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Crisis Sep 2020Concerns exist regarding the perceived risks of conducting suicide-focused research among an acutely distressed population. The current study assessed changes in...
Concerns exist regarding the perceived risks of conducting suicide-focused research among an acutely distressed population. The current study assessed changes in participant distress before and after participation in a suicide-focused research study conducted on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Participants included 37 veterans who were receiving treatment on a psychiatric inpatient unit and completed a survey-based research study focused on suicide-related behaviors and experiences. Participants reported no significant changes in self-reported distress. The majority of participants reported unchanged or decreased distress. Reviews of electronic medical records revealed no behavioral dysregulation and minimal use of as-needed medications or changes in mood following participation. The study's small sample size and veteran population may limit generalizability. Findings add to research conducted across a variety of settings (i.e., outpatient, online, laboratory), indicating that participating in suicide-focused research is not significantly associated with increased distress or suicide risk.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Female; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Hospitals, Veterans; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Psychological Distress; Research; Research Subjects; Suicide; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans; Young Adult
PubMed: 32036704
DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000650 -
Trauma, Violence & Abuse Jul 2023Despite an increasing emphasis on adolescents' participation rights, there are concerns about their participation in research on sensitive topics, such as trauma and... (Review)
Review
Despite an increasing emphasis on adolescents' participation rights, there are concerns about their participation in research on sensitive topics, such as trauma and violence. This review reports findings of a scoping review that examined the nature and extent of qualitative studies conducted with adolescents about their experiences of participating in research on sensitive topics. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases and grey literature and reported on qualitative and mixed-methods studies eliciting adolescents' experiences of participating in research on sensitive topics. Seventeen (17) studies were included after screening 4426 records. The scoping review revealed significant adolescent benefits from participation, relating to positive emotions, skill acquisition and enhanced self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships. To a lesser extent, participants also experienced burdens relating to negative emotions, concerns about confidentiality and privacy and inconvenience of participation, which were mitigated by careful attention to research design and researcher engagement and training. Participants shared insights into their motivation to participate, and factors that impacted their experiences of research, such as ethical considerations, including consent procedures, safety and connection in research, study procedures and documentation and researcher characteristics. There were tangible benefits and some burdens involved in adolescents' participation in sensitive research. This review considers implications for research and practice, such as the need to regularly publish findings of consultations, assessing caregiver consent requirements, obtaining adolescent views on study documents and measures and building on existing research, differentiated by age, gender and dis/ability status, especially in diverse and under-represented regions.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Qualitative Research; Interpersonal Relations; Violence; Motivation
PubMed: 35044869
DOI: 10.1177/15248380211069072 -
European Journal of Cancer (Oxford,... Nov 2022Many European countries offer organised population-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes. Around age 55 and 60, Dutch women are invited to...
BACKGROUND
Many European countries offer organised population-based breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes. Around age 55 and 60, Dutch women are invited to all three screening programmes. We examined the extent to which participation concurs and identified factors influencing concurrent participation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Individual level data from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening invitations between 2017 and 2019 were extracted from the Dutch screening registry. The percentages of women participating in all three, two, one, or none of the programmes around age 55 and 60, and before subsequent round invitation were determined. Multivariate ordinal regression analyses were performed to estimate whether population density, socio-economic status (SES) per postal code area, and time between the three invitations (<3, 3-6, >6 months) were associated with concurrent participation.
RESULTS
Data from 332,484 women were analysed. At age 55, 53.7% participated in all three programmes, 22.1% in two, 11.7% in one, and 12.6% did not participate at all. At age 60, a similar participation pattern was observed. Women living in areas with higher population density were less likely (odds ratios 0.75-0.94) and women in higher SES groups were more likely (odds ratios 1.12-1.60) to participate in more screening programmes, although this positive association was smaller for the highest SES group. No substantial association was found between concurrent participation and timing of invitations.
CONCLUSIONS
More than half of Dutch women participated in all three screening programmes and around 12% did not participate in any. Concurrent participation was lower in cities and lower SES groups.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 36126478
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.018 -
Games For Health Journal Apr 2023Cognitive and physical activity are important for daily functioning. However, limited research exists on the motivators and barriers associated with older adults...
