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Journal of Cancer Research and... Dec 2022Cytomorphological distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic tumors to the liver may be difficult, especially when these have poor differentiation. The...
BACKGROUND
Cytomorphological distinction between hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic tumors to the liver may be difficult, especially when these have poor differentiation. The present study was done to assess the diagnostic utility of hepatocyte paraffin-1 (HepPar-1), CD10, and CD34 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed on 50 patients with space-occupying lesions of liver suspicious for malignancy on clinical/radiologic findings. The cytological assessment was done on smears stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin. Cell blocks were prepared, and immunostaining for HepPar-1, CD10, and CD34 was done.
RESULTS
In these 50 patients, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 7 and metastatic tumors in 43 cases. The sensitivity of smears in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma was 100% and the specificity was 95.3%, while the sensitivity and specificity of cell block were 100%. A canalicular pattern of CD10 immunoreactivity had a 100% positive predictive value for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. CD10 had a sensitivity of 57.1% and 41.9% in identification of HCC and metastatic tumors, respectively. For the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, the sensitivity of CD34 was 85.7% and the specificity of sinusoidal pattern of immunoreactivity was 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of granular cytoplasmic staining pattern of HepPar-1 were 100% in hepatocellular carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS
The staining patterns of HepPar-1, CD10, and CD34 are highly specific in distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from metastasis. These three immunomarkers should be included in the immunocytochemical panel for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma to the liver.
Topics: Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Paraffin; Immunohistochemistry; Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Antigens, CD34; Hepatocytes; Cell Adhesion Molecules
PubMed: 36510999
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_467_20 -
BMC Genomics Dec 2023RNA-Seq analysis of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples has emerged as a highly effective approach and is increasingly being used in clinical research... (Review)
Review
RNA-Seq analysis of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples has emerged as a highly effective approach and is increasingly being used in clinical research and drug development. However, the processing and storage of FFPE samples are known to cause extensive degradation of RNAs, which limits the discovery of gene expression or gene fusion-based biomarkers using RNA sequencing, particularly methods reliant on Poly(A) enrichment. Recently, researchers have developed an exome targeted RNA-Seq methodology that utilizes biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to enrich RNA transcripts of interest, which could overcome these limitations. Nevertheless, the standardization of this experimental framework, including probe designs, sample multiplexing, sequencing read length, and bioinformatic pipelines, remains an essential requirement. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of three main commercially available exome capture kits and evaluated key experimental parameters, to provide the overview of the advantages and limitations associated with the selection of library preparation protocols and sequencing platforms. The results provide valuable insights into the best practices for obtaining high-quality data from FFPE samples.
Topics: Exome; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Profiling; Paraffin; Paraffin Embedding; RNA; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 38102591
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09886-1 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Jan 2020To examine if range of motion of the shoulder treated with paraffin will be better than that of the shoulder treated with sustained stretch alone. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To examine if range of motion of the shoulder treated with paraffin will be better than that of the shoulder treated with sustained stretch alone.
DESIGN
Pilot randomized controlled trial.
SETTING
Regional burn center.
PARTICIPANTS
Patients (N=23) who sustained a burn injury, with a shoulder active abduction and/or flexion in the +70° to +150° degree range, who were 14 years or older, were receiving follow-up physical therapy after discharge from hospital, and provided a signed consent to participate.
INTERVENTIONS
Group A received sustained stretch and paraffin, and group B received sustained stretch only. Both groups had 6 sessions of treatment over 2 weeks.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Active range of motion (AROM) and active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) for shoulder flexion (SF) and shoulder abduction (SA) were measured before and after each treatment session.
RESULTS
For pretreatment measurements, only the results for SF AAROM had significant time effects. For posttreatment measurements, SF AROM and SF AAROM had significant effects for time. Session 1 was significantly lower than sessions 2, 3, 4, and 6 for both measures, and additionally, session 1 was significantly lower than session 5 for SF AAROM. For SA AROM, a group-by-time interaction effect was significant, with scores for the paraffin group relatively stable across sessions, and the nonparaffin group had peaks at sessions 3 and 6. There were no significant effects for (1) within-session changes to examine improvement during a session or (2) presession scores across the 6 sessions showing maintenance of motion. Total change from the first session presession measurement to the sixth session postsession measurement for the 2 treatment groups were nonsignificantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
As shown in this study, sustained stretching with paraffin may be a valuable adjunct to range of motion intervention for the shoulder after burn injury.
