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Environmental Health and Preventive... 2022People's preventive behavior is crucial for reducing the infection and transmission of a novel coronavirus, especially in aging societies. Moreover, since behavioral...
The relationships between social participation before the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive and health-promoting behaviors during the pandemic: the JAGES 2019-2020 longitudinal study.
BACKGROUND
People's preventive behavior is crucial for reducing the infection and transmission of a novel coronavirus, especially in aging societies. Moreover, since behavioral restrictions may lead to high risks of secondary health impacts among older people, health-promoting behaviors, including proper nutrition intake and regular exercise, should also be encouraged. Although various studies have reported the positive association between social participation and health among older people, whether their social participation relates to preventive and health-promoting behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic was uncertain. This study examined the relationships between social participation before the COVID-19 pandemic and preventive and health-promoting behaviors during the pandemic among older people in Japan.
METHODS
We obtained longitudinal data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), which conducted baseline and follow-up surveys from November 2019 to January 2020 (pre-pandemic) and from November 2020 to February 2021 (during the pandemic) in ten municipalities. In total, 10,523 responses were analyzed. Preventive and health-promoting behaviors were measured by nine actions (e.g., wash/disinfect hands, wear masks, do exercise), and the total of these actions was divided into two (highly implemented ≥7 or not highly implemented <7). Social participation was assessed by nine activities (e.g., participating in volunteering, sports clubs, had paid work). Adjusted for covariates, we examined the relationships between each social participation and preventive and health-promoting behavior by the logistic regression analysis or the Poisson regression analysis.
RESULTS
Older people who participated in social activities pre-pandemic showed a tendency to implement preventive and health-promoting behaviors during the pandemic. Especially, participations in "sports" and "Kayoi-no-ba" were positively related to "do exercise." Only "had paid work" was negatively related to highly implemented preventive and health-promoting behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
There were the positive relationships between social participation and preventive and health-promoting behavior. This study also indicated that older people who did not participate in social activities or had paid work before the COVID-19 pandemic may have higher risks of infection and secondary health impacts. Taking into account such old people's lifestyles as well as their workplace conditions, promoting appropriate behaviors need to be considered.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Pandemics; COVID-19; Social Participation; Longitudinal Studies; Japan; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36351630
DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00154 -
Health Expectations : An International... Aug 2022Long-term follow-up is necessary to understand the impact of perinatal interventions. Exploring parents' motives and experiences in consenting to their children taking...
BACKGROUND
Long-term follow-up is necessary to understand the impact of perinatal interventions. Exploring parents' motives and experiences in consenting to their children taking part in longitudinal studies and understanding what outcomes are important to families may enhance participation and mitigate the loss to follow-up. As existing evidence is largely based on investigators' perspectives using Western samples, the present pilot study explored parents' perspectives in a multicultural New Zealand context.
METHODS
Data were generated using semi-structured interviews with parents whose children had participated in a longitudinal study after neonatal recruitment. Parents' experiences of being part of the study were analysed thematically using an inductive approach.
RESULTS
Parents (n = 16) were generally happy with the outcomes measured. Additionally, parents were interested in lifelong goals such as the impact of parental diabetes. We identified three themes: (1) Facilitators: Research participation was aided by motives and parent and research characteristics such as wishing to help others and straightforward recruitment; (2) Barriers: A hesitancy to participate was due to technical and clinical research aspects, participation burden and cultural barriers, such as complex wording, time commitment and nonindigenous research and (3) Benefits: Children and parents experienced advantages such as the opportunity for education.
CONCLUSIONS
Parents reported positive experiences and described the unexpected benefit of increasing families' health knowledge through participation. Improvements for current follow-up studies were identified. Different ethnicities reported different experiences and perspectives, which warrants ongoing research, particularly with indigenous research participants.
PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
No active partnership with parents of patients took place.
Topics: Child; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Parents; Pilot Projects; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 35393722
DOI: 10.1111/hex.13473 -
Women and Birth : Journal of the... Mar 2020Prioritisation of stillbirth research in high-income countries is required to address preventable stillbirth. However, concern is raised by ethics committees, maternity...
