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The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2022Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic trematode infection caused by Paragonimus spp. To determine the recent status of Paragonimus infections in wild animals, this study investigated Paragonimus spp. in 39 raccoon dogs and 54 Japanese badgers from March 2019 to January 2021 in Miyazaki Prefecture, and examined metacercariae in freshwater crabs. Triploid P. westermani was found in one raccoon dog (2.6%), and metacercariae were recovered from Eriocheir japonica captured near the infected animal collected. One Japanese badger (1.9%) harbored P. skrjabini miyazakii; this prevalence was lower than the approximately 30% that was reported in the 1970s. Results indicated that zoonotic Paragonimus was sporadically prevalent in wild animals. Further investigation in various animals is awaited to elucidate current wildlife reservoirs for those Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Japan; Mustelidae; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Raccoon Dogs
PubMed: 35110459
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0573 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Jul 2023Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this...
Paragonimiasis is an important but neglected foodborne trematodiasis caused by Paragonimus mexicanus in Costa Rica. Immunological techniques for diagnosing this parasitosis in humans do not exist in Central America. The objective of the present study was to use recombinant Paragonimus westermani cysteine protease 7 to standardize an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Paragonimus spp. Human sera positive for P. westermani, P. mexicanus, or Paragonimus spp., human sera infected with other helminths, as well as sera of healthy humans without parasitic infections, were analyzed. The sensitivity of the ELISA was 92.9%, and the specificity was 91.9%. This report is the first to describe the development of an ELISA for the diagnosis of Paragonimus spp. in Costa Rica and Central America. Using this ELISA in the health system of Costa Rica is recommended to detect infections.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Cysteine Proteases; Paragonimus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Costa Rica
PubMed: 37253437
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0452 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Dec 2019Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus . Although the most common site of infection is the pleuropulmonary area, the...
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic infection caused by lung flukes of the genus . Although the most common site of infection is the pleuropulmonary area, the parasite can also reach other parts of the body on its journey from the intestines to the lungs, ending up in locations such as the brain, abdomen, skin, and subcutaneous tissues. Ectopic paragonimiasis is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of this disease.
CASE SUMMARY
Here, we report a rare case of simultaneous breast and pulmonary paragonimiasis in a woman presenting painless breast mass and lung nodule with a history of eating raw trout. To confirm the diagnosis, serologic testing and tissue confirmation of the breast mass were performed. The patient was treated with surgical resection of the mass and praziquantel medication.
CONCLUSION
Ectopic paragonimiasis is difficult to diagnose due to the rarity of this disease. Thus, thorough history-taking and clinical suspicion of parasitic infection are important.
PubMed: 31911910
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i24.4292 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2021
PubMed: 33578009
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.012 -
Acta Tropica Sep 2022Paragonimiasis, which is caused by Paragonimus, is considered to be a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. The pathogenicity of Paragonimus...
Paragonimiasis, which is caused by Paragonimus, is considered to be a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. The pathogenicity of Paragonimus mainly manifests as mechanical damage and immunotoxicity caused by adult worms and larvae. However, microbiota associated with Paragonimus and potential disturbance of host microbiota after infection are unknown. Paragonimus proliferus is a rare species, and its successful infection rate in experimental rats is 100%. In the current study, we compared the microbial community in lung tissues, small intestine contents, and fecal samples from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with and without P. proliferus infection. To determine the impact of P. proliferus on the microbial community in rats, we identified the microbiota in adult worms of P. proliferus via high-throughput sequencing. Results showed dramatic differences in the composition of microbiota in lung tissues between infected and uninfected rats. Paragonimus metacercariae introduced both environmental and gut microbes into the lung tissues of rats. Many potentially pathogenic microbes were also found in the lung of infected rats. Paragonimus infection increased the chances of potentially pathogenic microbiota invading and colonizing the lungs. However, for the purpose of long-term parasitism, there might be a complex interrelationship between Paragonimus and microorganisms. Our study might shed lights on the understanding of the pathogenicity of Paragonimus.
Topics: Animals; Brachyura; Metacercariae; Microbiota; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 35779592
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106578 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Mar 2021Paragonimiasis or lung fluke disease is a typical food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with . The is a trematode that mainly infects the lungs of humans...
INTRODUCTION
Paragonimiasis or lung fluke disease is a typical food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with . The is a trematode that mainly infects the lungs of humans after eating an infected raw or undercooked crab or crayfish.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein we report a case of peritoneal Paragonimiasis in the gallbladder of a 58-year-old female from Rukum district of Nepal. It was an incidental diagnosis following routine histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen. She presented with the symptoms of abdominal pain, fever, cough, and had a history of consumption of partially cooked river crabs. She responded well to praziquantel and improved thereafter.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Ectopic paragonimiasis is a rare disease and it presents with few clinical symptoms so it is significantly difficult to make a diagnosis and treat the patients. Even if a sputum test and biopsy are performed, the ova or body of parasites may not be detectable due to insufficient amount of specimens. Therefore, thorough history taking should be given importance. The dietary history of partially cooked crab or crayfish should indicate towards a high suspicion of Paragonimiasis. Any such indication should be immediately confirmed, which in our case was done by routine histopathological examination of the cholecystectomy specimen.
