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Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and... Apr 2021This article offers an overview of os trigonum syndrome, complications, operative techniques, and the authors' preferred protocol. Os trigonum is an ossicle like many... (Review)
Review
This article offers an overview of os trigonum syndrome, complications, operative techniques, and the authors' preferred protocol. Os trigonum is an ossicle like many other ossicles in the foot and ankle. Individuals who require repetitive plantarflexion of the ankle for activity may develop symptoms of an enlarged os trigonum. Usually, symptoms will be isolated to the posteriolateral aspect of the ankle. Because of the normal anatomic route of the flexor hallucis longus tendon, its range of motion may also elicit pain to the posterolateral ankle. Conservative, as well as surgical including both endoscopic and open excision, has been described.
Topics: Arthroscopy; Conservative Treatment; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Physical Examination; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Syndrome; Talus
PubMed: 33745657
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2020.12.011 -
The Orthopedic Clinics of North America Jan 2023Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to benign ectopic bone formation in soft tissue and is common following trauma surgery. HO bone can restrict movement and progress... (Review)
Review
Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to benign ectopic bone formation in soft tissue and is common following trauma surgery. HO bone can restrict movement and progress into ankylosis that may necessitate surgical intervention. This article discusses the current literature on the pathophysiology, prophylaxis, treatment, and epidemiology of postoperative HO following orthopedic trauma.
Topics: Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Bone and Bones; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36402509
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2022.08.007 -
Skeletal Radiology Mar 2020Skeletal fluorosis is a rare toxic osteopathy characterized by massive bone fixation of fluoride. The disease occurs as an endemic problem in some parts of the world and... (Review)
Review
Skeletal fluorosis is a rare toxic osteopathy characterized by massive bone fixation of fluoride. The disease occurs as an endemic problem in some parts of the world and is the result of prolonged ingestion or rarely by inhalation of high amounts of fluoride. Radiographic presentation is mainly characterized by bone changes with osteocondensation and later ossification of many ligaments and interosseous membranes. Skeletal fluorosis is not clinically obvious and can be confused with other rheumatologic disorders. Its severity lies in the development of skeletal deformities and neurological complications. Management of fluorosis generally focuses on symptom treatment.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Fluoride Poisoning; Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteosclerosis
PubMed: 31501957
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-03302-0 -
The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports... Aug 2019A 26-year-old male presented with an ache deep to the angle of the left mandible and moderate, constant pain with swallowing, symptoms that had begun 3 years earlier. He...
A 26-year-old male presented with an ache deep to the angle of the left mandible and moderate, constant pain with swallowing, symptoms that had begun 3 years earlier. He was diagnosed with Eagle syndrome, characterized by cervical oropharynx pain due to an elongated styloid process. The patient consulted a physical therapist, who instructed the patient on a home exercise program based on imaging and examination findings. Six weeks later, the patient reported that he was able to swallow with only minimal, intermittent discomfort. .
Topics: Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Disability Evaluation; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Ossification, Heterotopic; Pain Measurement; Physical Therapy Modalities; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 31366296
DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8759 -
Practical Neurology Dec 2021
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Ossification, Heterotopic; Temporal Bone
PubMed: 34389645
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-002949 -
Radiology and Oncology Sep 2019Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common)... (Review)
Review
Background Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is a common condition referring to ectopic bone formation in soft tissues. It has two major etiologies, acquired (more common) and genetic. The acquired form is closely related to tissue trauma. The exact pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear; however, there is ongoing research in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments that is promising. Conclusions Due to HO potential to cause disability, it is so important to differentiate it from other causes in order to establish the best possible management.
Topics: Calcinosis; Chondrocalcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Fractures, Avulsion; Gout; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Myositis Ossificans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteosarcoma; Radiography; Tendinopathy; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31553710
DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0039 -
Biomolecules Apr 2024The formation of bone outside the normal skeleton, or heterotopic ossification (HO), occurs through genetic and acquired mechanisms. Fibrodysplasia ossificans... (Review)
Review
The formation of bone outside the normal skeleton, or heterotopic ossification (HO), occurs through genetic and acquired mechanisms. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), the most devastating genetic condition of HO, is due to mutations in the gene and is relentlessly progressive. Acquired HO is mostly precipitated by injury or orthopedic surgical procedures but can also be associated with certain conditions related to aging. Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging and thought to be a tumor-suppressive mechanism with characteristic features such as irreversible growth arrest, apoptosis resistance, and an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we review possible roles for cellular senescence in HO and how targeting senescent cells may provide new therapeutic approaches to both FOP and acquired forms of HO.
Topics: Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic; Cellular Senescence; Myositis Ossificans; Animals; Activin Receptors, Type I
PubMed: 38672501
DOI: 10.3390/biom14040485 -
Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za... Mar 2022To review and evaluate the research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review and evaluate the research progress of traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO).
METHODS
The domestic and foreign related research literature on traumatic HO was widely consulted, and its etiology, pathogenesis, pathological progress, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment were summarized.
RESULTS
Traumatic HO is often caused by severe trauma such as joint operation, explosion injury, nerve injury, and burn. At present, it is widely believed that the occurrence of traumatic HO is closely related to inflammation and hypoxia. Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery are the main methods to prevent and treat traumatic HO.
CONCLUSION
Nowadays, the pathogenesis of traumatic HO is still unclear, the efficiency of relevant prevention and treatment measures is low, and there is a lack of specific treatment method. In the future, it is necessary to further study the pathogenesis of traumatic HO and find specific prevention and treatment targets.
Topics: Burns; Humans; Hypoxia; Inflammation; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 35293183
DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202110078 -
Bone Mar 2023Heterotopic ossification (HO), including hereditary and acquired HO, is the formation of extraskeletal bone in skeletal muscle and surrounding soft tissues. Acquired HO... (Review)
Review
Heterotopic ossification (HO), including hereditary and acquired HO, is the formation of extraskeletal bone in skeletal muscle and surrounding soft tissues. Acquired HO is often caused by range of motion, explosion injury, nerve injury or burns. Severe HO can lead to pain and limited joint activity, affecting functional rehabilitation and quality of life. Increasing evidence shows that inflammatory processes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can drive HO. However, explicit knowledge about the specific mechanisms that result in HO and related cell precursors is still limited. Moreover, there are no effective methods to prevent or reduce HO formation. In this review, we provide an update of known risk factors and relevant cellular origins for HO. In particular, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of MSCs in acquired HO, which follow the osteogenic program. We also discuss the latest therapeutic value and implications for acquired HO. Our review highlights the current gaps in knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of acquired HO and identifies potential targets for the prevention and treatment of HO.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis; Bone and Bones; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36581258
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116655 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Apr 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Ossification, Heterotopic
PubMed: 35188216
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac055