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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ has purple skin characteristics. This study investigated the effects of different materials (shelled or unshelled peanuts) and...
Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ has purple skin characteristics. This study investigated the effects of different materials (shelled or unshelled peanuts) and temperatures (120 or 140 °C) on the properties of extracted peanut oil. The results show that its antioxidant components (total flavonoid, α−tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol) and oxidative stability were mainly affected by the roasting temperature (p < 0.05). Fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified by peanut oil oxidation and divided into three main groups during the roasting process using principal component analysis. The volatile formation changes of different materials and temperatures were assessed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis. These results provide useful reference information for peanut oil applications in the food industry.
Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Arachis; Flavonoids; gamma-Tocopherol; Peanut Oil; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36296404
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206811 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2022Peanut oil, edible vegetable oil largely consumed in China, may be polluted with pesticides during both peanut cultivation and processing. In this study, we analyzed...
Peanut oil, edible vegetable oil largely consumed in China, may be polluted with pesticides during both peanut cultivation and processing. In this study, we analyzed organochlorine pesticides, five currently used pesticides and two degradation products, in soils, seeds, peanuts, oil and dregs and systematically tracked variations of their levels in field soils and during the pressing process. The results showed that the application of metolachlor, pirimicarb and quizalofop-p-ethyl pesticides during peanut cultivation caused their concentrations in peanuts to increase. In most samples, the concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid was higher than that of λ-cyhalothrin, and the variation trends of λ-cyhalothrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in soil samples were similar, which indicate that after application, most λ-cyhalothrin may rapidly be degraded to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Regarding the pressing process of peanut oil, the sum of mass of oil and shells was less than the mass of the corresponding raw peanut. Compared with that in peanuts, the total mass of most pesticides in oil and shells was lower, while that of two degradation products was higher, an indication that the degradation products were still generated during the pressing process. Finally, the assessment of health risk of different age groups consuming the studied peanuts and peanut oil showed that the risk was very low.
Topics: Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Peanut Oil; Pesticides; Risk Assessment; Soil
PubMed: 35066221
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128272 -
Food Chemistry Jan 2022Oil bodies (OBs), which are found mainly in the seeds or nuts of oleaginous plants, are spherical droplets with a triacylglycerol core covered by phospholipid-protein...
Oil bodies (OBs), which are found mainly in the seeds or nuts of oleaginous plants, are spherical droplets with a triacylglycerol core covered by phospholipid-protein layer. Oil body protein extracts (OBPEs), mainly oleosins, contribute to the unique physicochemical stability of OBs. The application of OBPEs in aqueous environment has been greatly limited by their highly hydrophobic structures. In this study, OBPEs were successfully extracted from peanut seeds and their profiles were characterized by LC-MS/MS. OBPEs nanoparticles were successfully assembled in aqueous environment for the first time using the antisolvent precipitation method. The mean diameter of OBPEs nanoparticles was 215.6 ± 1.8 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.238 ± 0.005. The morphology of these colloidal particles was found to be roughly spherical shape as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions with good stability against coalescence could be formed at protein concentration as low as 0.1 mg/mL. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) confirmed that spherical nanoparticles were packed at the oil-water interface. This research will greatly expand the applications of OBPEs in structuring the interfaces and developing novel formulations in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
Topics: Arachis; Chromatography, Liquid; Emulsions; Lipid Droplets; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Peanut Oil; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 34388634
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130678 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Oct 2023Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) generated in the production process of oil is harmful to human severely as a kind of carcinogenic substance. In this study, the qualitative and...
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) generated in the production process of oil is harmful to human severely as a kind of carcinogenic substance. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative detection of BaP concentration in peanut oil was investigated based on Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods. The glass substrates and magnetron sputtered gold substrates for the Raman spectra were compared and the data preprocessing methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) were used to process Raman signal. Back propagation neural network (BPNN), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms were developed to obtain the qualitative and quantitative detection model of BaP concentration in peanut oil. The results showed that the Raman spectra with the glass substrate was more suitable for the BaP detection than magnetron sputtered gold substrates. RF combined with t-SNE could achieve an accuracy of 97.5% in the qualitative detection of BaP concentration levels in model validation experiment, and the correlation coefficient of the prediction set (R) in the quantitative detection was 0.9932, the root mean square error (RMSEP) was 0.8323 μg/kg and the bias was 0.1316 μg/kg. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning methods could provide an effective method for the rapid determination of BaP concentration in peanut oil.
