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The American Journal of Tropical... Apr 2023Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar...
Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar border were evaluated to review clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and treatment regimens. All patients tested positive for paragonimiasis eggs and presented with an array of symptoms, including chronic cough, hemoptysis, peripheral eosinophilia, and thoracic radiograph abnormalities. All fully recovered after a 2- to 5-day course of 75 to 80 mg/kg/day praziquantel. We conclude that paragonimiasis should be considered during differential diagnoses to promote early treatment and to prevent misdiagnosis of reemerging or sporadic cases. This applies particularly to endemic regions and high-risk groups known to habitually consume raw or undercooked intermediate or paratenic hosts.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Thailand; Praziquantel; Paragonimus; Hemoptysis
PubMed: 36848893
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0708 -
International Journal For Parasitology Jan 2022Foodborne diseases are a neglected research area, and despite the existence of many tools for diagnosis and genetic studies, very little is known about the effect of the...
Foodborne diseases are a neglected research area, and despite the existence of many tools for diagnosis and genetic studies, very little is known about the effect of the landscape on the genetic diversity and presence of parasites. One of these foodborne disease is paragonimiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus Paragonimus, which is responsible for a high number of infections in humans and wild animals. The main Paragonimus sp reported in Mesoamerica is Paragonimus mexicanus, yet there are doubts about its correct identification as a unique species throughout the region. This, together with a lack of detailed knowledge about their ecology, evolution and differentiation, may complicate the implementation of control strategies across the Mesoamerican region. We had the goal of delimiting the species of P. mexicanus found throughout Mesoamerica and determining the effect of landscape and geology on the diversity and presence of the parasite. We found support for the delimitation of five genetic groups. The genetic differentiation among these groups was positively affected by elevation and the isolation of river basins, while the parasite's presence was affected negatively only by the presence of human settlements. These results suggest that areas with lower elevation, connected rivers basins, and an absence of human settlements have low genetic differentiation and high P. mexicanus presence, which may increase the risk of Paragonimus infection. These demonstrate the importance of accurate species delimitation and consideration of the effect of landscape on Paragonimus in the proposal of adequate control strategies. However, other landscape variables cannot be discarded, including temperature, rainfall regime, and spatial scale (local, landscape and regional). These additional variables were not explored here, and should be considered in future studies.
Topics: Animals; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rivers
PubMed: 34371019
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.010 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Jun 2021Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode infection. A rapid, reliable, and practical immunoassay, named dot immuno-gold filtration...
Human gnathostomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode infection. A rapid, reliable, and practical immunoassay, named dot immuno-gold filtration assay (DIGFA), was developed to supporting clinical diagnosis of gnathostomiasis. The practical tool detected anti-Gnathostoma-specific IgG4 in human serum using crude extract of third-stage larvae as antigen. The result of the test was shown by anti-human IgG4 monoclonal antibody conjugated colloidal gold. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were both 100% for detection in human sera from patients with gnathostomiasis (13/13) and from healthy negative controls (50/50), respectively. Cross-reactivity with heterogonous serum samples from patients with other helminthiases ranged from 0 (trichinosis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, and cysticercosis) to 25.0% (sparganosis), with an average of 6.3% (7/112). Moreover, specific IgG4 antibodies diminished at 6 months after treatment. This study showed that DIGFA for the detection of specific IgG4 in human sera could be a promising tool for the diagnosis of gnathostomiasis and useful for evaluating therapeutic effects.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Helminth; Gnathostoma; Gnathostomiasis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Paragonimiasis
PubMed: 34218597
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.257 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Sep 2021Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough,...
INTRODUCTION
Paragonimiasis, lung fluke disease caused by infection with species, is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. The overriding symptoms of infection include chronic cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic pain. Extrapulmonary paragonimiasis caused by aberrant parasitic migration is known to occur in a variety of sites such as the brain, abdominal wall, and intraperitoneal cavity. Ectopic paragonimiasis is an uncommon disease that presents with a few clinical manifestations, which makes it difficult to diagnose and treat.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 47-year-old man with an unremarkable medical and surgical history presented with a peritoneal lesion that was discovered incidentally on abdominal computed tomography during routine health screening. The patient did not exhibit any associated symptoms such as abdominal pain. The radiologic diagnosis was a gastric duplication cyst and we performed laparoscopic excision of the peritoneal mass. Histopathological examination revealed paragonimiasis, and the result of the skin test for paragonimiasis was positive. The patient was treated with praziquantel.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
The diagnosis of ectopic peritoneal paragonimiasis remains challenging due to inexperience, misdiagnosis, and its rarity. Clinicians should bear in mind that an intra-abdominal mass may be related to a parasitic infection. The detection of the ova of parasites in sputum and biopsy specimens may be difficult due to an insufficient amount.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians need to thoroughly take the patient's history and clinically suspect parasitic infections. Laparoscopic resection of this rare mass is safe, feasible, and allows for rapid recovery.
PubMed: 34484726
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102754 -
Pancreas Apr 2024A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas...
A few pediatric cases of abdominal paragonimiasis have been described. Here we describe a case of pulmonary and abdominal paragonimiasis with involvement of the pancreas in a 9-year-old boy. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological features of pancreatic paragonimiasis in children and raise the awareness of this disease.
Topics: Male; Humans; Child; Paragonimiasis; Lung; Radiography; Pancreas
PubMed: 38345919
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000002307 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Being among the few last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) has been used to treat severe infectious diseases, such as those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative...
