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Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Feb 2020Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired...
BACKGROUND
Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and also studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on bone cell viability.
METHODS
Spongious bone chips and parietal bone disks were harvested from rats. Explants were incubated in stem cell media containing 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mM ketamine. After 3 days of incubation, tetrazolium-based spectrophotometric assay was performed to measure cell viability. Size-specific dose estimation was used to calculate ionizing radiation of computed tomography imaging.
RESULTS
We found that ketamine supplementation with 0.2 mM slightly decreased cell viability, while 2 mM caused significant reduction both in the spongious and cortical explants. The cumulative ionizing radiation was found to be negligible compared to irradiation dosages used to impair ossification.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that multiple ketamine administration was responsible for the diminished regenerative potential of bone tissue in the present experimental setup. For this reason, we suggest that ketamine anesthesia should be avoided in studies investigating bone regeneration.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ketamine; Male; Parietal Bone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32046745
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-1579-x -
Skeletal Radiology Aug 2021Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor and usually involves the long bones. Osteosarcoma of the skull, on the other hand, is relatively rare. Here, we...
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor and usually involves the long bones. Osteosarcoma of the skull, on the other hand, is relatively rare. Here, we present a 29-year-old man with a growing mass in the skull he first noticed after a fall while skateboarding. The initial clinical diagnosis was hematoma. While undergoing an evacuation surgery for a hematoma, a suspicious mass was detected which was biopsied. Histopathological evaluation showed high-grade osteosarcoma. The patient was referred to our hospital where he underwent definitive resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. His course was complicated by wound infection. Even though osteosarcoma of the skull is a rare finding, it should be suspected in a patient with a skull mass, and the history of prior head trauma does not exclude the diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Osteosarcoma; Parietal Bone; Sarcoma; Skull Neoplasms
PubMed: 33604706
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03726-7 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2021A female infant presented at 31 days of life following a head injury with concerning features for non-accidental injury. Examination revealed a noticeable depression in...
A female infant presented at 31 days of life following a head injury with concerning features for non-accidental injury. Examination revealed a noticeable depression in the left temporoparietal region with a concave depression of the left parietal bone on CT imaging. After careful consideration of the history and examination findings, along with standard investigations for non-accidental injury, the infant was diagnosed with faulty fetal packing (also known as congenital vault depression). The defect had almost completely resolved by follow-up at 5 months. This case represented a diagnostic conundrum not previously reported in the literature.
Topics: Bandages; Craniocerebral Trauma; Female; Humans; Infant; Parietal Bone
PubMed: 34059535
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240302 -
Surgical Neurology International 2022Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report...
BACKGROUND
Calvarial bone thinning is a rare clinical entity, with only several cases reported (including Gorham-Stout disease), but the cause is often unknown. Here, we report such a case of unilateral calvarial thinning with an unknown cause.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 77-year-old woman undergoing imaging examination for unruptured cerebral aneurysms for the past several years noticed a progressive cranial deformity. Computed tomography revealed progressive thinning of the right parietal bone and cranial deformity but laboratory tests showed no causative findings. A cranioplasty was performed to protect the brain and confirm the pathology. Grossly, pigmentation and deformity were observed on the outer plate of the bone but the inner plate was intact. Pathological examination revealed preserved bone cells and no necrosis. In addition, there were no findings of vascular hyperplasia or malignancy. It appeared that localized osteoporosis had occurred, mainly in the outer plate of the bone, but the cause was unclear.
