-
Movement Disorders : Official Journal... Aug 2019Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the... (Review)
Review
Studies of the pathophysiology of parkinsonism (specifically akinesia and bradykinesia) have a long history and primarily model the consequences of dopamine loss in the basal ganglia on the function of the basal ganglia/thalamocortical circuit(s). Changes of firing rates of individual nodes within these circuits were originally considered central to parkinsonism. However, this view has now given way to the belief that changes in firing patterns within the basal ganglia and related nuclei are more important, including the emergence of burst discharges, greater synchrony of firing between neighboring neurons, oscillatory activity patterns, and the excessive coupling of oscillatory activities at different frequencies. Primarily focusing on studies obtained in nonhuman primates and human patients with Parkinson's disease, this review summarizes the current state of this field and highlights several emerging areas of research, including studies of the impact of the heterogeneity of external pallidal neurons on parkinsonism, the importance of extrastriatal dopamine loss, parkinsonism-associated synaptic and morphologic plasticity, and the potential role(s) of the cerebellum and brainstem in the motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain Stem; Brain Waves; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Dopamine; Electroencephalography; Globus Pallidus; Haplorhini; Humans; Neostriatum; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Pars Compacta; Thalamus
PubMed: 31216379
DOI: 10.1002/mds.27741 -
Neurodegenerative Disease Management Apr 2023To quantify and provide an overview on the scientific productivity made by Moroccan academics in the research on Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism. Scientific... (Review)
Review
To quantify and provide an overview on the scientific productivity made by Moroccan academics in the research on Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonism. Scientific articles, in either English or French, were gathered from published literature in three recognized databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus. We identified 95 published papers from which 39 articles have been extracted after removing inadequate publications and duplications between databases. All articles were published between 2006 and 2021. The selected articles were subdivided into five categories. The Moroccan academia is presently facing a low productivity issues and a lack of research laboratories focusing on PD research. We anticipate that providing more budgetary funds will significantly improve the productivity of PD research.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Morocco; Parkinsonian Disorders; Bibliometrics; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 36803100
DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0021 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Feb 2022Secondary parkinsonism, namely parkinsonism due to causes other than idiopathic neurodegeneration, may have multiple etiologies. Common secondary etiologies of... (Review)
Review
Secondary parkinsonism, namely parkinsonism due to causes other than idiopathic neurodegeneration, may have multiple etiologies. Common secondary etiologies of parkinsonism such as drug-induced or vascular etiologies are well documented. Other secondary causes of parkinsonism such as infectious (mainly viral and prion-like diseases), autoimmune (systemic/drug-induced) and paraneoplastic etiologies are rare but are a topic of increasing interest. Older examples from the existing literature demonstrate the intricacies of viral infection from the last pandemic of the 20th century on the development of hypokinetic symptoms experienced in post-encephalitic patients. Viral and prion-like infections are only part of a complex interplay between the body's immune response and aberrant cell cycle perturbations leading to malignancy. In addition to the classic systemic autoimmune diseases (mainly systemic lupus erythematosus - SLE, and Sjögren syndrome), there have been new developments in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as more prominent use of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors. Both of these developments have deepened our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic process. Increased awareness and understanding of these rarer etiologies of parkinsonism is crucial to the modern diagnostic evaluation of a patient with parkinsonian symptoms as the potential treatment options may differ from the conventional levodopa-based therapeutic regimen of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. This review article aims to give an up-to-date review of the current literature on parkinsonian symptoms, their pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and available treatment options. Many potential future directions in the field of parkinsonian conditions remain to be explored. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Pandemics; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34629181
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120014 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Oct 2023Parkinsonism is a syndrome characterized by bradykinesia in combination with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both. These features are the cardinal manifestations of... (Review)
Review
Parkinsonism is a syndrome characterized by bradykinesia in combination with either rest tremor, rigidity, or both. These features are the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease, the most common cause of parkinsonism, and atypical parkinsonian disorders. However, parkinsonism can be a manifestation of complex neurological and neurodegenerative genetically determined disorders, which have a vast and heterogeneous motor and non-motor phenotypic features. Hereditary dementias, adult-onset ataxias and spastic paraplegias represent only few of this vast group of neurogenetic diseases. This review will provide an overview of parkinsonism's clinical features within adult-onset neurogenetic diseases which a neurologist could face with. Understanding parkinsonism and its characteristics in the context of the aforementioned neurological conditions may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and have important clinical implications, including diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Parkinsonian Disorders; Paraplegia; Parkinson Disease; Ataxia; Dementia
PubMed: 37648940
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07044-9 -
Bipolar Disorders Jun 2020
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders
PubMed: 31954093
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12888 -
Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna,... Sep 2022Parkinsonism secondary to viral infections is not an uncommon occurrence and has been brought under the spotlight with the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome... (Review)
Review
Parkinsonism secondary to viral infections is not an uncommon occurrence and has been brought under the spotlight with the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A variety of viruses have been described with a potential of inducing or contributing to the occurrence of parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease (PD), although the relationship between the two remains a matter of debate originating with the description of encephalitis lethargica in the aftermath of the Spanish flu in 1918. While some viral infections have been linked to an increased risk for the development of PD, others seem to have a causal link with the occurrence of parkinsonism. Here, we review the currently available evidence on viral-induced parkinsonism with a focus on potential pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features. We also review the evidence on viral infections as a risk factor for developing PD and the link between SARS-CoV-2 and parkinsonism, which might have important implications for future research and treatments.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; SARS-CoV-2; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 36036863
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02536-y -
Journal of Religion and Health Dec 2023This issue of JORH presents the first of a two-part series specifically exploring suicide. Research relating to moral injury is also included-a topic which has...