Topics: Humans; Peanut Oil; Benzo(a)pyrene; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Neural Networks, Computer; Random Forest; Support Vector Machine; Least-Squares Analysis
PubMed: 37167744
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122806 -
Journal of Food Science Jun 2020Different chain lengths diacylglycerols (DAG) (long- and medium-chain) were synthesized from peanut and coconut oils. The effects of DAG with different chain lengths on...
Different chain lengths diacylglycerols (DAG) (long- and medium-chain) were synthesized from peanut and coconut oils. The effects of DAG with different chain lengths on body fat, blood lipids, and lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the liver and adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice were investigated. Compared to peanut and coconut oils containing triacylglycerol (TAG), DAG-rich oils can significantly reduce the body weight, kidney weight, serum triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme levels (p < 0.05) in C57BL/6J mice. Therefore, the effect of coconut oil DAG on improving body fat metabolism was probably due to the impact of DAG. Meanwhile, the body weight and serum TG content in coconut oil DAG group were lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. In addition, the spleen weight, hepatic ACC, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymes in coconut oil DAG group (0.07 ± 0.01 g, 2.08 ± 0.42 ng/mg pro, and 18.44 ± 5.23 ng/mg pro, respectively) were significantly lower than those in peanut oil DAG group. Although coconut oil DAG and peanut oil DAG have different fatty acid compositions, their effects on lipid metabolism showed no significant changes. Coconut oil DAG (peanut oil DAG) showed the improved lipid metabolism than that of coconut oil (peanut oil), which was probably due to the effect of DAG. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Peanut and coconut oils are common edible oils. The oil containing DAG synthesized decreased the body weight and lipid accumulation in mice. Coconut oil is rich in medium-chain fatty acids, while peanut oil mainly consists of long-chain fatty acids. Due to the different contents of fatty acids, the synthesized structural lipids have different effects on lipid metabolism. Medium-chain triglycerides were considered as agents to alleviate obesity.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Coconut Oil; Diglycerides; Fatty Acid Synthases; Fatty Acids; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoprotein Lipase; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Peanut Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 32421231
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15159 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Apr 2022Pesticide contamination in oil crops and processed products is an important food safety concern. The study was aimed to investigate the pesticide residue changes in...
BACKGROUND
Pesticide contamination in oil crops and processed products is an important food safety concern. The study was aimed to investigate the pesticide residue changes in press processing of peanut oil and frying of chips.
RESULTS
Five pesticides - chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, methoxyfenozide, azoxystrobin and propargite - which are often applied during growth period in peanut plants, were selected to investigate their residue changes in cold press processing of peanut oil and frying of potato chips. Results showed that the residues of the five pesticides were decreased by 3.1-42.6% during air-drying before oil pressing. The residues of chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, methoxyfenozide and propargite in peanut oil were 2.05-3.63 times higher than that in peanut meal after cold pressing of the oil, except for azoxystrobin having a slightly lower residue in peanut oil, with 0.92 times that in peanut meal. The processing factors of the five pesticides in peanut oil ranged from 1.17 to 2.73 and were highly related to the log K of the pesticides. The higher the log K , the more easily was the pesticide partitioned in the peanut oil. Besides, as frying time increase during preparation of chips, the concentration of pesticides in peanut oil decreased gradually by 6.7-22.1% compared to the first frying. In addition, 0.47-11.06% of the pesticides were transferred to the chips through frying with contaminated oil.
CONCLUSION
This is first report showing that pesticides can transfer from contaminated oil to chips. There exists a potential dietary health risk by using pesticide-contaminated oil for frying chips. This work could provide basic data for accurate dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in peanut oil and its frying products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Arachis; Chlorpyrifos; Cooking; Peanut Oil; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides
PubMed: 34689325
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11590 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jan 2022Storage is an important step after peanut harvest and drying. Many factors could affect the peanut quality during storage. The quality change differences of peanut after...
