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International Journal of Biological... Mar 2021In this report, we discuss the design of a novel collagen/pectin (CP) hybrid composite hydrogel (CPBG) containing in-situ mineralized bioactive glass (BG) particles to...
In this report, we discuss the design of a novel collagen/pectin (CP) hybrid composite hydrogel (CPBG) containing in-situ mineralized bioactive glass (BG) particles to simulate an integrative 3D cell environment. Systematic analysis of the CP sol revealed collagen and pectin molecules interacted regardless of both possessing similar net negative charge through the mechanism of surface patch binding interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed this associative interaction which resulted in the formation of a hybrid crosslinked network with the BG nanoparticles acting as pseudo crosslink junctions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results confirmed uniform mineralization of BG particles, and their synergetic interaction with the network. The in-vitro bioactivity tests on CPBG indicated the formation of bone-like hydroxyapatite (Ca(PO)(OH)) microcrystals on its surface after interaction with simulated body fluid. This hydrogel was loaded with a model antifungal drug amphotericin-B (AmB) and tested against Candida albicans. The AmB release kinetics from the hydrogel followed the Fickian mechanism and showed direct proportionality to gel swelling behavior. Rheological analysis revealed the viscoelastic compatibility of CPBG for the mechanical load bearing applications. Cell viability tests indicated appreciable compatibility of the hydrogel against U2OS and HaCaT cell lines. FDA/PI on the hydrogel portrayed preferential U2OS cell adhesion on hydrophobic hydroxyapatite layer compared to hydrophilic surfaces, thereby promising the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida albicans; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Collagen; Durapatite; Glass; Humans; Hydrogels; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanoparticles; Pectins; Rheology; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Thermogravimetry
PubMed: 33515570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.166 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Jun 2022In this research, sodium alginate-pectin composite (ALG-PEC CS) and nanocomposites (NCs) films with 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using CaCl...
In this research, sodium alginate-pectin composite (ALG-PEC CS) and nanocomposites (NCs) films with 0.5, 1, and 2 wt% TiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using CaCl and glutaraldehyde (Glu) as cross-linkers. The cross-linking produces rigid scaffolds for sedimentation of hydroxyapatite (HA), it can also decrease solubility in water and simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to 10% or less. The increase of the adsorbed water and SBF extends the pores and consequently the surface area for HA growth. Bioactive ability was confirmed via HA's presence on the all films. It was revealed that the film containing 2 wt% TiO NPs had the best bioactivity without any in vitro cytotoxicity on MG-63 cell line and the best antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus, and after 1 h all the bacteria were killed.
Topics: Alginates; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanocomposites; Pectins; Titanium
PubMed: 35287854
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119226 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Gravity is known as an important environmental factor involved in the regulation of plant architecture. To identify genes related to the gravitropism of Tartary...
Gravity is known as an important environmental factor involved in the regulation of plant architecture. To identify genes related to the gravitropism of Tartary buckwheat, a creeping line was obtained and designated as from the mutant bank by Co-γ ray radiation. Genetic analysis indicated that the creeping phenotype of was attributed to a single recessive locus. As revealed by the horizontal and inverted suspension tests, was completely lacking in shoot negative gravitropism. The creeping growth of occurred at the early seedling stage, which could not be recovered by exogenous heteroauxin, hormodin, α-rhodofix, or gibberellin. Different from the well-organized and equivalent cell elongation of wild type (WT), exhibited dilated, distorted, and abnormally arranged cells in the bending stem. However, no statistical difference of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels was found between the far- and near-ground bending sides in , which suggests that the asymmetric cell elongation of was not induced by auxin gradient. Whereas, showed up-expressed gibberellin-regulated genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as well as significantly higher levels of gibberellin, suggesting that gibberellin might be partly involved in the regulation of creeping growth in . RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to gravitropism at stages I (before bending), II (bending), and III (after bending) between WT and . Venn diagram indicated that only was down-expressed at stages I [Log fold change (LogFC): -3.20], II (LogFC: -4.97), and III (LogFC: -1.23) in , compared with WT. Gene sequencing revealed that a fragment deletion occurred in the coding region of , which induced the destruction of a pbH domain in of . qRT-PCR indicated that was extremely down-expressed in at stage II (0.02-fold of WT). Meanwhile, showed the affected expression of lignin- and cellulose-related genes and cumulatively abnormal levels of pectin, lignin, and cellulose. These results demonstrate the possibility that functions as the key gene that could mediate primary cell wall metabolism and get involved in the asymmetric cell elongation regulation of .
PubMed: 35574111
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.815131 -
Journal of Biomaterials Science.... Oct 2023This experiment was done to study the zeolite molecular sieve as a drug-binding effector, the non-antibiotic drug potassium diformate uniformly disperse in the internal...
