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Polymers May 2023In recent years, natural polysaccharides have been widely used in the preparation of drug delivery systems. In this paper, novel polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were...
In recent years, natural polysaccharides have been widely used in the preparation of drug delivery systems. In this paper, novel polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were prepared by layer-by-layer assembly technology using silica as a template. The layers of nanoparticles were constructed based on the electrostatic interaction between a new pectin named NPGP and chitosan (CS). The targeting ability of nanoparticles was formed by grafting the RGD peptide, a tri-peptide motif containing arginine, glycine, and aspartic acid with high affinity to integrin receptors. The layer-by-layer assembly nanoparticles (RGD-(NPGP/CS)NPGP) exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency (83.23 ± 6.12%), loading capacity (76.51 ± 1.24%), and pH-sensitive release property for doxorubicin. The RGD-(NPGP/CS)NPGP nanoparticles showed better targeting to HCT-116 cells, the integrin αvβ3 high expression human colonic epithelial tumor cell line with higher uptake efficiency than MCF7 cells, the human breast carcinoma cell line with normal integrin expression. In vitro antitumor activity tests showed that the doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the proliferation of the HCT-116 cells. In conclusion, RGD-(NPGP/CS)NPGP nanoparticles have potential as novel anticancer drug carriers because of their good targeting and drug-carrying activity.
PubMed: 37299309
DOI: 10.3390/polym15112510 -
Voprosy Pitaniia 2021Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a widespread disorder associated with a number of metabolic disorders. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical...
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a widespread disorder associated with a number of metabolic disorders. Lifestyle modification, including diet and physical activity are currently a first-line treatment for the disease. However, there is lack of specialized products (SP) with modified carbohydrate and fat composition, containing biologically active ingredients with proven physiological effects on the liver for this disorder. of the paper is to summarize present knowledge on the biologically active ingredients with proven hepatoprotective effect and to describe the process of the development of two specialized products for clinical use in patients with NASH. . Food ingredients containing soy and milk proteins, soluble dietary fiber, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, soy lecithin, L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, α-lipoic acid, betaine, flavoring and aromatic additives were used in the development of SP formulations. The mass fraction of moisture in the SP was determined by the thermo-gravimetric method on a humidity analyzer, and the water activity was determined by measuring the dew point. The nutritional and energy value of the SP was calculated using data from chemical composition tables and information from manufacturers of food ingredients. . Taking into account the requirements for dietary therapy, the ingredient composition was scientifically justified and the formulations of two SP with a balanced amino acid composition were developed by using a combination of milk whey proteins, casein and soy protein isolate. The fat component included microencapsulated rapeseed oil, that is a source of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with the addition of ω-3 PUFAs. The carbohydrate composition was modified by eliminating mono- and disaccharides, traditionally used in sweet drinks, and adding maltodextrin in combination with sweeteners (polyols and natural sweeteners). Polydextrose, citrus pectin, inulin, and hydrolyzed guar gum are used as soluble dietary fibers. The SP included essential micronutrients (vitamins, mineral substances) and bioactive substances that have a proven physiological effect (coenzyme Q10, α-lipoic acid, L-carnitine, betaine hydrochloride, phospholipids). Technical documentation was developed and a pilot batch of SP-1 was developed for inclusion in the complex treatment of patients with NASH. . The formulations and technology of SP (SP-1, SP-2) for therapeutic nutrition with a given chemical composition, designed to optimize the diet therapy of patients with NASH, have been developed. SP are sources of animal and vegetable proteins, soluble dietary fiber, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, including ω-3 family, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as bioactive substances with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effect. The technical documentation was developed and approved, according to which a pilot batch of SP-1 was produced to assess its effectiveness as a part of complex therapy of patients with NASH.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans; Micronutrients; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 34019353
DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-2-100-109 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2021Flesh firmness of watermelon is an important quality trait for commercial fruit values, including fruit storability, transportability, and shelf life. To date, knowledge...
