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World Journal of Surgical Oncology Apr 2022Preliminary study results demonstrated parenchyma-sparing surgery (PSS) as an effective approach which allowed to remove colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic lesions...
BACKGROUND
Preliminary study results demonstrated parenchyma-sparing surgery (PSS) as an effective approach which allowed to remove colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic lesions within the central liver cites and increased the probability of the liver re-resections.
METHODS
The prospective analysis re-evaluation of the 185 CRC patients surgical treatment has been performed.
RESULTS
An overall 5-year survival (OS) of the 185 enrolled patients was 43 ± 7%, and the mean and median value for OS was 48.7 ± 1.9% and 55.2 ± 5 (95% CI: 44.4-66.1) months. The 5-year OS for CRC patients whose metastatic lesions were predominantly located within peripheral and central liver segments was 56 ± 8% and 27 ± 9%, respectively (p = 0.08). A 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of patients with peripheral and central liver cites metastatic lesions were 31 ± 7 % and 15 ± 7%, p = 0,12. And the DFS median was 34.2 and 46.5 months for R and R0 cohorts, respectively, p = 0.62.
CONCLUSIONS
Parenchyma-sparing surgery should be a priority pathway for complex treatment of patients with deeply located lesions of the right liver lobe.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study is registered in https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/registrationdetails/5ed9f60863e9bf0016624456/ , no. 5679.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Hepatectomy; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Prognosis
PubMed: 35430799
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02579-1 -
Pest Management Science Jan 2021Weed seeds in rice-wheat continuous cropping fields spread via flowing water during irrigation of the rice crop. However, the ability of their adaptation to water...
BACKGROUND
Weed seeds in rice-wheat continuous cropping fields spread via flowing water during irrigation of the rice crop. However, the ability of their adaptation to water dispersal and their structural mechanisms remain unclear. One hundred and ten species of weed seeds from 35 families were selected for this study. Seed slices were made through freeze sectioning to observe and assess the proportions of parenchyma, aerenchyma and lignified tissue. Microstructure and morphological traits, such as relative size and appendages were integrated into an analysis.
RESULTS
Multivariate statistical analysis showed that floating time was significantly positively correlated with the shape, aerenchyma and parenchyma of the weed seeds and negatively with lignified tissue. Cluster analysis divided all the tested seeds into four categories. The first category was super floating weeds, which had a large proportion of parenchyma or air chamber and floated on water surfaces for > 400 h, including 16 species; the second category was strong floating weeds, which had a flat shape, parenchyma or air chamber structures and floated for 120 to 400 h, including 17 species; the third category was floating weeds, which were usually dense in structure with a floating time < 120 h, including 78 species; the fourth category showed no floating ability with a large size and mass, and dense structures including seven species.
CONCLUSION
Most weeds had floating ability, which was closely related to the adaptability of their anatomical structures. This study takes an insight into understanding ecological adaptation of weeds and the sustainable ecological weed control through removing floating weed seeds.
Topics: Humans; Oryza; Plant Weeds; Seeds; Triticum; Weed Control
PubMed: 32770647
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6037 -
Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Sep 2022Resection of lung metastases with curative intention in selected patients is associated with prolonged survival. Laser-assisted resection of lung metastases results in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Resection of lung metastases with curative intention in selected patients is associated with prolonged survival. Laser-assisted resection of lung metastases results in complete resection of a high number of lung metastases, while preserving lung parenchyma. However, data concerning laser lung resections are scarce and contradictory. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the utility of laser-assisted pulmonary metastasectomy.
METHODS
An electronic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), complemented by manual searches in article references, was conducted to identify eligible studies.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies with a total of 1196 patients were included in this metanalysis. Laser-assisted surgery (LAS) for lung metastases is a safe procedure with a postoperative morbidity up to 24.2% and almost zero mortality. LAS resulted in the resection of a high number of lung metastases with reduction of the lung parenchyma loss in comparison with conventional resection methods. Survival was similar between LAS and conventional resections.
CONCLUSION
LAS allows radical lung-parenchyma saving resection of a high number of lung metastases with similar survival to conventional methods.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Metastasectomy; Laser Therapy; Lung; Lung Neoplasms
PubMed: 36290825
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100548 -
CEN Case Reports Feb 2023Pathologic evaluation of the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in tumor nephrectomy specimens is critical and can detect both renal-limited and systemic pathologies. We...
Pathologic evaluation of the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in tumor nephrectomy specimens is critical and can detect both renal-limited and systemic pathologies. We report the case of a 69-year-old Punjabi male who underwent cytoreductive nephrectomy for advanced renal cell carcinoma after immunotherapy. We detected clinically unexpected leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2) amyloidosis during pathologic analysis of the surrounding non-neoplastic renal parenchyma, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. LECT2 amyloidosis occurs predominantly in Hispanic patients and has only rarely been described in Punjabi patients. This case highlights the importance of careful pathologic evaluation of the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma of nephrectomy specimens and raises awareness that LECT2 amyloidosis can occur outside of the typical demographic of Hispanic patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Amyloidosis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Kidney Neoplasms; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
PubMed: 35986199
DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00728-9 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Constitutive photomorpogenic dwarf () is a pivotal enzyme gene for brassinolide (BR) synthesis and plays an important role in plant growth, including increasing plant...