CONCLUSION
Progressive focal calvarial thinning is rarely reported and the mechanism in this case was unknown. It is important to determine the cause of the bone thinning to evaluate the need for surgical intervention from the viewpoint of brain protection and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
PubMed: 36447892
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_789_2022 -
Nutrients Jan 2021Micronutrient deficiencies are relatively common, in particular iron and cobalamin deficiency, and may potentially lead to life-threatening clinical consequences when... (Review)
Review
Micronutrient deficiencies are relatively common, in particular iron and cobalamin deficiency, and may potentially lead to life-threatening clinical consequences when not promptly recognized and treated, especially in elderly patients. The stomach plays an important role in the homeostasis of some important hematopoietic micronutrients like iron and cobalamin, and probably in others equally important such as ascorbic acid, calcium, and magnesium. A key role is played by the corpus oxyntic mucosa composed of parietal cells whose main function is gastric acid secretion and intrinsic factor production. Gastric acid secretion is necessary for the digestion and absorption of cobalamin and the absorption of iron, calcium, and probably magnesium, and is also essential for the absorption, secretion, and activation of ascorbic acid. Several pathological conditions such as -related gastritis, corpus atrophic gastritis, as well as antisecretory drugs, and gastric surgery may interfere with the normal functioning of gastric oxyntic mucosa and micronutrients homeostasis. Investigation of the stomach by gastroscopy plus biopsies should always be considered in the management of patients with micronutrient deficiencies. The current review focuses on the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of gastric acid secretion and the role of the stomach in iron, cobalamin, calcium, and magnesium deficiency and ascorbate homeostasis.
Topics: Achlorhydria; Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Calcium; Deficiency Diseases; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Dysbiosis; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Hemorrhage; Humans; Micronutrients; Stomach Diseases; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 33450823
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010208 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Dec 2022Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with infiltration into organs locally or diffusely. Most cases occur in children....
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferation of dendritic mononuclear cells with infiltration into organs locally or diffusely. Most cases occur in children. LCH can also present as chronic otitis media and otitis externa due to involvement of the mastoid and petrous portions of the temporal bone with partial obstruction of the auditory canal. A 4 year old male child presented with complaints of bilateral ear discharge for 4 months and inability to walk and giddiness for 2 days. On otoscopic examination, in right ear, polypoidal tissue was present in the external auditory canal which bled on touch. CECT head and MRI brain was done which showed large altered intensities in the region of bilateral external and middle ears involving the temporal bone. It also showed a well defined ovoid expansile lesion involving the skull vault in left high parietal region. Biopsy was taken from the polypoidal tissue in the right EAC which on HPE showed features suspicious for LCH. On IHC, the tissue was found out to be immunoreactive for CD 68, CD 1a and S-100 with score of 4+ for all three of the IHC markers. Patient was later put on chemotherapy and steroids which resulted in disease remission.
PubMed: 36742476
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02431-0 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Mar 2020Although fractures occur in various bones, including long, short, and flat bones, fracture repair investigations focus on the diaphysis of the long bone. The cell...
OBJECTIVES
Although fractures occur in various bones, including long, short, and flat bones, fracture repair investigations focus on the diaphysis of the long bone. The cell composition, osteogenic capacity, and bone matrix differ among osteogenesis patterns. However, the differences in the bone repair process have not been studied. Here, we compared the bone repair processes in the parietal bone and scapula of adolescent mice.
METHODS
Bone apertures were created in the parietal bone and scapula. Samples were collected at indicated times after surgery, and the repair process was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, histological, immunohistochemical, and mRNA expression analyses.
RESULTS
In both repair processes, cartilage formation was not detected on the periosteum side. The parietal bone aperture was gradually filled with newly formed bone produced from the edge of the aperture by day 14 but was not completely repaired even by day 49. In the scapula, a bony callus was detected on the periosteum at day 7, and the aperture was bridged by day 14. Subsequently, the bony callus was remodeled to the original bone architecture. Alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin synthesis occurred earlier in the repair region of the scapular periosteum, compared with that in the parietal periosteum. The mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in the periosteum was markedly upregulated in the scapula versus the parietal bone.
CONCLUSION
Our study findings clarify the differences between parietal bone and scapula repair and suggest that the bone repair process differs among ossification patterns.
