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European Journal of Pharmacology May 2023Psoriasis is an enduring, pruritic and papulosquamous skin ailment that poses a significant burden on public health. It is mainly characterized by hyperkeratosis,... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is an enduring, pruritic and papulosquamous skin ailment that poses a significant burden on public health. It is mainly characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, parakeratosis, scaly and erythematous plaques. Biomarkers like interleukin-17, interleukin-12 and -23 and tumor necrosis factor-α serve as key drivers of psoriatic pathogenesis. Triggered release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from various up-regulated pathways leads to psoriatic inflammation. Several target moieties like biologics, small molecules and herbal moieties play a fundamental role in the repression of pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biologics and small molecules engaged in the management of psoriasis have been emphasized in detail. An insight into nano-carrier interventions on herbal moieties and clinical aspects of psoriasis are also highlighted. This review emphasizes various pathological targets involved in psoriasis.
Topics: Humans; Cytokines; Biological Products; Psoriasis; Skin; Inflammation
PubMed: 36958476
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175668 -
Open Veterinary Journal Jan 2023Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms.
BACKGROUND
Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms.
AIM
This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genotyping analysis of local isolates.
METHODS
According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, IHC, and PCR assays.
RESULTS
Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV gene. According to detect the gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasias, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions.
CONCLUSION
The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Genotype; Papilloma; Papillomavirus Infections; Phylogeny
PubMed: 36777440
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i1.4 -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Jul 2023Intertriginous or flexural eruptions are common presenting problems in clinical practice, raising several differential diagnoses. A clinico-histopathological correlation...
Intertriginous or flexural eruptions are common presenting problems in clinical practice, raising several differential diagnoses. A clinico-histopathological correlation is important to establish a correct diagnosis when a clinical diagnosis cannot be ascertained. We here present a case of flaky erythematous eruptions in a female adult, with a final diagnosis of granular parakeratosis, involving nonflexural area mid-back (under bra cover) in addition to flexural zones of the groin, gluteal fold, inframammary fold and axilla. It seems that mechanism of pressure and friction as well as occlusion all play a part. Management with potent topical steroid and avoidance of inciting triggers offered resolution in 4 weeks in this case.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; New Zealand; Parakeratosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Axilla
PubMed: 37501251
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Jan 2022Diagnosing hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles is often challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines play an important role... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
IL-36α and IL-36γ expressions in the differential diagnosis of palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar eczema: A retrospective histopathologic and immunohistochemical study.
BACKGROUND
Diagnosing hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms and soles is often challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. Interleukin (IL)-36 cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
METHODS
We retrospectively re-evaluated hematoxylin-eosin-stained biopsy specimens of 30 patients with clinically diagnosed palmoplantar psoriasis (PP) and 30 patients with palmoplantar eczema (PE), and then performed IL-36α and IL-36γ immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Among the histopathologic features, thinning of the rete ridges and vertical alternation of parakeratosis and orthokeratosis had the highest positive predictive value (PPV) in diagnosing PP (72.7% and 69.3%, respectively). Immunohistochemically, patients with PP predominantly showed diffuse or focal strong expression with IL-36α and IL-36γ staining in the upper layers of the epidermis (86.7% and 83.3%, respectively). The comparison of the mean IL-36α and IL-36γ expression scores significantly differed between PP and PE (P < .001). Among all histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, diffuse strong expression of IL-36α and IL-36γ staining had the highest PPVs in favor of a diagnosis of PP (75% and 76.7%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that IL-36α and IL-36γ immunohistochemistry can be used in the differential diagnosis of PP and PE.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Eczema; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-1; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Skin
PubMed: 34289144
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14105 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Dec 2022Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) are rare disorders caused by mutations in the ATPase, Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca Transporting 2 (ATP2A2)...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) are rare disorders caused by mutations in the ATPase, Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca Transporting 2 (ATP2A2) and ATPase Ca Transporting Type 2C, Member 1 (ATP2C1) gene, respectively, which lead to a disturbance of calcium metabolism in keratinocytes. Clinically, this is reflected by an impairment of keratinization. Histologically, acantholysis with variable degrees of dyskeratosis and parakeratosis is observed. Both diseases can usually be differentiated clinically, histopathologically and genetically. However, their routine distinction might be challenging since some patients do not harbor ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 mutations. To solve this diagnostic challenge, we studied the differential expression of two proteins of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1), by immunohistochemistry.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Five individuals with ambiguous diagnostic findings and eight controls with an unambiguous diagnosis were studied clinically, histologically, genetically, and by immunohistochemistry for STIM1 and ORAI1.
RESULTS
DD patients consistently showed a cytoplasmic STIM1 expression while patients with HHD revealed a membrane-associated staining pattern. In contrast, ORAI1 did not show a differential expression pattern.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest subcellular compartmentalization of STIM1 as novel biomarker for the distinction of the two disorders.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Darier Disease; Keratinocytes; Pemphigus, Benign Familial; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 36442136
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14912 -
Cureus Jan 2023A man in his late 70s with a history of psoriasis and non-melanoma skin cancer presented with a progressive rash on his right thenar eminence. He first noticed it about...
A man in his late 70s with a history of psoriasis and non-melanoma skin cancer presented with a progressive rash on his right thenar eminence. He first noticed it about one year ago. He denied any pruritus in the affected region but did note some overlying skin breakdown. He had used topical betamethasone and calcipotriene cream in the past with minimal improvement. Physical examination revealed a pink atrophic plaque with linear hyperkeratotic borders and central fissuring on the right thenar eminence extending into the first webspace. A shave biopsy revealed hypokeratosis with a rim of surrounding hyperkeratosis and associated parakeratosis, basal keratinocyte atypia, and lichenoid inflammation. These histopathological features were consistent with circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis and central actinic keratosis. Circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis is often considered a benign entity, but there have been reports suggesting an association with premalignancy. The decision was made to treat with 5-fluorouracil and calcipotriene cream twice daily for six weeks. At his two-month follow-up, he endorsed a robust reaction, which was further suggestive of premalignant change. He had a near-complete resolution of the rash. This case features circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis and suggests a novel treatment option for patients who develop concomitant actinic keratosis.
