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Oncology Letters Oct 2020() is reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its association with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and its role in the initiation of colorectal tumors...
() is reported to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its association with colorectal adenoma (CRA) and its role in the initiation of colorectal tumors remain unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between and CRA and CRC by exploring the changes of abundance in an adenoma-carcinoma sequence in a new cohort and 4 public sequencing datasets. To investigate the alterations of abundance in the gut along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to measure the relative abundance of in fecal samples from 277 subjects (128 patients with CRA, 66 patients with CRC and 83 healthy individuals, as controls) who underwent colonoscopy as outpatients. Then, the relative abundance of was analyzed in fecal samples from 596 subjects (185 healthy controls, 158 CRC, 253 CRA) in four public 16S rRNA sequencing datasets. The qPCR results demonstrated that the CRA group had an abundance of (P=0.2) similar to that of the healthy control group, while the CRC group had a significantly increased abundance (P=8.2×10). The level of effectively discriminated patients with CRC from healthy controls, while it poorly discriminated patients with CRA from healthy controls; with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.867 for patients with CRC and 0.554 for patients with CRA. The same pattern of the alteration of abundance, which was low in healthy controls and patients with CRA but elevated in patients with CRC, was found in all four public sequencing datasets. These results suggested that was closely associated with, and may serve as a diagnostic marker for, CRC but not CRA. Moreover, it was indicated that may be an opportunistic pathogen of CRC, which may promote CRC development but serve a limited role in tumorigenesis.
PubMed: 32831925
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11967 -
Respiratory Medicine Case Reports 2023is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the...
is a gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that colonizes the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in bacterial identification have confirmed the clinical importance of . Here, we report a case of empyema with bacteremia caused by . We successfully treated the patient with the appropriate antibiotics and drainage. can cause respiratory infections, including empyema, which can progress to bacteremia if treatment is delayed. In infections, not only the oral cavity but also the entire body must be investigated to clarify the entry mechanism.
PubMed: 37577121
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101892 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021The gut microbiome is dynamic and shaped by diet, age, geography, and environment. The disruption of normal gut microbiota (dysbiosis) is closely related to colorectal...
The gut microbiome is dynamic and shaped by diet, age, geography, and environment. The disruption of normal gut microbiota (dysbiosis) is closely related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and progression. To better identify and characterize CRC-associated dysbiosis, we collected six independent cohorts with matched normal pairs (when available) for comparison and exploration of the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Comparing the microbial community compositions between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues, we found that more microbes were depleted than enriched in tumors. Despite taxonomic variations among cohorts, consistent depletion of normal microbiota (members of and ) and significant enrichment of oral-originated pathogens (such as and ) observed in CRC compared to normal tissues. Sets of hub and hub-connecting microbes were subsequently identified to infer microbe-microbe interaction networks in CRC. Furthermore, biclustering was used for identifying coherent patterns between patients and microbes. Two patient-microbe interaction patterns, named P0 and P1, can be consistently identified among the investigated six CRC cohorts. Characterization of the microbial community composition of the two patterns revealed that patients in P0 and P1 differed significantly in microbial alpha and beta diversity, and CRC-associated microbiota changes consist of continuous populations of widespread taxa rather than discrete enterotypes. In contrast to the P0, the patients in P1 have reduced microbial alpha diversity compared to the adjacent normal tissues, and P1 possesses more oral-related pathogens than P0 and controls. Collectively, our study investigated the CRC-associated microbiome changes, and identified reproducible microbial signatures across multiple independent cohorts. More importantly, we revealed that the CRC heterogeneity can be partially attributed to the variety and compositional differences of microbes and their interactions to humans.
PubMed: 35003221
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.787176 -
Journal of Endodontics Jul 2023This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about the microbiota found in persistent endodontic infections. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about the microbiota found in persistent endodontic infections.
METHODS
The study protocol was prospectively registered and is available at https://osf.io/3g2cp. The electronic search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The eligibility criteria were based on the PCC acronym, where P (Population) represents patients with teeth presenting persistent endodontic infection, C (Concept) represents microbial profile, and C (Context) represents undergoing endodontic retreatment. Clinical studies that evaluated the microbial profile of samples collected from root canals of teeth undergoing retreatment, using classical or molecular methods, were included. Studies that did not show a minimum period of 1 year between primary endodontic treatment and retreatment or did not radiographically evaluate the quality of primary root canal filling were excluded. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and collected data.
RESULTS
From a total of 957 articles, 161 were read in full, and 32 studies were included. The most prevalent species were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister invisus, Propionibacterium acnes, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Cases with symptomatology or inadequate root canal filling presented an increase in specific bacterial species compared to those with no symptomatology or adequate filling. A greater number of microorganisms was observed in teeth with inadequate coronal restoration compared to those with adequate restoration.