This experiment was done to study the zeolite molecular sieve as a drug-binding effector, the non-antibiotic drug potassium diformate uniformly disperse in the internal aqueous phase of the 'egg box' structure formed by pectin-calcium ions. With oil phase as the intermediate phase and Xanthan gum Chitosan as the external water phase, the W/O/W type sustained release bacteriostatic microcapsules with pH response were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric, SEM, and TEM. It can be obtained through characterization experiments that the inner water phase, oil phase, and outer water phase were formed by observation, and W/O/W emulsion microcapsules were obtained and the bacteriostasis effect of microcapsules was verified by bacteriostasis experiment. The permeance experiment showed that the molecular sieve was successfully coated in the microsphere. Studying on drug release mechanism and sustaining release performance of composite emulsion microcapsules. drug release study showed that the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of microcapsules were improved by adding molecular sieve, reaching 12.31% and 61.55%, respectively. At the same time, we observed that the drug release rate slowed down during the simulated intestinal release process, and the drug release kinetics were in line with the first-order kinetic model and Ritger-Peppas model equation. Experiments had proven that the drug-loaded microcapsules exerted a significant bacteriostatic effect on , , and , with the highest antibacterial rates of 97.25%, 94.05%, and 95.93%, respectively. Therefore, the composite emulsion microcapsules can be used as a new controlled-release drug delivery system .
PubMed: 37161405
DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2211499 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022Numerous research studies have evaluated factors influencing the nature and levels of phenolics and polysaccharides in food matrices. However, in grape and wines most of... (Review)
Review
Numerous research studies have evaluated factors influencing the nature and levels of phenolics and polysaccharides in food matrices. However, in grape and wines most of these works have approach these classes of compounds individually. In recent years, the number of publications interconnecting classes have increased dramatically. The present review relates the last decade's findings on the relationship between phenolics and polysaccharides from grapes, throughout the entire winemaking process up to evaluating the impact of their relationship on the red wine sensory perception. The combination and interconnection of the most recent research studies, from single interactions in model wines to the investigation of the formation of complex macromolecules, brings the perfect story line to relate the relationship between phenolics and polysaccharides from the vineyard to the glass. Grape pectin is highly reactive toward grape and grape derived phenolics. Differences between grape cultivars or changes during grape ripeness will affect the extractability of these compounds into the wines. Therefore, the nature of the grape components will be crucial to understand the subsequent reactions occurring between phenolics and polysaccharide of the corresponding wines. It has been demonstrated that they can form very complex macromolecules which affect wine color, stability and sensory properties.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Cell Wall; Fruit; Pectins; Phenols; Polysaccharides; Proanthocyanidins; Vitis; Wine
PubMed: 33951953
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1918056 -
Planta Jan 2021Starch and sucrose metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction pathways play a dominate role in recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var....
Starch and sucrose metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction pathways play a dominate role in recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). RGMS is common in plants and has been widely applied as an effective and economic system for hybrid seed production in many crops. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of RGMS in cabbage. Hence, full-length transcriptomic and physiological analysis were performed in the spontaneous RGMS mutant RMS3185A and its near-isogenic fertile line (NIL) RMS3185B of small (< 1.6 mm in diameter), medium (~ 2.5 mm in diameter), and large floral buds (~ 3.4 mm in diameter) to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with RMGS. The pollen abnormalities between RMS3185B and RMS3185A appeared at the large floral bud stage. In contrast with RMS3185B, the mature anthers and stamens of RMS3185A were shorter than those of RMS3185B, and the anthers did not dehiscent. The concentrations of glucose, fructose, trehalose, starch, and cellulose in RMS3185A were all significantly lower than those in large floral buds of RMS3185B. PacBio sequencing results showed that DEGs were mainly concentrated in large floral bud stage. In combination with the KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs in GO terms related to cell wall, pollen and anther, pentose and glucuronate interconversions (ko00040), starch and sucrose metabolism (ko00500), and plant-pathogen interaction (ko04626) were significantly enriched. Among which, cell-wall/pectin-related genes of eighteen PEI, twenty-two PEL, three PG, and fifteen PGL involved in ko00040, and one UGDH, one SPS, four CWINV, four TPP/TPS, and four EGL involved in ko00500, as well as plant-pathogen interaction genes, including sixteen calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), one cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC), and twenty-three calcium-binding protein CML (CML), were significantly down-regulated in RMS3185A relative to that in RMS3185B. Besides, genes involved in ko04626, including two CML and one transcription factor WRKY33, were up-regulated in RMS3185A relative to that in RMS3185B. In conclusion, we hypothesized that the expression alterations of these genes were responsible for calcium signaling and sugar metabolism, thus affecting the occurrence of RGMS in cabbage.