This issue of JORH presents the first of a two-part series specifically exploring suicide. Research relating to moral injury is also included-a topic which has previously been discussed within earlier editions of JORH and an issue that is increasingly recognised as being associated with suicide. Other topic areas explored within this issue are Parkinson's Disease, Diabetes, and Haemodialysis. Finally, readers are once again reminded of the 9th European Congress on Religion, Spirituality and Health (ECRSH) to be held in May 2024, 16-18th at the Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Austria. We would also like to announce a proposed inaugural International Moral Injury and Wellbeing Conference (IMIWC), 19-20 September 2024, Brisbane Exhibition and Convention Centre, Australia.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Parkinson Disease; Renal Dialysis; Suicide; Diabetes Mellitus; Spirituality; Religion
PubMed: 37947998
DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01940-2 -
The Genetic Landscape of Parkinsonism-Related Dystonias and Atypical Parkinsonism-Related Syndromes.International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021In recent decades, genetic research has nominated promising pathways and biological insights contributing to the etiological landscape of parkinsonism-related dystonias... (Review)
Review
In recent decades, genetic research has nominated promising pathways and biological insights contributing to the etiological landscape of parkinsonism-related dystonias and atypical parkinsonism-related syndromes. Several disease-causing mutations and genetic risk factors have been unraveled, providing a deeper molecular understanding of the complex genetic architecture underlying these conditions. These disorders are difficult to accurately diagnose and categorize, thus making genetics research challenging. On one hand, dystonia is an umbrella term linked to clinically heterogeneous forms of disease including dopa-responsive dystonia, myoclonus-dystonia, rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism and dystonia-parkinsonism, often viewed as a precursor to Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, atypical parkinsonism disorders, such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy and corticobasal degeneration, are rare in nature and represent a wide range of diverse and overlapping phenotypic variabilities, with genetic research limited by sample size availability. The current review summarizes the plethora of available genetic information for these diseases, outlining limits and future directions.
Topics: Dystonia; Humans; Multiple System Atrophy; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
PubMed: 34360863
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158100 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Jul 2023Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is recently linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), where the key genes and molecules involved are still yet to be...
Ferroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that is recently linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), where the key genes and molecules involved are still yet to be defined. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) esterifies polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which is essential to trigger ferroptosis, and is suggested as a key gene in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases including ischemic stroke and multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that ACSL4 expression in the substantia nigra (SN) was increased in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated model of PD and in dopaminergic neurons in PD patients. Knockdown of ACSL4 in the SN protected against dopaminergic neuronal death and motor deficits in the MPTP mice, while inhibition of ACSL4 activity with Triacsin C similarly ameliorated the parkinsonism phenotypes. Similar effects of ACSL4 reduction were observed in cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) and it specifically prevented the lipid ROS elevation without affecting the mitochondrial ROS changes. These data support ACSL4 as a therapeutic target associated with lipid peroxidation in PD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Apoptosis; Dopaminergic Neurons; Lipids; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Parkinson Disease; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phenotype; Reactive Oxygen Species; Humans
PubMed: 37133631
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01382-4 -
Journal of Neurology Dec 2021In March 2020, WHO declared Covid-19 outbreak pandemic. There has been increasing evidence that frail, old, multi-pathological patients are at greater risk of developing... (Review)
Review
In March 2020, WHO declared Covid-19 outbreak pandemic. There has been increasing evidence that frail, old, multi-pathological patients are at greater risk of developing severe Covid-19 infection than younger, healthy ones. Covid-19's impact on Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients could be analysed through both the influence on PD patients' health and their risk of developing severe Covid-19, and the consequences of lockdown and restrictive measures on mental and cognitive health on both patients and caregivers. Moreover, there are critical issues to be considered about patients' care and management through an unprecedented time like this. One important issue to consider is physiotherapy, as most patients cannot keep exercising because of restrictive measures which has profoundly impacted on their health. Lastly, the relationship between PD and Sars-Cov2 may be even more complicated than it seems as some studies have hypothesized a possible Covid-19-induced parkinsonism. Hereby, we review the state of the art about the relationship between Covid-19 and Parkinson's Disease, focusing on each of these five points.
Topics: COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Parkinson Disease; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34313818
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10721-4