Cognitive and physical activity are important for daily functioning. However, limited research exists on the motivators and barriers associated with older adults participating and adhering to exergame studies that promote physical and cognitive activity. Our objective was to examine older adults' motivators and barriers to joining and completing a three-dimensional exergame study. Fourteen older adults who participated in the exergame study contributed to one of three focus group discussions. Inductive and deductive methods were used to analyze the qualitative data. Motivators for joining were generativity, peer referrals, self-improvement, and curiosity. Accomplishment, immersion, and exercise were motivators for retention. Participants also cited the structured schedule and adaptive difficulty features as motivators for retention. Barriers to participation included frustration due to lack of level advancement and fatigue/pain during gameplay. Some ( = 3) reported camera tracking issues as a barrier. Unanticipated gender-based trends arose when examining perceptions of the study team's role and motivators for retention. These findings will inform future research strategies for participant recruitment, enrollment, and retention, in addition to providing insights into the design of motivating, enjoyable, and sustainable exergames for older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Exergaming; Exercise; Focus Groups
PubMed: 36706426
DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0131 -
Public Health Apr 2022The aim of the present analysis is to identify the reasons for accepting or rejecting the invitation to be screened by the Faecal Immunochemical Test as part of the free...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present analysis is to identify the reasons for accepting or rejecting the invitation to be screened by the Faecal Immunochemical Test as part of the free Danish screening programme for colorectal cancer (CRC).
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional representative survey of 15,072 Danish citizens aged 50-80 years was collected in 2019 via a Web-based questionnaire administered by Statistics Denmark. Among the net sample of 6807 respondents (45%), 177 were excluded because of current treatment for colorectal disease.
METHODS
To determine the reasons for accepting or refusing the invitation to be screened for CRC, a latent class analysis was conducted, which allowed participants to provide several reasons for acceptance or rejection of screening.
RESULTS
The most important reason for participating in CRC screening was the active public programme. A further reason for participation was the perceived risk for CRC, mainly in combination with the public programme. The reasons for participation did not differ between individuals who had participated and those who intended to participate when offered. Among participants who declined screening, the most frequent reasons were that they forgot to participate or that they were concerned about the unpleasant test procedure. Among individuals who intended to decline screening, a perceived low risk for CRC was the most frequently cited reason.
CONCLUSIONS
Recommendation from a general practitioner (GP) was not given as a frequent reason for CRC screening participation which is discussed as a challenge to participation rates in population based screening program The main reasons reported for non-participation in CRC screening (i.e. forgot to participate or the unpleasant test procedure) might be addressed by a stronger endorsement from GPs.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Mass Screening; Occult Blood
PubMed: 35248951
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.010 -
Medical Care Aug 2023Increased integration of physician organizations and hospitals into health systems has not necessarily improved clinical integration or patient outcomes. However,...
BACKGROUND
Increased integration of physician organizations and hospitals into health systems has not necessarily improved clinical integration or patient outcomes. However, federal regulators have issued favorable opinions for clinically integrated networks (CINs) as a way to pursue coordination between hospitals and physicians. Hospital organizational affiliations, including independent practice associations (IPA), physician-hospital organizations (PHOs), and accountable care organizations (ACOs), may support CIN participation. No empirical evidence, however, exists about factors associated with CIN participation.
METHODS
Data from the 2019 American Hospital Association survey (n = 4405) were analyzed to quantify hospital CIN participation. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated to examine whether IPA, PHO, and ACO affiliations were associated with CIN participation, controlling for market factors and hospital characteristics.
RESULTS
In 2019, 34.6% of hospitals participated in a CIN. Larger, not-for-profit, and metropolitan hospitals were more likely to participate in CINs. In adjusted analyses, hospitals participating in CINs were more likely to have an IPA (9.5% points, P < 0.001), a PHO (6.1% points, P < 0.001), and ACO (19.3% points, P < 0.001) compared with hospitals not participating in a CIN.
CONCLUSIONS
Over one-third of hospitals participate in a CIN, despite limited evidence about their effectiveness in delivering value. Results suggest that CIN participation may be a response to integrative norms. Future work should attempt to better define CIN participation and strive to disentangle overlapping organizational participation.
Topics: United States; Humans; Hospitals; Physicians; Accountable Care Organizations
PubMed: 37314353
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001877 -
AIDS Care Apr 2021Lack of social support and perceived HIV-related stigma increase the risk of negative health-related outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examines...
Lack of social support and perceived HIV-related stigma increase the risk of negative health-related outcomes among people living with HIV (PLWH). This study examines the social media use of PLWH participating in a behavioral health treatment program, and the association of participation in a "secret" Facebook group with improved client social support, education, and overall behavioral health treatment experience. Eighteen individuals participated in a survey and eight individuals participated in a focus group regarding their familiarity with technology and experience with using social media. Mixed-method analysis revealed that the majority of "secret" Facebook group participants thought that participation in the group improved overall personal wellbeing and perceived social support. However, lack of technology and social media experience and privacy concerns may have contributed to lower levels of participation with the "secret" Facebook group. A majority of participants who found Facebook difficult to use and/or had less technology experience were over the age of 50. Incorporating additional technology training for individuals who lack technology experience has the potential to improve clients' overall proficiency with technology and social media, as well as build confidence that could translate into an increased willingness to participate in a social media-based intervention.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Focus Groups; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Qualitative Research; Self-Help Groups; Social Media; Social Stigma; Social Support
PubMed: 32266823
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1748171 -
Archives of Rehabilitation Research and... Sep 2022To characterize how survivors of cancer define participation.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize how survivors of cancer define participation.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional qualitative study.