Topics: Brassica; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Infertility; Plant Proteins; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33399991
DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03542-8 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Oct 2021Several studies are described that contribute to the systematic exploration of new aspects of digestion, fermentation, and biological activities of pectic... (Review)
Review
Several studies are described that contribute to the systematic exploration of new aspects of digestion, fermentation, and biological activities of pectic polysaccharides (PPS) leading to a better understanding of prebiotics. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be associated with the dysbacteriosis induced by different environmental agents in genetically susceptible persons. PPS are considered as an indispensable gut-microbiota-accessible carbohydrate that play a dominant role in maintaining gut microbiota balance and show a better effect in ameliorating IBD than some traditional prebiotics. The aim of this review is to summarize the fermentation characteristics of PPS, highlight its role in improving IBD, and propose a view that PPS may be a new and effective prebiotic.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Colitis; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Dysbiosis; Female; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mice; Pectins; Polysaccharides; Prebiotics; Rats
PubMed: 34364621
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118377 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2019Male-sterile plants provide an important breeding tool for the heterosis of hybrid crops, such as Brassicaceae. In the last decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel...
Male-sterile plants provide an important breeding tool for the heterosis of hybrid crops, such as Brassicaceae. In the last decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a novel class of covalently closed and single-stranded endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), have received much attention because of their functions as "microRNA (miRNA) sponges" and "competing endogenous RNAs" (ceRNAs). However, the information about circRNAs in the regulation of male-sterility and anther development is limited. In this study, we established the Polima cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) line "Bcpol97-05A", and the fertile line, "Bcajh97-01B", in L. ssp. Makino, syn. ssp. , and performed RNA expression profiling comparisons between the flower buds of the sterile line and fertile line by whole-transcriptome sequencing. A total of 31 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, 47 DE miRNAs, and 4779 DE mRNAs were identified. By using Cytoscape, the miRNA-mediated regulatory network and ceRNA network were constructed, and the circRNA A02:23507399|23531438 was hypothesized to be an important circRNA regulating anther development at the post-transcriptional level. The gene ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that miRNAs and circRNAs could regulate the orderly secretion and deposition of cellulose, sporopollenin, pectin, and tryphine; the timely degradation of lipids; and the programmed cell death (PCD) of tapetum cells, which play key roles in anther development. Our study revealed a new circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, which is involved in the anther development of which enriched the understanding of CMS in flowering plants, and laid a foundation for further study on the functions of circRNAs and miRNAs during anther development.
Topics: Brassica; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Regulatory Networks; MicroRNAs; Phenotype; Plant Development; RNA, Circular; RNA, Messenger; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31569708
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194808 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Feb 2020Ultrasonication is an emerging nonthermal process to extract pectins and pectic-polysaccharides from natural sources. This review aimed to highlight recent results of... (Review)
Review
Ultrasonication is an emerging nonthermal process to extract pectins and pectic-polysaccharides from natural sources. This review aimed to highlight recent results of techno-functional (e.g., water and oil holding capacities, foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, rheological and pasting properties, and tin corrosion inhibitory activity) and biofunctional (e.g., antioxidant, antiradical, antiglycation, anticoagulant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and analgesic activities) properties of pectins extracted using both single and combined sonication modes. Integrating the ultrasound with other techniques (e.g., microwave heating and enzymatic digestion) can significantly increase the cell disruption, better penetration, and mass transfer of pectins at a shorter time. The ultrasound-microwave (UMAE) and ultrasound-enzyme (UEAE) assisted extraction systems compared to the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) can more improve the techno-functional quality of pectins and their body's healing capacity to accomplish optimum health and functioning. The current opportunities and promising perspectives are also presented to enhance the pectin bioavailability in clinical studies.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Chemical Fractionation; Emulsifying Agents; Fruit; Humans; Pectins; Ultrasonic Waves; Vegetables
PubMed: 31826438
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115474 -
Environmental Research Aug 2023The current study aimed to investigate the toxicity of positively charged polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) polymer and its complexation with different anionic natural...
The current study aimed to investigate the toxicity of positively charged polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) polymer and its complexation with different anionic natural polymers such as k-carrageenan (kCG), chondroitin sulfate (CS), sodium alginate (Alg.Na), polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS.Na) and hydrolyzed pectin (HP). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized PHMG and its combination with anionic polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) namely PHMG:PECs were characterized using zeta potential, XPS, FTIR, and TG analysis. Furthermore, cytotoxic behavior of the PHMG and PHMG:PECs, respectively, were evaluated using human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). The study results revealed that the PHMG alone had slightly higher cytotoxicity to the HepG2 cells than the prepared polyelectrolyte complexes such as PHMG:PECs. The PHMG:PECs showed a significant reduction of cytotoxicity to the HepG2 cells than the pristine PHMG alone. A reduction of PHMG toxicity was observed may be due to the facile formation of complexation between the positively charged PHMG and negatively charged anionic natural polymers such as kCG, CS, Alg. Na, PSS.Na and HP, respectively, via charge balance or neutralization. The experimental results indicate that the suggested method might significantly lower PHMG toxicity while improving biocompatibility.
Topics: Humans; Disinfectants; Guanidine; Polyelectrolytes; Guanidines; Cell Line
PubMed: 37201704
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116172