Being among the few last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) has been used to treat severe infectious diseases, such as those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB). However, the appearance of colistin-resistant (COL-R) GNB has been frequently reported. Therefore, novel antimicrobial strategies need to be urgently sought to address this resistance challenge. In the present study, antimicrobial drug screening conducted revealed that bithionol (BT), approved by the Food and Drug Administration and used as an anthelminthic drug for paragonimiasis, exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect with COL. Clinically isolated COL-R GNB were used as candidates to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial activity. The results revealed that BT could significantly reverse the sensitivity of COL-R GNB to COL. Furthermore, the combined application of BT and COL can reduce bacterial biofilm formation and have a scavenging effect on the mature biofilm . The damage caused to the bacterial cell membrane integrity by the BT/COL combination was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species also increased in the experimental group. The BT/COL combination also exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect . Importantly, BT was confirmed to be safe at the highest concentrations that exerted synergistic effects on all tested strains. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that BT exerted synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects when combined with COL against MDR organisms, especially COL-R GNB, and . The findings thus provide a reference for the clinical response to the serious challenge of MDR GNB and the exploitation of the potential antibacterial activities of existing clinical non-antibacterial drugs.
Topics: United States; Colistin; Bithionol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Klebsiella pneumoniae
PubMed: 37458689
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00257 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Dec 2019Paragonimiasis is a parasite infection caused by several species of Paragonimus, a trematode that is transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked crabs and...
Paragonimiasis is a parasite infection caused by several species of Paragonimus, a trematode that is transmitted through the consumption of raw or undercooked crabs and that has been found in the subtropical areas of America, Asia and Africa. This infection mainly affects the lungs, causing clinical and radiological manifestations very similar to pulmonary tuberculosis, so it should always be included in the differential diagnosis. We present the case of a 7-year-old school patient, hospitalized with the diagnosis of pulmonary paragonimiasis, who had a favorable evolution after receiving treatment with triclabendazole.
Topics: Animals; Antiplatyhelmintic Agents; Child; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Triclabendazole
PubMed: 31758906
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2019.e659 -
American Journal of Translational... 2022Paragonimiasis (pulmonary fluke disease) is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by trematode infections. is a characteristic species that was first identified in...
Paragonimiasis (pulmonary fluke disease) is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by trematode infections. is a characteristic species that was first identified in Yunnan Province of China. No direct evidence has yet proven that can infect humans. However, we previously found that infects and damages rat lung tissues via an unclear mechanism. Here, we infected Sprague Dawley rats with and sequenced their lung transcriptomes at various intervals thereafter. We detected on the surface of rat lung tissues at 7 days post infection. It colonized by attaching and secreting dsRNA and utilized nutrients from the lung tissues for mitosis and meiosis and the dynein arm of lung tissues to develop symmetrical organs. The rats generated different types of immune responses that differed according to the stage of infection. We then analyzed responses to these immune strategies and the genes expressed during each stage of infection. Our findings provide a foundation for developing medical treatments for infection.
PubMed: 35702118
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jan 2021Diagnosis of pediatric paragonimiasis is difficult because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric...
Diagnosis of pediatric paragonimiasis is difficult because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. We retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric paragonimiasis in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2011 to May 2019. The confirmed diagnosis of paragonimiasis was based on positive anti-parasite serological tests from the local Center for Disease Control (CDC). A total of 11 patients (mean age: 7.7 ± 3.1, male-female ratio: 7:4) diagnosed as paragonimiasis were included. 81.8% were from endemic areas such as Sichuan and Yunnan, and 36% had a clear history of raw crab or crayfish consumption. The characteristic clinical features of pediatric paragonimiasis were eosinophilia (100%), pleural effusion (81.8%), hepatomegaly (54.5%), ascites (54.5%), and subcutaneous nodules (45.5%). Misdiagnosed with other diseases including tuberculosis (18.2%), pneumonia (9.1%), intracranial space-occupying lesions (9.1%) and brain abcess (9.1%) led to rehospitalization and prolonged hospitalization. For treatment, a 3-day course of 150 mg/kg praziquantel (PZQ) didn't show ideal treatment effectivity and 63.6% needed more than one course of PZQ, while triclabendazole in a total dose of 10 mg/kg had a better efficacy to stubborn manifestations. This study indicated that pediatric paragonimiasis was often misdiagnosed, and the treatment with a 3-day course of 150 mg/kg PZQ had a high rate of failure.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Child; Child Health; China; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Pleural Effusion; Praziquantel; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33479468
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81694-7 -
Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Aug 2022Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani infection, and migration to the brain results in cerebral paragonimiasis. Cerebral paragonimiasis...
Paragonimiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Paragonimus westermani infection, and migration to the brain results in cerebral paragonimiasis. Cerebral paragonimiasis is now extremely rare, but a few cases are still reported. A 48-year-old Japanese woman presented with right-hand convulsion, right-hand numbness, sputum, and fatigue. Chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple nodular lesions, and head computed tomography revealed a hemorrhagic lesion in the left motor cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple small ring-shaped lesions with surrounding edema. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated peripheral eosinophilia. We considered eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and started steroid treatment as a diagnostic therapy since we wanted to avoid cerebral lesion biopsy if possible. However, the patient underwent craniotomy surgery after steroid treatment for four months because a new intracerebral mass lesion had appeared. Trematode eggs were detected in the sample, and the final diagnosis was cerebral paragonimiasis. The patient was successfully treated with praziquantel. Cerebral paragonimiasis is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis if atypical intracranial hemorrhage and peripheral eosinophilia are observed.
Topics: Churg-Strauss Syndrome; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Steroids
PubMed: 35723635
DOI: 10.1111/neup.12841