Flesh firmness of watermelon is an important quality trait for commercial fruit values, including fruit storability, transportability, and shelf life. To date, knowledge of the gene networks underlying this trait is still limited. Herein, we used weighted genes co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) based on correlation and the association of phenotypic data (cell wall contents) with significantly differentially expressed genes between two materials, a near isogeneic line "HWF" (with high average flesh firmness) and inbred line "203Z" (with low average flesh firmness), to identify the gene networks responsible for changes in fruit flesh firmness. We identified three gene modules harboring 354 genes; these gene modules demonstrated significant correlation with water-soluble pectin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and protopectin. Based on intramodular significance, eight genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and ethylene pathway are identified as hub genes within these modules. Among these genes, two genes, (Cellulose synthase) and (Pectinesterase), were significantly correlated with cellulose ( = 0.83) and protopectin ( = 0.81); three genes, (ERF1), (Cellulose synthase), and (Galactosyltransferase), had a significant correlation with water-soluble pectin ( = 0.91), cellulose ( = 0.9), and protopectin ( = 0.92); and three genes, (ERF2a), (probable glycosyltransferase), and (Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase), were correlated with hemicellulose ( = 0.85), cellulose ( = 0.8), and protopectin ( = 0.8). This study generated important insights of biosynthesis of a cell wall structure and ethylene signaling transduction pathway, the mechanism controlling the flesh firmness changes in watermelon, which provide a significant source to accelerate future functional analysis in watermelon to facilitate crop improvement.
PubMed: 34239519
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630243 -
Protective, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Grapefruit IntegroPectin on SH-SY5Y Cells.International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Tested in vitro on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin is a powerful protective, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent. The strong antioxidant...
Tested in vitro on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, grapefruit IntegroPectin is a powerful protective, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent. The strong antioxidant properties of this new citrus pectin, and its ability to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology, severely impaired in neurodegenerative disorders, make it an attractive therapeutic and preventive agent for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated brain disorders. Similarly, the ability of this pectic polymer rich in RG-I regions, as well as in naringin, linalool, linalool oxide and limonene adsorbed at the outer surface, to inhibit cell proliferation or even kill, at high doses, neoplastic cells may have opened up new therapeutic strategies in cancer research. In order to take full advantage of its vast therapeutic and preventive potential, detailed studies of the molecular mechanism involved in the antiproliferative and neuroprotective of this IntegroPectin are urgently needed.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Citrus paradisi; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Neuroblastoma; Neuroprotective Agents; Pectins; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 34502276
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179368 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Mar 2023The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w...
The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w and/or agar-based disks; 0.3, 1.2 and 3% w/w) in pectin-based gels on the perception of textural complexity. A full factorial design was utilised, 16 samples were characterised with sensory and instrumental tests. Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) was performed by 50 untrained participants. RATA selection frequency provided different information to attribute intensity regarding the detection of low yield stress inserts. In the two-component samples, the perception of textural complexity (n = 89) increased with insert yield stress for both к-carrageenan beads and agar disks. However, with the addition of medium and high yield stress к-carrageenan beads to three-component samples, the increases in perceived textural complexity caused by increased agar yield stress were eliminated. The definition of textural complexity, the number and intensity of texture sensations, as well as their interactions and contrasts, was in line with the results, and the hypothesis that not only mechanical properties but also the interaction of components play a key role in the perception of textural complexity.
Topics: Humans; Agar; Carrageenan; Food; Pectins; Perception
PubMed: 36869533
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112533 -
Assay and Drug Development Technologies Jan 2022Mesalamine is the first-line choice of drug for ulcerative colitis management. However, due to the nontargeted delivery of mesalamine, it shows side effects. The...