CONCLUSION
We report the case of a patient with peritoneal paragonimiasis in the gallbladder. Ectopic paragonimiasis is hard to diagnose due to an ignorance of, misdiagnosis, and the rarity of this disease. Thus, thorough history-taking and clinical suspicion of parasitic infection is essential.
PubMed: 33664951
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.02.016 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Being among the few last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) has been used to treat severe infectious diseases, such as those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative...
Being among the few last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) has been used to treat severe infectious diseases, such as those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB). However, the appearance of colistin-resistant (COL-R) GNB has been frequently reported. Therefore, novel antimicrobial strategies need to be urgently sought to address this resistance challenge. In the present study, antimicrobial drug screening conducted revealed that bithionol (BT), approved by the Food and Drug Administration and used as an anthelminthic drug for paragonimiasis, exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect with COL. Clinically isolated COL-R GNB were used as candidates to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial activity. The results revealed that BT could significantly reverse the sensitivity of COL-R GNB to COL. Furthermore, the combined application of BT and COL can reduce bacterial biofilm formation and have a scavenging effect on the mature biofilm . The damage caused to the bacterial cell membrane integrity by the BT/COL combination was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species also increased in the experimental group. The BT/COL combination also exhibited a synergistic antibacterial effect . Importantly, BT was confirmed to be safe at the highest concentrations that exerted synergistic effects on all tested strains. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that BT exerted synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects when combined with COL against MDR organisms, especially COL-R GNB, and . The findings thus provide a reference for the clinical response to the serious challenge of MDR GNB and the exploitation of the potential antibacterial activities of existing clinical non-antibacterial drugs.
Topics: United States; Colistin; Bithionol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Klebsiella pneumoniae
PubMed: 37458689
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00257 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jul 2023Three dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and referred to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for management. The 3 dogs were diagnosed...
Three dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and referred to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for management. The 3 dogs were diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to paragonimosis. The diagnosis was made by visualization of adult trematodes during surgical exploration with histopathological confirmation in 1 dog, and detection of trematode eggs fecal sedimentation in the other 2 dogs. Two of the dogs developed unusual additional lesions, including hemoabdomen, muscle abscess, and abdominal adhesions. These were suspected to be secondary to aberrant fluke larval migration. All 3 dogs lived within a relatively small geographical area of Ontario and were hospitalized between December 2021 and March 2022. Each dog survived to discharge with surgical or medical management of the pneumothorax and treatment with a prolonged course of fenbendazole. Key clinical message: Paragonimosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for canine spontaneous pneumothorax in areas where is, or may be, endemic, or in dogs that have travelled to endemic areas - particularly if the patient has a history of cough or potential exposure to freshwater crayfish. Routine anthelmintic treatment does not prevent infection and standard fecal floatation methods may not detect the eggs. Therefore, diagnostic testing should include a fecal sedimentation test and thoracic radiographs to screen for .
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Pneumothorax; Ontario; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Disease Outbreaks; Dog Diseases
PubMed: 37397693
DOI: No ID Found -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Jul 2021Bacterial pneumonia is a common lung disorder, and the pathogenesis remain elusive. Parasitic infections of the lung are able to affect the respiratory system, and the...
Bacterial pneumonia is a common lung disorder, and the pathogenesis remain elusive. Parasitic infections of the lung are able to affect the respiratory system, and the clinical features could mimic tuberculosis and malignancy. Therefore, it is essential to identify parasitic pneumonia at early stage, and most cases are curable with medical intervention. In this study, one case of parasitic pneumonia was misdiagnosed as bacterial infection, revealing the importance of pathological biopsy and MDT, especially when clinical features are not typical and routine tests are not specific. Therefore, more paragonimiasis cases can be diagnosed more effectively by the clinicians and misdiagnose should be avoided in future clinical practice.
Topics: Diagnostic Errors; Humans; Lung; Paragonimiasis; Parasitic Diseases; Pneumonia, Bacterial
PubMed: 32827408
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic, food-borne trematode infection that affects 21 million people globally. Trematodes interact with their hosts via extracellular vesicles...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonotic, food-borne trematode infection that affects 21 million people globally. Trematodes interact with their hosts via extracellular vesicles (EV) that carry protein and RNA cargo. We analyzed EV in excretory-secretory products (ESP) released by Paragonimus kellicotti adult worms cultured in vitro (EV ESP) and EV isolated from lung cyst fluid (EV CFP) recovered from infected gerbils. The majority of EV were approximately 30-50 nm in diameter. We identified 548 P. kellicotti-derived proteins in EV ESP by mass spectrometry and 8 proteins in EV CFP of which 7 were also present in EV ESP. No parasite-derived proteins were reliably detected in EV isolated from plasma samples. A cysteine protease (MK050848, CP-6) was the most abundant protein found in EV CFP in all technical and biological replicates. Immunolocalization of CP-6 showed strong labeling in the tegument of P. kellicotti and in the adjacent cyst and lung tissue that contained worm eggs. It is likely that CP-6 present in EV is involved in parasite-host interactions. These results provide new insights into interactions between Paragonimus and their mammalian hosts, and they provide potential clues for development of novel diagnostic tools and treatments.
Topics: Animals; Proteome; Paragonimus; Cysts; Extracellular Vesicles; Gerbillinae; Lung
PubMed: 37608002
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39966-x