CONCLUSIONS
Persistent endodontic infections have a polymicrobial profile identified by the commonly used methods for bacterial detection/identification and are subject to the limitations present in each of those methods.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas endodontalis
PubMed: 37211309
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.010 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Feb 2023Liver abscesses are an entity that sets out a diagnostic challenge with a severe clinical course and non-negligible mortality. Their origin is usually bacterial (>80%),...
Liver abscesses are an entity that sets out a diagnostic challenge with a severe clinical course and non-negligible mortality. Their origin is usually bacterial (>80%), parasitic, mixed or, more rarely, fungal. We present the case report of a 45-year-old man, native of Ghana, with no relevant medical-surgical history, was admitted for septic shock with multiple organ dysfuntion syndrome. Complementary imaging tests revealed a liver abscess in segments IV and VII measuring 60x45x54 mm, so antibiotic treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam was started and a pigtail drainage was placed. In blood cultures, the microorganism parvimonas micra (anaerobic gram-positive cocci) was isolated with high degree of sensitivity rates to penicillin, clindamycin and metronidazole. Treatment was de-escalated to clindamycin until completing 4 weeks of intravenous treatment. Control CT showed a decrease in the size of the abscess and pigtail drainage was removed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Clindamycin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Firmicutes; Liver Abscess
PubMed: 35315681
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.8751/2022 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023(), a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, exhibits colonization tendencies on oral mucosal and skin surfaces, potentially evolving into a pathogenic entity associated... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
(), a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, exhibits colonization tendencies on oral mucosal and skin surfaces, potentially evolving into a pathogenic entity associated with diverse diseases. The diagnostic trajectory for -related diseases encounters delays, often with severe consequences, including fatality, attributed to the absence of symptom specificity and challenges in culture. The absence of a consensus on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to exacerbates the complexity of addressing associated conditions. This study aims to elucidate and scrutinize the clinical manifestations linked to , drawing insights from an extensive literature review of pertinent case reports.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 53-year-old male sought medical attention at our institution presenting with recurrent hemoptysis. Empirical treatment was initiated while awaiting pathogen culture results; however, the patient's symptoms persisted. Subsequent metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis revealed a pulmonary infection attributable to . Resolution of symptoms occurred following treatment with piperacillin sulbactam sodium and moxifloxacin hydrochloride. A comprehensive literature review, utilizing the PubMed database, was conducted to assess case reports over the last decade where was identified as the causative agent.
CONCLUSION
The literature analysis underscores the predilection of for immunocompromised populations afflicted by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, orthopedic conditions, and tumors. Risk factors, including oral and periodontal hygiene, smoking, and alcohol consumption, were found to be associated with infections. Clinical manifestations encompassed fever, cough, sputum production, and back pain, potentially leading to severe outcomes such as Spondylodiscitis, septic arthritis, lung abscess, bacteremia, sepsis, and mortality. While conventional bacterial culture remains the primary diagnostic tool, emerging technologies like mNGS offer alternative considerations. In terms of treatment modalities, β-lactam antibiotics and nitroimidazoles predominated, exhibiting recovery rates of 56.10% (46/82) and 23.17% (19/82), respectively. This case report and literature review collectively aim to enhance awareness among clinicians and laboratory medicine professionals regarding the intricacies of -associated infections.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Base Composition; Firmicutes; Hemoptysis; Phylogeny; Piperacillin; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38389952
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1307902 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2022The main goal of an endodontic treatment is a complete debridement of the root canal system; however, currently mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning procedures for...
BACKGROUND
The main goal of an endodontic treatment is a complete debridement of the root canal system; however, currently mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning procedures for this purpose have deemed non-satisfactory.
METHODS
The efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%), as a root canal irrigation solution, against Enterococcus faecalis (DSM 20478) and Parvimonas micra (DSM 20468) when compared with the one of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI; 1.0, 3.0, 5.0%), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX; 0.12, 0.2, 2.0%) and 0.9% NaCI (as a control solution) was in vitro investigated with the agar diffusion and direct contact methods. The inhibition zone diameters observed with the agar diffusion test were determined. The viable bacterial counts (CFU/ml) were calculated with the direct method.
RESULTS
The agar diffusion test showed that all three root canal irrigation solutions had an efficacy against E. faecalis at all concentrations. The largest inhibition zone diameters against E. faecalis were observed with 5.0% NaOCI. At all three concentrations of PAA, NaOCI, and CHX, the inhibition zone diameter increased with increase in concentration. For P. micra, PAA had a similar inhibition zone diameter despite a concentration increase. In contrast, for NaOCI and CHX, the inhibition zone diameter increased with increasing concentration. 2.0% CHX produced the largest inhibition zone diameter against P. micra. For E. faecalis, only the comparison between 2.0% PAA and 5.0% NaOCI showed statistical significance (p = 0.004). For P. micra the efficacy comparison between the lowest, middle, and highest concentrations of each solution, a statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found for all three solutions. After direct contact with PAA, NaOCI and CHX, no viable bacteria could be determined for either P. micra or E. faecalis.