PubMed: 36874763
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34401 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022To investigate the efficacy of indirubin combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in the treatment of psoriatic lesions in BALB/c mice and to...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy of indirubin combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in the treatment of psoriatic lesions in BALB/c mice and to explore the related mechanism of indirubin in the treatment of psoriasis.
METHODS
A BALB/c mouse psoriasis model induced by imiquimod was established and randomly divided into the control group, model group, indirubin group, hUC-MSCs group, and indirubin combined with hUC-MSCs group. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score was used to observe skin lesion changes in the psoriasis-like mouse model. The epidermal scale, the degree of keratinization, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-23 in serum of mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The PASI integral trend chart indicates that hUC-MSCs and indirubin and the combination of drugs could relieve the appearance of skin lesions and accelerate the recovery of skin lesions. The indirubin group had the best effect in improving the scale of skin lesions. HE staining showed that the number of parakeratosis cells in the three treatment groups was significantly reduced, the degree of erythrocyte extravasation dermis hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly lower than that in the model group, and the skin thickness and spleen index of the combined treatment group exhibited the most noticeable improvement. ELISA showed that the concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-23 in serum of mice in the hUC-MSCs treatment group, indirubin group, and combined administration group were all decreased compared with those in the model group, and the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-23 could be decreased significantly in the indirubin group.
CONCLUSIONS
Both hUC-MSCs and indirubin can effectively reduce psoriasis-like lesions in BALB/c mice, and the combined administration of these drugs has the best effect.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Umbilical Cord; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans
PubMed: 36466901
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033498 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... 2022Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC), rare disorder characterized by transepidermal elimination (TEE) of collagen fibers, is seen in adult diabetics....
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis (ARPC), rare disorder characterized by transepidermal elimination (TEE) of collagen fibers, is seen in adult diabetics. Genetic predisposition, familial aggregation, trauma, bites and scratching are implicated. Diabetics develop microvascular diseases leading to intense pruritus causing repeated micro trauma leading to necrosis of connective tissue of dermis, causing TEE. Isolated papules, plaques and nodules with central keratotic plugs, are mostly seen on extensor surfaces of limbs but trunk and face may be involved. Histopathology shows extrusion of abnormal collagen fibers through epidermis. Multiple treatment modalities show variable response. A 52 year old diabetic female had multiple, itchy, well defined, erythematous papules and plaques with central adherent crusting on lower back since 1 month. Histopathology showed cup shaped epidermal depression filled with plug of altered collagen, acanthotic epidermis with hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Underlying epidermis was thin with fine slits through which vertically oriented basophilic collagen fibers were extruded.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Collagen Diseases; Skin Diseases; Epidermis; Diabetes Mellitus; Collagen
PubMed: 36308201
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_333_21 -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2022Recently, various types of in vitro-reconstructed 3D skin models have been developed for drug testing and disease modeling. Herein, we structurally and functionally...
Recently, various types of in vitro-reconstructed 3D skin models have been developed for drug testing and disease modeling. Herein, we structurally and functionally validated a self-assembled reconstructed skin equivalent (RSE) and developed an IL-17a-induced in vitro psoriasis-like model using a self-assembled RSE. The tissue engineering approach was used to construct the self-assembled RSE. The dermal layer was generated using fibroblasts secreting their own ECM, and the epidermal layer was reconstructed by seeding keratinocytes on the dermal layer. To generate the psoriatic model, IL-17A was added to the culture medium during the air-liquid interface culture period. Self-assembled RSE resulted in a fully differentiated epidermal layer, a well-established basement membrane, and dermal collagen deposition. In addition, self-assembled RSE was tested for 20 reference chemicals according to the Performance Standard of OECD TG439 and showed overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 90%, and 95%, respectively. The IL-17a-treated psoriatic RSE model exhibited psoriatic epidermal characteristics, such as epidermal hyperproliferation, parakeratosis, and increased expression of KRT6, KRT17, hBD2, and S100A9. Thus, our results suggest that a self-assembled RSE that structurally and functionally mimics the human skin has a great potential for testing various drugs or cosmetic ingredients and modeling inflammatory skin diseases.
PubMed: 35745784
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061211 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology Apr 2023Spiny keratoderma (SpK) is a rare skin condition characterized by spine-like papules on the palms and soles. The condition is identified under several names such as... (Review)
Review
Spiny keratoderma (SpK) is a rare skin condition characterized by spine-like papules on the palms and soles. The condition is identified under several names such as "music box spine keratosis" and "palmoplantar filiform hyperkeratosis," creating ambiguity in the diagnostic and histopathologic features of the disease. In this study, we reviewed 84 cases of SpK to examine patient demographics, medical history, clinical and histopathological descriptions, and sporadic versus hereditary onset. Notably, the most used histopathological terms were "parakeratosis" and "hypogranulosis," and the most used clinical terms were "spine" and "hyperpigmented." The average age at presentation was 60.1 years with the majority of cases in males. Only 29.8% of cases were associated with a family history of SpK and underlying malignancies were present in 28.6% of cases. This review investigates the frequency of histopathologic and clinical terms used to describe SpK to provide insight into the clinical and histopathological characteristics of this rarely reported condition.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Skin; Parakeratosis; Keratosis, Actinic
PubMed: 36640046
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14392