Constitutive photomorpogenic dwarf () is a pivotal enzyme gene for brassinolide (BR) synthesis and plays an important role in plant growth, including increasing plant biomass and plant height, elongating cells, and promoting xylem differentiation. However, little is known about the function of the gene in sugar beet. In the current study, we isolated from L. (), which encodes protein localized in the nucleus, cell membrane, and cell wall. was strongly expressed in parenchyma cells and vascular bundles. The transgenic sugar beet overexpressing exhibited larger diameter than that of the wild type (WT), which mainly owing to the increased number and size of parenchyma cells, the enlarged lumen and area of vessel in the xylem. Additionally, overexpression of increased the synthesis of endogenous BR, causing changes in the content of endogenous auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) and accumulation of cellulose and lignin in cambium 1-4 rings of the taproot. These results suggest that can promote the biosynthesis of endogenous BR, improve cell wall components, promote the development of parenchyma cells and vascular bundle, thereby playing an important role in promoting the growth and development of sugar beet taproot.
PubMed: 37771491
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271329 -
Computers in Biology and Medicine Mar 2023Automatic segmentation of the lung parenchyma from computed tomography (CT) images is helpful for the subsequent diagnosis and treatment of patients. In this paper,...
Automatic segmentation of the lung parenchyma from computed tomography (CT) images is helpful for the subsequent diagnosis and treatment of patients. In this paper, based on a deep learning algorithm, a lung dense attention network (LDANet) is proposed with two mechanisms: residual spatial attention (RSA) and gated channel attention (GCA). RSA is utilized to weight the spatial information of the lung parenchyma and suppress feature activation in irrelevant regions, while the weights of each channel are adaptively calibrated using GCA to implicitly predict potential key features. Then, a dual attention guidance module (DAGM) is designed to maximize the integration of the advantages of both mechanisms. In addition, LDANet introduces a lightweight dense block (LDB) that reuses feature information and a positioned transpose block (PTB) that realizes accurate positioning and gradually restores the image resolution until the predicted segmentation map is generated. Experiments are conducted on two public datasets, LIDC-IDRI and COVID-19 CT Segmentation, on which LDANet achieves Dice similarity coefficient values of 0.98430 and 0.98319, respectively, outperforming a state-of-the-art lung segmentation model. Additionally, the effectiveness of the main components of LDANet is demonstrated through ablation experiments.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Algorithms; Thorax; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Lung; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 36791550
DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106659 -
American Journal of Botany Jan 2021The xylem tissue of plants performs three principal functions: transport of water, support of the plant body, and nutrient storage. Tradeoffs may arise because different...
PREMISE
The xylem tissue of plants performs three principal functions: transport of water, support of the plant body, and nutrient storage. Tradeoffs may arise because different structural requirements are associated with different functions or because suites of traits are under selection that relate to resource acquisition, use, and turnover. The structural and functional basis of xylem storage is not well established. We hypothesized that greater starch storage would be associated with greater sapwood parenchyma and reduced fibers, which would compromise resistance to xylem tensions during dehydration.
METHODS
We measured cavitation resistance, minimum water potential, starch content, and sapwood parenchyma and fiber area in 30 species of southern California chaparral shrubs (evergreen and deciduous).
RESULTS
We found that species storing greater starch within their xylem tended to avoid dehydration and were less cavitation resistant, and this was supported by phylogenetic independent contrasts. Greater sapwood starch was associated with greater parenchyma area and reduced fiber area. For species without living fibers, the associations with parenchyma were stronger, suggesting that living fibers may expand starch storage capacity while also contributing to the support function of the vascular tissue. Drought-deciduous species were associated with greater dehydration avoidance than evergreens.
CONCLUSIONS
Evolutionary forces have led to an association between starch storage and dehydration resistance as part of an adaptive suite of traits. We found evidence for a tradeoff between tissue mechanical traits and starch storage; moreover, the evolution of novel strategies, such as starch-storing living fibers, may mitigate the strength of this tradeoff.
Topics: Dehydration; Droughts; Humans; Phylogeny; Starch; Water; Xylem
PubMed: 33349932
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1586 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, is a life-threatening emergency that is associated with substantial morbidity and...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, is a life-threatening emergency that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests involvement of the innate immune response in secondary brain injury, and a potential role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) for SAH-associated neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of NETs in SAH and the potential role of the RNase A (the bovine equivalent to human RNase 1) application on NET burden. A total number of =81 male C57Bl/6 mice were operated utilizing a filament perforation model to induce SAH, and Sham operation was performed for the corresponding control groups. To confirm the bleeding and exclude stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, the animals received MRI after 24h. Mice were treated with intravenous injection of RNase A (42μg/kg body weight) or saline solution for the control groups, respectively. Quadruple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for cell nuclei (DAPI), F-actin (phalloidin), citrullinated H3, and neurons (NeuN) was analyzed by confocal imaging and used to quantify NET abundance in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and brain parenchyma. To quantify NETs in human SAH patients, cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from day 1, 2, 7, and 14 after bleeding onset were analyzed for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Sytox Green. Neutrophil extracellular traps are released upon subarachnoid hemorrhage in the SAS on the ipsilateral bleeding site 24h after ictus. Over time, NETs showed progressive increase in the parenchyma on both ipsi- and contralateral site, peaking on day 14 in periventricular localization. In CSF and blood samples of patients with aneurysmal SAH, NETs also increased gradually over time with a peak on day 7. RNase application significantly reduced NET accumulation in basal, cortical, and periventricular areas. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation following SAH originates in the ipsilateral SAS of the bleeding site and spreads gradually over time to basal, cortical, and periventricular areas in the parenchyma within 14days. Intravenous RNase application abrogates NET burden significantly in the brain parenchyma, underpinning a potential role in modulation of the innate immune activation after SAH.
