest imaging findings.
PubMed: 36354899
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111132 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Coccidioidomycosis (CM) and paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are systemic mycoses that are highly endemic in Latin America and have recently been included on the World... (Review)
Review
Coccidioidomycosis (CM) and paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are systemic mycoses that are highly endemic in Latin America and have recently been included on the World Health Organization (WHO) Fungal Priority Pathogens List. and are recognized as etiological agents of CM, with peculiarities in their geographic distribution. The genus now includes and the complex, which encompasses four phylogenetic species. In both diseases, pulmonary signs and symptoms are the main reasons for patients to seek medical assistance, and they are frequently misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. In this paper, we present a critical view of the strategies for diagnosis and clinical management of CM and PCM. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of reports of endemic fungal infections in areas previously thought to be "non-endemic" due to climate change and increased travel, among other factors. Learning to recognize their main epidemiological aspects and clinical manifestations is crucial so that clinicians can include them in the differential diagnosis of lung disease and avoid late diagnosis.
PubMed: 36836333
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020218 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Dec 2023This review is about Dr. Luiz Rodolpho Raja Gabaglia Travassos' scientific contributions to paracoccidioidomycosis as told by myself, Rosana Puccia, but co-written with... (Review)
Review
This review is about Dr. Luiz Rodolpho Raja Gabaglia Travassos' scientific contributions to paracoccidioidomycosis as told by myself, Rosana Puccia, but co-written with Dr. Carlos P. Taborda, my younger scientific brother, collaborator, and dear friend. Dr. Travassos' pioneer papers and scientific insights covering biochemistry, immunology, cell biology, and molecular biology in the paracoccidiodomycosis area are key contributions that we acknowledge here, with focus on the Paracoccidioides antigen gp43. Importantly, we tell some personal stories behind the scene. Dr. Travassos' contribution to science is available in a number of quality publications, while his influence to hundreds of people who gravitated around him will be kept alive inside each one of us forever.
Topics: Humans; Male; Antigens, Fungal; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Paracoccidioides; Fungal Proteins
PubMed: 37052751
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00962-y -
Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia 2022
Topics: Humans; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Lobomycosis
PubMed: 35283022
DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2022.01.002 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Sep 2020
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Amphotericin B; Asthenia; Diarrhea; Fludrocortisone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Itraconazole; Male; Middle Aged; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vomiting
PubMed: 32896237
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0083 -
Seminars in Respiratory and Critical... Feb 2020Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most relevant systemic endemic mycoses in Latin American countries, especially in South American countries, with endemic and... (Review)
Review
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most relevant systemic endemic mycoses in Latin American countries, especially in South American countries, with endemic and hyperendemic areas. The real burden of PCM may be underestimated because of a lack of compulsory case notification. Recent phylogenetic data revealed that comprises several cryptic species including and . However, the genetic biodiversity of does not affect the clinical manifestations or therapeutic response to therapy. Lung involvement is a common finding, especially in patients experiencing the chronic form of the disease, and, because of its similarities with tuberculosis, clinicians must be alert to the possibility of PCM in patients with chronic respiratory manifestations and epidemiological risk factors for this fungal disease.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Global Health; Humans; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32000284
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3400544