Topics: Adult; Contracture; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Stretching Exercises; Pain Measurement; Paraffin; Physical Therapy Modalities; Pilot Projects; Range of Motion, Articular; Shoulder Joint; Trauma Severity Indices
PubMed: 31562875
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.482 -
International Journal of Biometeorology Aug 2022Although peloid and paraffin treatments may have a positive effect in the short term on pain, functional status, hand grip strength, and quality of life in patients with... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Although peloid and paraffin treatments may have a positive effect in the short term on pain, functional status, hand grip strength, and quality of life in patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA), there are no comprehensive and comparative studies of these therapies for HOA. The aim of our study was to evaluate the short-term effects of peloid and paraffin treatments in symptomatic HOA patients. Eighty female patients diagnosed with HOA were randomly divided into two equal groups: peloid group (peloid therapy and home exercise) and paraffin group (paraffin therapy and home exercise). Peloid and paraffin applications were performed over 3 weeks for a total of 15 sessions. Patients were evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS)-rest, -activity, and -handgrip for pain, Jamar hand dynamometer for grip strength, Australian/Canadian (AUSCAN) Osteoarthritis Hand Index for function, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) for physical activity, Beck depression inventory (BDI) for depression, and short form-36 (SF-36) for quality of life. Evaluations were performed before treatment, in the 3rd week, and 1 month after treatment. For all parameters except SF-36, statistically significant improvements were observed in short-term evaluations compared to the baseline in both groups (p = .000). Reductions in HAQ scores in the 3rd week and 1st month (p = .001 and p = .003), and the decrease in BDI scores in the 3rd week (p = .005) was statistically significantly higher in the peloid group. Improvements in some subparameters of the SF-36 were statistically significant in favor of the peloid group. In female patients with HOA, both groups experienced similar positive effects on pain, functional status, and hand grip strength for up to one month, but the peloid group was found to be superior in the short term in terms of physical activity and some quality of life parameters. Peloid therapy can be preferred as a natural and reliable method for symptomatic HOA.
Topics: Australia; Canada; Female; Hand; Hand Strength; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Pain; Paraffin; Quality of Life; Single-Blind Method; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35794487
DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02324-z -
Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of... May 2023Tissue structures, phenotypes, and pathology are routinely investigated based on histology. This includes chemically staining the transparent tissue sections to make...
Tissue structures, phenotypes, and pathology are routinely investigated based on histology. This includes chemically staining the transparent tissue sections to make them visible to the human eye. Although chemical staining is fast and routine, it permanently alters the tissue and often consumes hazardous reagents. On the other hand, on using adjacent tissue sections for combined measurements, the cell-wise resolution is lost owing to sections representing different parts of the tissue. Hence, techniques providing visual information of the basic tissue structure enabling additional measurements from the exact same tissue section are required. Here we tested unstained tissue imaging for the development of computational hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. We used unsupervised deep learning (CycleGAN) and whole slide images of prostate tissue sections to compare the performance of imaging tissue in paraffin, as deparaffinized in air, and as deparaffinized in mounting medium with section thicknesses varying between 3 and 20 μm. We showed that although thicker sections increase the information content of tissue structures in the images, thinner sections generally perform better in providing information that can be reproduced in virtual staining. According to our results, tissue imaged in paraffin and as deparaffinized provides a good overall representation of the tissue for virtually HE-stained images. Further, using a pix2pix model, we showed that the reproduction of overall tissue histology can be clearly improved with image-to-image translation using supervised learning and pixel-wise ground truth. We also showed that virtual HE staining can be used for various tissues and used with both 20× and 40× imaging magnifications. Although the performance and methods of virtual staining need further development, our study provides evidence of the feasibility of whole slide unstained microscopy as a fast, cheap, and feasible approach to producing virtual staining of tissue histology while sparing the exact same tissue section ready for subsequent utilization with follow-up methods at single-cell resolution.
Topics: Male; Humans; Hematoxylin; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Paraffin; Microscopy; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 36801642
DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100070 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jul 2020
Topics: Foreskin; Granuloma; Humans; Male; Paraffin
PubMed: 31998963
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14800 -
Chemosphere Jan 2022Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are chemicals with multipurpose applications. Their global production has increased despite their adverse impacts on the environment and... (Review)
Review
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are chemicals with multipurpose applications. Their global production has increased despite their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. In 2017, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention. Yet, specific exemptions were granted for their applications despite the recycling prohibition for products containing SCCPs. Therefore, we aimed to produce the first Brazilian inventory of SCCPs following its respective guidance to evaluate the applicability of the SCCP inventory guidance and to provide technical insights regarding SCCPs in the update of the Brazilian National Implementation Plan (NIP). Moreover, we performed a review of SCCP occurrence in Brazil to fulfil data gaps in the inventory development. We identified and consulted nationwide stakeholders and assessed foreign trade data of CPs and products that might contain CPs in relevant amounts. The Brazilian production of CPs was discontinued in 1994. However, CPs are still imported and used in the country. CPs have been mostly applied as plasticizers, flame retardants and lubricants in Brazil. The import of products containing CPs also pose a significant route of CP entrance into Brazil. Thus, the current end-of-life management of CP-containing products is a bottleneck towards the Convention implementation. The guidance application was feasible and useful despite the low engagement of stakeholders. To assess foreign trade of CPs and CP-containing products, we recommend the use of more specific tracking codes. Besides, the review of SCCP occurrence is not a demanded part for an inventory but was a useful complementation.