BACKGROUND
Prioritisation of stillbirth research in high-income countries is required to address preventable stillbirth. However, concern is raised by ethics committees, maternity providers and families, when pregnant and bereaved women are approached to participate. Our aim was to 1) assess factors influencing recruitment in a multicentre case-control stillbirth study and 2) gain insight into how women felt about their participation.
METHODS
Eligible women were contacted through maternity providers from seven New Zealand health regions in 2011-2015. Cases had a recent singleton non-anomalous late stillbirth (≥28 weeks' gestation). Controls were randomly selected and matched for region and gestation. Participants were interviewed by a research midwife and given a feedback form asking their views about participation. Feedback was evaluated using thematic analysis.
RESULTS
169 (66.5%) of 254 eligible cases and 569 (62.2%) of 915 eligible controls were recruited. Non-participants consisted of 263 (22.5% of eligible) women who declined, 108 (9.2% of eligible) uncontactable women, and 60 (5.1% of eligible) women declined by the maternity provider, with no significant differences between the proportion of non-participating cases and controls in each of these three categories. The majority (63.2%) of women did not provide a specific reason for non-participation. Written feedback was provided by 111 participants (cases 15.3%, controls 14.9%) and all described their involvement positively. Feedback themes identified were 'motivation to participate,' 'ease of participation,' and 'post-participation positivity.'
CONCLUSION
Identification of recruitment barriers and our reassuring participant feedback may assist women's participation in future research and support progress towards stillbirth prevention.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Motivation; New Zealand; Patient Selection; Pregnancy; Research; Stillbirth; Young Adult
PubMed: 30954481
DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2019.03.010 -
Sport participation and related head injuries following craniosynostosis correction: a survey study.Neurosurgical Focus Apr 2021Craniosynostosis (CS) affects about 1 in 2500 infants and is predominantly treated by surgical intervention in infancy. Later in childhood, many of these children wish...
OBJECTIVE
Craniosynostosis (CS) affects about 1 in 2500 infants and is predominantly treated by surgical intervention in infancy. Later in childhood, many of these children wish to participate in sports. However, the safety of participation is largely anecdotal and based on surgeon experience. The objective of this survey study was to describe sport participation and sport-related head injury in CS patients.
METHODS
A 16-question survey related to child/parent demographics, CS surgery history, sport history, and sport-induced head injury history was made available to patients/parents in the United States through a series of synostosis organization listservs, as well as synostosis-focused Facebook groups, between October 2019 and June 2020. Sports were categorized based on the American Academy of Pediatrics groupings. Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the independent-samples t-test were used in the analysis.
RESULTS
Overall, 187 CS patients were described as 63% male, 89% White, and 88% non-Hispanic, and 89% underwent surgery at 1 year or younger. The majority (74%) had participated in sports starting at an average age of 5 years (SD 2.2). Of those participating in sports, contact/collision sport participation was most common (77%), and 71% participated in multiple sports. Those that played sports were less frequently Hispanic (2.2% vs 22.9%, p < 0.001) and more frequently had undergone a second surgery (44% vs 25%, p = 0.021). Only 9 of 139 (6.5%) sport-participating CS patients suffered head injuries; 6 (67%) were concussions and the remaining 3 were nondescript but did not mention any surgical needs.
CONCLUSIONS
In this nationwide survey of postsurgical CS patients and parents, sport participation was exceedingly common, with contact sports being the most common sport category. Few head injuries (mostly concussions) were reported as related to sport participation. Although this is a selective sample of CS patients, the initial data suggest that sport participation, even in contact sports, and typically beginning a few years after CS correction, is safe and commonplace.
Topics: Athletic Injuries; Brain Concussion; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniosynostoses; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Sports; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 33794495
DOI: 10.3171/2021.1.FOCUS20970 -
Journal of Nutrition Education and... Nov 2023To examine the moderation effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation on the baseline fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of Hispanic/Latino and...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the moderation effect of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation on the baseline fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of Hispanic/Latino and African American children and parents participating in the Brighter Bites program.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Houston, Austin, and Dallas, TX; Washington, DC; and Southwest Florida.