Mesalamine is the first-line choice of drug for ulcerative colitis management. However, due to the nontargeted delivery of mesalamine, it shows side effects. The possible impact of mesalamine can be improved by coated microparticles in combination with for targeted delivery to the colon with the prevention of unwanted side effects. In this work, pectin-based mesalamine and loaded microparticles were prepared by dehydration technique and coated by an oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method and characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and zeta analysis. 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was used for the induction of colitis. The anti-inflammatory effects of coated microparticles on Caco-2 cells were assessed by the determination of interleukin (IL)-8 concentration. In addition, the impact of coated microparticles on the concentration of colonic enzymes, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxides, and glutathione (GSH), were also evaluated. Moreover, hematological parameters, including white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were assessed. SEM data revealed that all the prepared coated microparticles had an almost spherical shape. The X-ray powder diffraction analysis of uncoated and coated microparticles showed maximum stability without any interaction. The particle size of uncoated and coated microparticles was 9.14 and 15.61 μm, respectively. The zeta potential of uncoated and coated microparticles was observed to be -26.78 and -29.36 mV, respectively. The prepared coated microparticles decreased the levels of lipid peroxides, MPO, and GSH significantly in colitis. In the Caco-2 cell culture model, the concentration of IL-8 is decreased significantly. The hematological observations confirmed that the prepared formulation showed a promising decrease in the levels of WBC, CRP, and ESR in diseased animals. Animal experiments revealed that cellulose acetate phthalate coated microparticles of mesalamine and significantly improved the colitis disease conditions of Wistar rats. Hence, cellulose acetate phthalate-coated microparticles of mesalamine and could be recommended as adjuvant therapy to achieve a synergistic effect in the management of UC. Lay summary Mesalamine is the drug of choice for the management of ulcerative colitis (UC), which inhibits mediators responsible for inflammation. We investigated the effects of cellulose acetate phthalate-coated microparticles of mesalamine with (probiotic) for their efficacy against UC. Our findings evidenced that the combination of mesalamine with showed a synergistic effect in the 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model by reducing the inflammation and maintains the macroscopic features. From the observed results, it can be concluded that can be used to enhance the individual drug's effect in the therapeutic management of UC.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Colitis, Ulcerative; Humans; Mesalamine; Pectins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saccharomyces boulardii
PubMed: 34780287
DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.052 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022(T.T. Herbert) M.E. Barr is a major fungal phytopathogen that causes blast disease in cereals, resulting in economic losses worldwide. An in-depth understanding of the...
(T.T. Herbert) M.E. Barr is a major fungal phytopathogen that causes blast disease in cereals, resulting in economic losses worldwide. An in-depth understanding of the basis of virulence and ecological adaptation of is vital for devising effective disease management strategies. Here, we aimed to determine the genomic basis of the pathogenicity and underlying biochemical pathways in using the genome sequence of a pearl millet-infecting PMg_Dl generated by dual NGS techniques, Illumina NextSeq 500 and PacBio RS II. The short and long nucleotide reads could be draft assembled in 341 contigs and showed a genome size of 47.89 Mb with the N50 value of 765.4 Kb. PMg_Dl showed an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 86% and 98% with and , respectively. The gene-calling method revealed a total of 10,218 genes and 10,184 protein-coding sequences in the genome of PMg_Dl. InterProScan of predicted protein showed a distinct 3637 protein families and 695 superfamilies in the PMg_Dl genome. virulence analysis revealed the presence of 51VFs and 539 CAZymes in the genome. The genomic regions for the biosynthesis of cellulolytic endo-glucanase and beta-glucosidase, as well as pectinolytic endo-polygalacturonase, pectin-esterase, and pectate-lyases (pectinolytic) were detected. Signaling pathways modulated by MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and mTOR were also deciphered. Multicopy sequences suggestive of transposable elements such as Type LTR, LTR/Copia, LTR/Gypsy, DNA/TcMar-Fot1, and Type LINE were recorded. The genomic resource presented here will be of use in the development of molecular marker and diagnosis, population genetics, disease management, and molecular taxonomy, and also provide a genomic reference for ascomycetous genome investigations in the future.
PubMed: 35736098
DOI: 10.3390/jof8060614 -
A Guide to Elucidate the Hidden Multicomponent Layered Structure of Plant Cuticles by Raman Imaging.Frontiers in Plant Science 2021The cuticle covers almost all plant organs as the outermost layer and serves as a transpiration barrier, sunscreen, and first line of defense against pathogens. Waxes,...