Topics: Brazil; China; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Paraffin
PubMed: 34826954
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132344 -
Medicine Nov 2021Current studies in patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) have predominantly focused on the role of tuina or paraffin therapy alone. This systematic review...
Chinese massage (Tuina) combline with paraffin therapy versus tuina or paraffin therapy alone for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis: A protocol for systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Current studies in patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) have predominantly focused on the role of tuina or paraffin therapy alone. This systematic review with Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to sum up the existing evidence on the effects and safety of tuina plus paraffin therapy for CMT in infants and children.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes reporting guidelines will be followed to conduct this study. The electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, Taiwan Electronic Periodical Services, and Web of Science will be searched from the inception to November 2021 using the following key terms: "Tuina," "traditional Chinese medicine massage," "paraffin," and "congenital muscular torticollis," for all relevant studies. We impose no language restrictions. We include reports on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of Tuina combline with paraffin therapy for the treatment of CMT in children and adolescents. We include studies that assessed effective rate, symmetry, improvements of range of motion, muscle length, and sternocleidomastoid tumor thickness, quality of life, and adverse events. The Cochrane Bias Risk Tool, which considers sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding and other aspects of bias, will be used to assess the risk of bias in studies.
RESULTS
A Bayesian network meta-analysis is an appropriate statistical method to compare all treatment options by statistically simulating the estimated results of a comprehensive trial, and to compare treatments by common and associated comparators. In addition, Bayesian network meta-analysis can produce ranking probabilities of treatments, which may contribute to clinicians' clinical decision-making.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
10.17605/OSF.IO/K5EGN.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Infant; Massage; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Network Meta-Analysis; Paraffin; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Torticollis
PubMed: 34871237
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027648 -
STAR Protocols Dec 2022Here we describe a multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry platform to stain and analyze two markers in paraffin tissue sections from mouse or human. The basis of the...
Here we describe a multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry platform to stain and analyze two markers in paraffin tissue sections from mouse or human. The basis of the protocol is a series of stripping and re-probing steps with subsequent image analysis, which allows the user to perform multiplex imaging in a reliable and affordable manner. Here, we describe specific usage to assess the levels of PD-L1 in tumor-associated macrophages. We have used different antibodies and assessed this protocol for up to five consecutive antibodies per slide. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Orgaz et al. (2020)..
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Immunohistochemistry; Paraffin; Coloring Agents; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Antibodies
PubMed: 36595909
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101879 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Jan 2023Photothermal responsive slippery surfaces with switchable superwettability are promising in the fields of biomedicine, self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and lab-on-a-chip...
Photothermal responsive slippery surfaces with switchable superwettability are promising in the fields of biomedicine, self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, and lab-on-a-chip systems. However, the development of a light switchable slippery surface that combines high-performance photothermal materials with hierarchical microstructures of special orientation remains challenging, which limits the applications in anisotropic droplet manipulation. Herein, we demonstrate a photothermal responsive slippery surface based on laser-structured graphene and polyvinylidene difluoride composites (L-G@PVDF) for controllable droplet manipulation. The L-G@PVDF film exhibits high light absorption (∼95.4%) in the visible and NIR region. After lubricating with paraffin, the resultant surface shows excellent self-healing ability and light-responsive wettability change due to the photothermal effect of L-G@PVDF and the hot melting effect of paraffin. Additionally, by introducing anisotropic grooved structures, the paraffin-infused L-G@PVDF surface displays anisotropic wettability that further affects droplet manipulation under light irradiation. Also, the photothermal responsive slippery property endows the paraffin-infused L-G@PVDF surface with excellent anti-frosting and de-icing capability. Moreover, the smart paraffin-infused L-G@PVDF surface can be combined with a microfluidics chip for light-driven automatic sampling. This study offers insight into the rational design of photothermal responsive slippery surfaces for controllable droplet manipulation.
Topics: Graphite; Paraffin; Wettability; Lasers
PubMed: 36088703
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.153