PubMed: 34603082
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724611 -
Journal of Plant Physiology Oct 2021Along with the increase in size required for optimal colonization of terrestrial niches, channels for bidirectional bulk transport of materials in land plants evolved... (Review)
Review
Along with the increase in size required for optimal colonization of terrestrial niches, channels for bidirectional bulk transport of materials in land plants evolved during a period of about 100 million years. These transport systems are essentially still in operation - though perfected over the following 400 million years - and make use of hydrostatic differentials. Substances are accumulated or released at the loading and unloading ends, respectively, of the transport channels. The intermediate stretch between the channel termini is bifunctional and executes orchestrated release and retrieval of solutes. Analyses of anatomical and physiological data demonstrate that the release/retrieval zone extends deeper into sources and sinks than is commonly thought and covers usually much more than 99% of the translocation stretch. This review sketches the significance of events in the intermediate stretch for distribution of organic materials over the plant body. Net leakage from the channels does not only serve maintenance and growth of tissues along the pathway, but also diurnal, short-term or seasonal storage of reserve materials, and balanced distribution of organic C- and N-compounds over axial and terminal sinks. Release and retrieval are controlled by plasma-membrane transporters at the vessel/parenchyma interface in the contact pits along xylem vessels and by plasma-membrane transporters at the interface between companion cells and phloem parenchyma along sieve tubes. The xylem-to-phloem pathway vice versa is a bifacial, radially oriented system comprising a symplasmic pathway, of which entrance and exit are controlled at specific membrane checkpoints, and a parallel apoplasmic pathway. A broad range of specific sucrose and amino-acid transporters are deployed at the checkpoint plasma membranes. SUCs, SUTs, STPs, SWEETs, and AAPs, LTHs, CATs are localized to the plasma membranes in question, both in monocots and eudicots. Presence of Umamits in monocots is uncertain. There is some evidence for endo- and exocytosis at the vessel/parenchyma interface supplementary to the transporter-mediated uptake and release. Actions of transporters at the checkpoints are equally decisive for storage and distribution of amino acids and sucrose in monocots and eudicots, but storage and distribution patterns may differ between both taxa. While the majority of reserves is sequestered in vascular parenchyma cells in dicots, lack of space in monocot vasculature urges "outsourcing" of storage in ground parenchyma around the translocation path. In perennial dicots, specialized radial pathways (rays) include the sites for seasonal alternation of storage and mobilization. In dicots, apoplasmic phloem loading and a correlated low rate of release along the path would favour supply with photoassimilates of terminal sinks, while symplasmic phloem loading and a correlated higher rate of release along the path favours supply of axial sinks and transfer to the xylem. The balance between the resource acquisition by terminal and axial sinks is an important determinant of relative growth rate and, hence, for the fitness of plants in various habitats. Body enlargement as the evolutionary drive for emergence of vascular systems and mass transport propelled by hydrostatic differentials.
Topics: Amino Acids; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Membrane Transport Proteins; Phloem; Sucrose; Xylem
PubMed: 34416599
DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153488 -
Research (Washington, D.C.) 2023Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the brain. However, it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also...
Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the brain. However, it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also extend deep into the brain parenchyma and whether the vessels could be regulated by stressful life events. We used tissue clearing techniques, immunostaining, light-sheet whole-brain imaging, confocal imaging in thick brain sections and flow cytometry to demonstrate the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma. Chronic unpredictable mild stress or chronic corticosterone treatment was used to examine the regulation of brain lymphatic vessels by stressful events. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were used to provide mechanistic insights. We demonstrated the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma and characterized their features in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brainstem. Furthermore, we showed that deep brain lymphatic vessels can be regulated by stressful life events. Chronic stress reduced the length and areas of lymphatic vessels in the hippocampus and thalamus but increased the diameter of lymphatic vessels in the amygdala. No changes were observed in prefrontal cortex, lateral habenula, or dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronic corticosterone treatment reduced lymphatic endothelial cell markers in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, chronic stress might reduce hippocampal lymphatic vessels by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C receptors and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C neutralization mechanisms. Our results provide new insights into the characteristic features of deep brain lymphatic vessels, as well as their regulation by stressful life events.
PubMed: 37223470
DOI: 10.34133/research.0120