The cuticle covers almost all plant organs as the outermost layer and serves as a transpiration barrier, sunscreen, and first line of defense against pathogens. Waxes, fatty acids, and aromatic components build chemically and structurally diverse layers with different functionality. So far, electron microscopy has elucidated structure, while isolation, extraction, and analysis procedures have revealed chemistry. With this method paper, we close the missing link by demonstrating how Raman microscopy gives detailed information about chemistry and structure of the native cuticle on the microscale. We introduce an optimized experimental workflow, covering the whole process of sample preparation, Raman imaging experiment, data analysis, and interpretation and show the versatility of the approach on cuticles of a spruce needle, a tomato peel, and an Arabidopsis stem. We include laser polarization experiments to deduce the orientation of molecules and multivariate data analysis to separate cuticle layers and verify their molecular composition. Based on the three investigated cuticles, we discuss the chemical and structural diversity and validate our findings by comparing models based on our spectroscopic data with the current view of the cuticle. We amend the model by adding the distribution of cinnamic acids and flavonoids within the cuticle layers and their transition to the epidermal layer. Raman imaging proves as a non-destructive and fast approach to assess the chemical and structural variability in space and time. It might become a valuable tool to tackle knowledge gaps in plant cuticle research.
PubMed: 34975980
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.793330 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020This study aimed to identify and quantify the chemical composition and polyphenolic profile of 19 cultivars of Chaenomeles × superba, a, and by liquid chromatography...
ABTS On-Line Antioxidant, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase, Pancreatic Lipase, Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Fruits Determined by Polyphenols and other Chemical Compounds.
This study aimed to identify and quantify the chemical composition and polyphenolic profile of 19 cultivars of Chaenomeles × superba, a, and by liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS). Antioxidant (ABTS on-line, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC), as well as in vitro biological activities, i.e., the ability to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) were determined. Most of the species and cultivars analyzed in this study have not been examined in this respect until now. Fruits contained 30.26 to 195.05 mg of vitamin C, 0.65 to 1.69 g of pectin, 0.32 to 0.64 g of ash, 0.60 to 3.98 g of sugars, and 41.64 to 110.31 g of organic acids in 100 g fresh weight. The lowest content of total polyphenols showed 'Rubra' (57.84 g/kg dry weight, dw) while × 'Nicoline' (170.38 g/kg dw) exhibited the highest concentration of those compounds. In the phenolic compounds, polymeric procyanidin fraction predominated (65%) with procyanidin B2, C1, and (-)-epicatechin the most abundant. The antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS assay was mainly formed by polymeric procyanidins and flavan-3-ols, which was confirmed by ABTS on-line profiling. Chaenomeles fruits showed high potential for inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The analyzed cultivars displayed greater potential for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition than for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The data indicate that Chaenomeles fruits could be regarded as a promising source of bioactive functional food.
PubMed: 31936619
DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010060 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2022Colorectal cancer was inducted in Wister rats using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treatment using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and...
Colorectal cancer was inducted in Wister rats using titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and treatment using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and curcumin (CUR), individually and following a synergistic approach. Compatibility studies are evaluated by using FT-IR spectra analysis, and Vero cell lines as well as HCT-116 cell lines are used for evaluating the synergistic approach. It was then followed by induction of colorectal cancer in rats for 70 days and treatment using 5-FU and CUR with pectin coating (individually and in combination) for 28 days. The reports state that 5-FU and CUR combination was found to be compatible. The synergistic effect was evaluated for1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 2:1 ratio of 5-FU:CUR, where 1:4 ratio shows a CI value of 0.853, selected further for the animal studies. The 1:4 ratio of 5-FU and CUR (50:200) shows to be effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer within 28 days, proven using histopathology report, bodyweight analysis, and hematological reports. 5-FU and CUR (1:4) ratio with pectin coating was proven effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer induced by TiONPs with DMH and was found to produce a synergistic effect.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Curcumin; Dimethylhydrazines; Fluorouracil; Pectins; Rats, Wistar; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Titanium
PubMed: 35459988
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20208-y