Storage is an important step after peanut harvest and drying. Many factors could affect the peanut quality during storage. The quality change differences of peanut after being dried by solar radiation and at 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C during later storage were investigated, including moisture content (MC) and germination percentage (GP) of peanut kernels, acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), vitamin E (VE) content and fatty acid composition (FAC) of extracted peanut oil. And the impact of four storage conditions, air-room temperature (A-RT), air-low temperature (A-LT), vacuum-room temperature (V-RT) and nitrogen-room temperature (N-RT) on peanut quality after 10 months' storage were also studied in this paper. The results revealed that drying conditions had only a little influence on peanut quality during later storage. Peanut dried by solar radiation was more easily oxidized than that dried under other drying conditions. The effects of storage time were much greater. The GP, AV, PV, VE content and FAC, showed significantly changes along with storage. GP and VE content decreased, AV and PV increased, and some linoleic acid was oxidized to oleic acid after 10 months' storage. In addition, A-LT exhibited best performance in keeping peanut quality than A-RT, V-RT and N-RT, which demonstrated that low temperature was more advantageous for peanut storage than controlled atmosphere. These results above would provide useful information and reference for the peanut storage to apply in food industry.
Topics: Acids; Arachis; Desiccation; Fatty Acids; Food Handling; Food Industry; Food Quality; Food Storage; Germination; Iodine; Peanut Oil; Peroxides; Sunlight; Temperature; Vitamin E; Water
PubMed: 34880148
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21146 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco ( and ) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac)...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco ( and ) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil's bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.
Topics: Peanut Oil; Antioxidants; Plant Oils; Virginia; Tocopherols; Fatty Acids; Vitamin E; Nutritive Value; Phytosterols; Arachis
PubMed: 36431807
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227709 -
International Journal of Biological... Aug 2020Plastic accumulation has destructive environmental impacts, so the world needs eco-friendly plastic alternatives. Within this context, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)... (Review)
Review
Plastic accumulation has destructive environmental impacts, so the world needs eco-friendly plastic alternatives. Within this context, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) appear to be real alternatives to the chemical plastics because they are biocompatible and biodegradable. Despite its similar properties to common plastics, PHAs use is still hampered by higher production costs. PHAs are produced by high density fed-batch cultivation, activated sludge, microbial consortia and continuous substrate supply, and a major cost associated with their production is the carbon source used for bacterial fermentation. Therefore, novel carbon sources have been studied for PHA production including, macro algae, peanut oil, crude glycerol and whey. PHAs were applied in myriad fields such as wood production, food packaging, 3D painting, cancer detection, treating ulcers as well as several agricultural and therapeutic applications. In this review, current knowledge of methods and novel carbon sources enhance the sustainability and reliability of PHAs in the prospective future.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biodegradable Plastics; Carbon; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Polyhydroxyalkanoates
PubMed: 32315677
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.076 -
TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics.... Mar 2024Integrating GAB methods with high-throughput phenotyping, genome editing, and speed breeding hold great potential in designing future smart peanut cultivars to meet... (Review)
Review
Integrating GAB methods with high-throughput phenotyping, genome editing, and speed breeding hold great potential in designing future smart peanut cultivars to meet market and food supply demands. Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume crop greatly valued for its nourishing food, cooking oil, and fodder, is extensively grown worldwide. Despite decades of classical breeding efforts, the actual on-farm yield of peanut remains below its potential productivity due to the complicated interplay of genotype, environment, and management factors, as well as their intricate interactions. Integrating modern genomics tools into crop breeding is necessary to fast-track breeding efficiency and rapid progress. When combined with speed breeding methods, this integration can substantially accelerate the breeding process, leading to faster access of improved varieties to farmers. Availability of high-quality reference genomes for wild diploid progenitors and cultivated peanuts has accelerated the process of gene/quantitative locus discovery, developing markers and genotyping assays as well as a few molecular breeding products with improved resistance and oil quality. The use of new breeding tools, e.g., genomic selection, haplotype-based breeding, speed breeding, high-throughput phenotyping, and genome editing, is probable to boost genetic gains in peanut. Moreover, renewed attention to efficient selection and exploitation of targeted genetic resources is also needed to design high-quality and high-yielding peanut cultivars with main adaptation attributes. In this context, the combination of genomics-assisted breeding (GAB), genome editing, and speed breeding hold great potential in designing future improved peanut cultivars to meet market and food supply demands.
Topics: Arachis; Plant Breeding; Fabaceae; Genomics; Vegetables
PubMed: 38438591
DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04575-3