SETTING
Participants were enrolled from a large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. Interviews were conducted over Zoom or phone.
PARTICIPANTS
Survivors of cancer (N=40) with brain, breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (n=10 per group). Participants were purposively sampled to maximize variation in the study sample. Participant ages ranged from 26-83 years, with a mean age of 55 years. Seventy percent of participants were receiving active cancer treatment at the time of the interview.
INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Participant perspectives gathered from 1-on-1 semistructured interviews. Qualitative description and thematic analysis were used to analyze interview transcripts and develop themes from the data.
RESULTS
Survivors described participation as doing valued activities and highlighted 4 common aspects: (1) control; (2) social connection; (3) engaging in various contexts; and (4) cultivation of joy and purpose. Fully participating in life involved being able to do what they want to do without restrictions or limitations. Survivors' perspectives of control outlined how competence, choice, adaptations, and locus of control influence broader feelings of control and participation. Interviews highlighted that participation remains central to daily life among survivors of cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Rehabilitation researchers and clinicians need to establish a standard and comprehensive definition of participation. Rehabilitation providers need to consistently evaluate how participation is affected among survivors of cancer and use measures that include core aspects of participation identified in this study and previous research. Comprehensively defining participation will improve the design and selection of measurement tools and support comprehensive assessment of survivor experiences.
PubMed: 36123981
DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100212 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2022Interventions that increase population physical activity are required to promote health and wellbeing. parkrun delivers community-based, 5 km events worldwide yet 43%...
Interventions that increase population physical activity are required to promote health and wellbeing. parkrun delivers community-based, 5 km events worldwide yet 43% who register never participate in a parkrun event. This research had two objectives; i) explore the demographics of people who register for parkrun in United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and don't initiate or maintain participation ii) understand the barriers to participating in parkrun amongst these people. Mandatory data at parkrun registration provided demographic characteristics of parkrun registrants. A bespoke online survey distributed across the three countries captured the reasons for not participating or only participating once. Of 680,255 parkrun registrants between 2017 and 19, 293,542 (43%) did not participate in any parkrun events and 147,148 (22%) only participated in one parkrun event. Females, 16-34 years and physically inactive were more likely to not participate or not return to parkrun. Inconvenient start time was the most frequently reported barrier to participating, with females more likely than males to report the psychological barrier of feeling too unfit to participate. Co-creating strategies with and for people living with a chronic disease, women, young adults, and physically inactive people, could increase physical activity participation within parkrun.
Topics: Australia; Exercise; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom; Young Adult
PubMed: 35027014
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12546-w -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Jan 2020Comprehension and process of consent are important for persons with mental illness as they may not be impaired in considering research participation. The American...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Comprehension and process of consent are important for persons with mental illness as they may not be impaired in considering research participation. The American Psychiatric Association developed a detailed Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI). The present study was a part of field testing of CFI, aimed to standardize cultural information affecting the patients' management in India. This paper describes the process and conclusions from the consent-seeking process of this study.
METHODS
The purpose and procedures about field trial of the CFI were introduced and the patient and caregiver were requested for participation. Consent process was carried out step by step, by reading out the consent form to the first new patient of the day in the psychiatry outpatients department of a tertiary care hospital in north India, inviting questions followed by the 'comprehension' questions. The entire process was audiotaped without any personal identifiers. The process was repeated if not comprehended.
RESULTS
A total of 67 patients consented, 11 refused and majority were educated more than secondary school. Some concerns shown by the patients and caregivers included risk of participation, loss or benefits of participation, privacy, etc. All types of mentally ill patients participated in the study.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
Translations of consent forms used simple words, consonant with understanding of the potential participants. Patients' belief that participating in this long process would improve their care, and serve humanity, influenced their decision to participate. Except for intoxication and severe psychosis, patients could understand and comprehend issues around consent. Main issues were confidentiality and culture. Our experience in the psychiatry OPD refutes the commonly held belief that mentally ill persons lack comprehension and ability to consent.
Topics: Comprehension; Female; Humans; India; Informed Consent; Interview, Psychological; Male; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 32134012
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1036_18