CONCLUSIONS
PAA had a similar antibacterial efficacy as the one of NaOCl and CHX when in direct contact with E. faecalis and P. micra. In the agar diffusion test, PAA showed a similar antibacterial efficacy as the one of CHX and a lower one as the one of NaOCl for E. faecalis.
Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlorhexidine; Dental Pulp Cavity; Enterococcus faecalis; Firmicutes; Humans; Peracetic Acid; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 35397605
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02148-8 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Dec 2021A strain of obligately anaerobically growing Gram-positive cocci was isolated from a human genito-urinary sample and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Analyses of...
A strain of obligately anaerobically growing Gram-positive cocci was isolated from a human genito-urinary sample and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences of this strain S3374 indicated that it belonged to the genus . Overall genome relatedness index calculations confirmed it to be phylogenetically distinct from (NCTC 11808) as its most closely related species with standing in nomenclature, with average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance values of 85.8 and 30.2 %, respectively. Biochemically, strain S3374 was strongly proteolytic and can be differentiated from (DSM 20468) by absence of phosphatase activity. The DNA G+C content of strain S3374 was 28.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypical, biochemical and genetic findings, strain S3374 is considered to represent a novel species within the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S3374 (=DSM 110786=CCOS 1934=CCUG 74294). This description adds strain S3374 as a second species to the genus which has so far been monotypic. While the type strain of this genus, , has a long standing in nomenclature and its role in human health and disease has been studied to some extent, this description of the proposed novel species represented by strain S3374 will allow microbiologists worldwide to identify isolates of sp. nov., a prerequisite for further investigation of its relevance in the clinical context and beyond.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Firmicutes; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Urogenital Diseases
PubMed: 34878380
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005100 -
Anaerobe Aug 2022The objective of this study was to review the characteristics, causative bacteria, treatment and outcomes of brain abscesses due to anaerobes in our health setting.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to review the characteristics, causative bacteria, treatment and outcomes of brain abscesses due to anaerobes in our health setting.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of all brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria over the period 2005-2021 was performed.
RESULTS
Out of 300 brain abscesses identified during the study period, 31 were produced by anaerobic pathogens, either alone (monomicrobial infection) or together with aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria (polymicrobial infection). The mean age of the 31 patients was 53 years, and 61.2% were male; 51.6% of infections were polymicrobial, with only four (12.9%) caused by anaerobic bacteria alone. Forty-three anaerobic bacteria were isolated: Cutibacterium acnes in thirteen (41.9%), Parvimonas micra in eight (25.8%), and Prevotella spp. in seven (22.5%). The most frequent etiologies were local neurosurgery (13/41.9%) and contiguous otogenic, oral, or sinus foci of infection (8/28.8%). Cancer was present in eight patients (28.8%), headaches in seventeen (54.8%), and fever in nine (28.8%). All patients received both surgery and antimicrobial therapy. The abscess was in the frontal region in 12 patients (38.7%) and in the parietal region in 11 (35.4%). A good outcome was obtained in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Anaerobes were isolated in 10.3% of patients with brain abscesses in our health setting, similar to other reports. C. acnes was the most frequently detected anaerobe, especially in neurosurgical patients.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Brain Abscess; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peptostreptococcus; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35843460
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102614 -
Microorganisms May 2023The aim of this study was to compare data about the prevalence and proportions of the bacterial species , , and in periodontitis pocket samples collected from young,...
The aim of this study was to compare data about the prevalence and proportions of the bacterial species , , and in periodontitis pocket samples collected from young, <35 years, and old, >35-year-old patients, YP and OP, respectively. The results from the analyses of a total of 3447 subgingival plaque samples analyzed for clinical diagnosis purposes by cultivation regarding the proportions of these species were collected from a database and elucidated. The prevalence of A. was found to be more than twice as high (OR = 2.96, 95% CI; 2.50-3.50) in samples from the younger (42.2%) than the older group (20.4%) ( < 0.001). The prevalence of was significantly lower in samples from the younger age group (OR = 0.43, 95%) ( < 0.001), whereas was similarly distributed (OR = 0.78, 95%) in the two age groups ( = 0.006). A similar pattern was noticed for and when high proportions (>50%) of the samples of these bacterial species were elucidated. In contrast, the proportion of samples containing >50% with was lower compared with the two other bacterial species. Furthermore, it was noted that the proportion of samples from old patients containing in combination with was almost three times higher than in samples when was replaced by . In conclusion, showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from young patients compared with the old patients, while was similarly distributed in the two age groups. showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from old patients compared with the young patients.
PubMed: 37374936
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061434