PARTICIPANTS
Self-reported surveys (n = 6,037) of Hispanic/Latino and African American adult-child dyads enrolled in Brighter Bites in Fall 2018.
VARIABLES MEASURED
Dependent variable, child FV intake; Independent variable, parent FV intake, and FV shopping behavior; Effect Measure Modifier, SNAP participation.
ANALYSIS
Quantitatively used mixed effects linear regression models to test if the effect of parental baseline FV intake and shopping behavior on a child's baseline FV intake differed by SNAP participation. Analyses were performed using STATA with significance set at P < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
For parents that consumed FV ≥ 2 times/d at baseline, there was a 0.1 times increase in child FV intake at baseline among those who participated in SNAP as compared with those who did not participate in SNAP (ß = 0.1; 95% CI, 0.1-0.2; P = 0.001), and for parents who shopped at convenience stores ≥ 2 times/wk for FV, there was 0.6 times increase in child FV intake at baseline for those who participated in SNAP as compared with those that did not participate in SNAP (ß = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation moderated the associations between FV intake among African American and Hispanic/Latino parents and children and FV shopping at convenience stores and child FV intake. Findings indicate a need for future interventions to promote SNAP participation among those eligible and improve access to FV.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Fruit; Vegetables; Feeding Behavior; Food Assistance; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 37804263
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.08.005 -
Oncology Nursing Forum Dec 2022To examine factors that account for disparities in cancer clinical trial participation.
OBJECTIVES
To examine factors that account for disparities in cancer clinical trial participation.
SAMPLE & SETTING
Pooled data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys between 2010 and 2017.
METHODS & VARIABLES
Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between participation in clinical trials and demographic and health characteristics, using SAS® procedures to account for complex sample features.
RESULTS
Univariate analyses showed that age, race, income, and self-rated health status were significantly associated with the likelihood of participating in cancer clinical trials. Binary logistic analyses showed that Black respondents who were ever diagnosed with cancer were more likely to participate in cancer clinical trials relative to White counterparts. Respondents aged 50-64 years were more likely to have participated in cancer clinical trials compared to those aged 65 years or older. However, respondents who self-rated their health as excellent or very good were less likely to participate in cancer clinical trials.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING
Involving properly trained nurses and nurse practitioners from diverse backgrounds in cancer clinical trials to inform people with cancer about trials and ways to reduce personal barriers will increase participation from all people, regardless of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Health Status; Nurse Practitioners; Research Design
PubMed: 37677792
DOI: 10.1188/23.ONF.79-89 -
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Sep 2021To investigate whether participation in sport during the developmental stages of life is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether participation in sport during the developmental stages of life is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood.
DESIGN
Observational longitudinal study.
METHODS
Participants were Generation 2 of the Raine Study. Questionnaires related to participation in sport were administered at ages 5, 8, 10, 14 and 17 years. These data were used to develop sex-specific trajectories of sports participation: (for males) Consistent Participators, Drop-Outs and Joiners; and (females) Consistent Participators, Non-Participators and Drop-Outs. At age 28.3 ± 0.6 years, participants completed a graded maximal exercise test (i.e. V̇Opeak test). A General Linear Model assessed differences in CRF between trajectories.
RESULTS
402 participants n = 231 (57.5%) male, n = 171 (42.5%) female were included in the study. In males, Consistent Participators (all p < 0.001) and Joiners (p < 0.050) had greater fitness than Drop-Outs. In females, Consistent Participators had greater fitness than Non-Participators (p < 0.050), but there were no significant differences in fitness between Consistent Participators and Drop-Outs (p > 0.050) or Non-Participators and Drop-Outs (p > 0.050).