Topics: Animals; Bony Callus; Fracture Healing; Mice; Osteogenesis; Periosteum; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 32084542
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.01.007 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: Estimate the prevalence of the parietal foramen in the adult human skulls of Ukrainian origin, and study its morphology and relationships to main anatomical... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The aim: Estimate the prevalence of the parietal foramen in the adult human skulls of Ukrainian origin, and study its morphology and relationships to main anatomical landmarks of the skull.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study of PF was conducted with 42 random cadaveric adult human skull roofs (calvaria) collected from the laboratory and museum of Human Anatomy Department, Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine. The patency and the length of the PF canal were determined, and PF external/internal diameters and the distance to the calvarial landmarks from PF were measured using the caliper. Mean and standard deviation were calculated to compare with the existing data.
RESULTS
Results: In the present study 85.7% (n = 36) of the calvaria had the PF, 54.8% (n = 23) had bilateral location of PF, 30.9% (n = 13) had unilateral presence of PF (right side: 23.8%, n=10 and left side: 7.1%, n=3), and 14.3 % (n = 6) demonstrated bilateral absence of PF.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: An anatomical variation in parietal foramen is not uncommon, and the differences can be based on multiple factors like geography and race. It is important to have detailed information on anatomical variations in different population groups to facilitate surgical and radiological interventions.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Museums; Sphenoid Bone; Ukraine
PubMed: 35962674
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202207106 -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... Oct 2019In patients with meningiomas, the presence of skull invasion is known to be a predictor of aggressive clinical behavior, which may negatively influence patient outcomes....
In patients with meningiomas, the presence of skull invasion is known to be a predictor of aggressive clinical behavior, which may negatively influence patient outcomes. In the present report, we discuss a case of fibrous meningioma with skull invasion. A 42-year-old woman was referred to our department presenting with hyperostosis in the right parietal bone. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium enhancement revealed prominent enhancement of the intraosseous lesion and dura mater. Following the removal of the tumor body and bone lesion, we performed immunohistochemical staining for osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase- 2 (MMP2), and integrin β-1 (CD29). The tumor body was immunoreactive for OPN and CD29, but not MMP2, whereas, the bone lesion was immunoreactive for all the three antigens. The present case suggests that OPN, MMP2, and CD29 play key regulatory roles in bone invasion.
PubMed: 31831993
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399600 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Jul 2021The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical features encountered in the parietal foramen in a series of 178 human bones and 123 head MRI examinations. A... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical features encountered in the parietal foramen in a series of 178 human bones and 123 head MRI examinations. A cadaveric specimen was also dissected to demonstrate the trajectory of a superficial scalp vein through the parietal foramen as far as the dura mater. A literature review was performed regarding prevalence of parietal foramen in different populations.
METHODS
Totally, 178 paired adult bones were used to investigate the presence, shape and number of the parietal foramina. In addition, 123 brain MRI examinations were also studied.
RESULTS
The parietal foramina were encountered in 75/89 (84.3%) skulls [32/38 (84.2%) in women vs. 43/51 (84.3%) in men, p > 0.05]. The parietal foramen was present bilaterally in 44.73% of females and 54.9% of males. Regarding unilaterality of the parietal foramen, a right or left laterality was observed in female 21% right versus 18% left; and 16% versus 14% (left) in males (p > 0.05). The accessory parietal foramen was present in the right parietal in 2.6% and in 7.9% on the left side of the females, while 5.9% and 3.9% of the males on the right or left sides, respectively. The parietal foramina located in the proximity of the sagittal suture (male 7.1 ± 2.5 mm vs. female, 7.4 ± 2.7 mm). There was a positive correlation between the right and left parietal foramina regarding the distance from the median line. The distance from a foramen to the contralateral one was 16 ± 4 mm in men and 18 ± 5 mm in women, respectively (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
No major differences were encountered between sexes regarding the anatomical features of parietal foramen.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anatomic Variation; Cadaver; Dissection; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parietal Bone; Prevalence; Scalp; Veins; Young Adult
PubMed: 33399919
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02650-0