CONCLUSION
Participation in sport during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater fitness in adulthood, compared to individuals who never participate or those that cease participation in adolescence. A simple dichotomous question regarding sports participation over the childhood and adolescent period can be implemented to predict better fitness outcomes in young adulthood. Childhood and adolescence could be an opportune stage in life for parents, schools and governments to facilitate participation in sport and prevent drop out, as it may have an impact on long term risk reduction, with associated health and economic benefits.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Child; Child, Preschool; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Surveys and Questionnaires; Youth Sports
PubMed: 34059468
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.05.004 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2023Study partners are required for all participants at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). Study partners' attitudes and beliefs may contribute to missed visits...
BACKGROUND
Study partners are required for all participants at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). Study partners' attitudes and beliefs may contribute to missed visits and negatively impact retention of participants in longitudinal AD studies.
OBJECTIVE
Study partners (N = 212) of participants (Clinical Dementia Rating® [CDR]≤2) at four ADRCs were randomly surveyed to examine their facilitators and barriers to continued participation in AD studies.
METHODS
Reasons for participation were analyzed with factor analysis and regression analysis. Effects of complaints and goal fulfillment on attendance were estimated with fractional logistic models. Open-ended responses were characterized with a Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model.
RESULTS
Study partners participated for personal benefit and altruism. They emphasized personal benefits more when their participants had a CDR > 0 than when they had a CDR = 0. This difference declined with participant age. The majority of study partners rated their ADRC participation as positive and meeting their goals. Although half reported at least one complaint, very few regretted participating. Those who reported that ADRC participation fulfilled their goals or had fewer complaints were more likely to have perfect attendance. Study partners requested more feedback about test results and better management of study visits.
CONCLUSION
Study partners are motivated by both personal and altruistic goals. The salience of each goal depends on their trust in researchers and the participant's cognitive status and age. Retention may improve with perceived goal fulfillment and fewer complaints. Potential areas for improving retention are providing more information about the participant's test results and better management of study visits.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; Longitudinal Studies; Attitude; Surveys and Questionnaires; Mental Status and Dementia Tests
PubMed: 37212114
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-230079 -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2023Active participation of the older adults in the society is crucial; however, frailty prevents social participation. Meanwhile, many older adults participate daily in...
OBJECTIVE
Active participation of the older adults in the society is crucial; however, frailty prevents social participation. Meanwhile, many older adults participate daily in social activities, even with frailty. This study aims to examine whether older adults with frailty have lower social participation than those without frailty in Japan. We also investigated whether older adults with frailty and higher subjective health participate in society to the same extent as the general older population. This study included 1,082 Japanese individuals aged 65 years and older participating in the online survey. Participants answered questions on social participation, frailty, subjective health, and demographics.
RESULTS
Participants in the robust group had higher social participation rates than those in the frailty and pre-frailty groups. Meanwhile, frail older participants with higher subjective health had similar social participation as the robust participants. Many older adults acquire frailty despite their individual effort. Meanwhile, improving subjective health may be effective, even with frailty. The relationship between subjective health, frailty, and social participation is primitive and further studies are needed.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Frailty; Frail Elderly; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Independent Living; Social Participation; Japan
PubMed: 37365658
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06407-x -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Changes in the external market environment put forward objective requirements for the formulation of organizational strategic plans, making it difficult for the... (Review)
Review
Changes in the external market environment put forward objective requirements for the formulation of organizational strategic plans, making it difficult for the organization's leaders to make the right and effective decisions quickly on their own. As a result, participative leadership, which encourages and supports employees to participate in the decision-making process of organizations, has received increasing attention in both theory and practice. We searched the literature related to participative leadership in databases such as Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Based on this, we clarify the concept of participative leadership, propose a definition of participative leadership, summarize measurement scales for this type of leadership, and compare participative leadership with other leadership styles (empowering leadership and directive leadership). We also present a research framework for participative leadership that demonstrates its antecedents; the mechanisms for its development based on social exchange theory, conservation of resources theory, social cognitive theory; social information processing theory, and implicit leadership theory; and outcomes. Finally, we identify five potential research areas: Connotation, antecedents, outcomes, mediators and moderators, and study of participative leadership in China.
PubMed: 35719563
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924357