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Current Problems in Pediatric and... Sep 2020
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 32952064
DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100872 -
Childhood Obesity (Print) Jan 2022
Topics: Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 34870485
DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0291 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2023In 1997, the World Health Organization declared obesity a global epidemic. Despite multiple efforts, obesity rates have been exponentially increasing for the past few... (Review)
Review
In 1997, the World Health Organization declared obesity a global epidemic. Despite multiple efforts, obesity rates have been exponentially increasing for the past few decades. In the last few years, obesity rates have reached an alarming number. Multiple factors play a role in pediatric obesity, such as diet, sedentarism, and poor sleep, as well as psychosocial and environmental factors. Pediatricians and primary care providers are key in the management of overweight and obesity. They have the advantage of observing children over a long period of time, having a family centered perspective, and often being seen as a reliable source of information. Studies have shown that not only is obesity underdiagnosed, but there is a lack of knowledge among physicians and available resources regarding pediatric obesity. This article reviews the principles of prevention in a primary care outpatient setting. Additionally, it discusses some of the challenges commonly faced when addressing pediatric obesity. .
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Primary Health Care; Diet; Physicians
PubMed: 36779884
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-04 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Jul 2020Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Obesity has become a serious public health problem and family- and school-based interventions including physical exercise and diet control have been widely applied to attempt to combat this issue. The purpose of our study was to verify the effectiveness of an obesity-related comprehensive intervention model aimed at improving quality of life (QoL) among adolescents.
METHODS
A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving 948 subjects who were divided into an intervention group (n = 518) and a control group (n = 430). The intervention group received 1 year of obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control. Their baseline body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and their QoL and basic information were assessed both before and after the intervention period using a self-designed Adolescent Quality of Life Scale and a basic information questionnaire.
RESULTS
After the intervention, significant differences in the psychological, social, and pubertal dimensions, and in total QoL (P < 0.05) were observed in the intervention group relative to the control group. Improved psychological QoL in the intervention group was our most robust study finding, with increases in psychological (B = 1.883, SE = 0.646, P = 0.004), pubertal (B = 0.853, SE = 0.296, P = 0.004) and total (B = 3.024, SE = 1.214, P = 0.013) QoL all being higher in this group. This intervention effect was found to be more substantial in boys than in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Family-individual-school-based interventions combining obesity-related health education, physical exercise, and diet control can improve psychological, pubertal, and total QoL in children, with these effects being most pronounced in boys.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
retrospectively registered NCT02343588 .
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; China; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Pediatric Obesity; Quality of Life; School Health Services; Socioeconomic Factors; Students
PubMed: 32631401
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01459-0 -
Clinical Pediatrics Mar 2022While discussing obesity with pediatric patients and their families can be difficult, it is an essential step toward appropriate weight management. There is paucity of...
While discussing obesity with pediatric patients and their families can be difficult, it is an essential step toward appropriate weight management. There is paucity of data regarding language preferences when discussing obesity in this population. In this pilot qualitative study, we interviewed 8 parents of patients diagnosed with obesity to identify language and communication preferences for discussing their child's weight. Interviews were analyzed for emerging themes. Important trends appeared revealing that parents prefer neutral, medical terms discussed at well-child checks or obesity-specific visits. Providers should frame lifestyle changes as positive for all patients and set achievable goals with the help of visual aids. Our analysis uncovered several important communication strategies that can better equip providers to discuss obesity with their pediatric patients. This research may serve as a foundation for larger studies into the topic.
Topics: Adult; Chicago; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pediatric Obesity; Pilot Projects; Professional-Family Relations; Qualitative Research; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35001640
DOI: 10.1177/00099228211070390 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Feb 2021Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Approximately 2.6 million people die each year secondary to obesity related diseases. The risk of developing serious comorbidities depends on the age of onset as well as duration of obesity. In this review, we discuss trends in BMI trajectories from early childhood to adulthood with latest evidence on comorbidities in adulthood stemming from pediatric obesity and benefits of early intervention and treatment in childhood obesity.
RECENT FINDINGS
Childhood obesity poses high risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer in adulthood. Early life obesity also increases risks of developing menstrual irregularities, infertility, and pregnancy complications. Several grave concerns including malignancies, autoimmune disorders, higher asthma morbidity, and psychiatric implications are found to be associated with childhood obesity. Disease outcomes can be transgenerational, causing suboptimal health in children of mothers with obesity. Encouragingly, many risks associated with childhood obesity can be reduced, delayed, or even reversed by early resolution of obesity necessitating close BMI monitoring and treatment early.
SUMMARY
Early identification and aggressive management of childhood obesity is critical in prevention of debilitating comorbidities in adult life.
VIDEO ABSTRACT
http://links.lww.com/COE/A19.
Topics: Adult; Child; Comorbidity; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33229926
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000592 -
Pediatric Annals Feb 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 36779878
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230102-01 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Aug 2022In this review, we discuss new medical and surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In this review, we discuss new medical and surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. We review the impact of COVID-19 on this vulnerable population. We also discuss the recent availability of screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity.
RECENT FINDINGS
COVID-19 increased the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. This population is at increased risk for severe disease. The field of pediatric obesity has benefited from the approval of two new antiobesity medications: liraglutide and setmelanotide. We discuss indications for their use. New guidelines for surgical options for the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity are reviewed. These options are increasingly used as part of the comprehensive care for these children.
SUMMARY
The epidemic of childhood obesity continues. COVID-19 and the associated isolation contributed to the problem. However, promising new medical and surgical therapies and screening tests for rare genetic causes of obesity are available. These new diagnostic and therapeutic options bring renewed enthusiasm to the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity and increased recognition that obesity is a chronic disease starting in childhood deserving intervention to prevent consequences.
Topics: Adolescent; COVID-19; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence
PubMed: 35797460
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001150 -
Pediatric Obesity May 2022Despite decades of research and a multitude of prevention and treatment efforts, childhood obesity in the United States continues to affect nearly 1 in 5 (19.3%)... (Review)
Review
Despite decades of research and a multitude of prevention and treatment efforts, childhood obesity in the United States continues to affect nearly 1 in 5 (19.3%) children, with significantly higher rates among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour communities. This narrative review presents social foundations of structural racism that exacerbate inequity and disparity in the context of childhood obesity. The National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities' Research Framework guides the explication of structurally racist mechanisms that influence health disparities and contribute to childhood obesity: biologic and genetic, health behaviours, chronic toxic stress, the built environment, race and cultural identity, and the health care system. Strategies and interventions to combat structural racism and its effects on children and their families are reviewed along with strategies for research and implications for policy change. From our critical review and reflection, the subtle and overt effects of societal structures sustained from years of racism and the impact on the development and resistant nature of childhood obesity compel concerted action.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Racism; Systemic Racism; United States
PubMed: 34927392
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12878 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2022The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The global prevalence of childhood obesity has grown sharply in recent decades. Obesity is considered a public health problem which directly affects the health status of children in numerous ways. To combat this trend, integrated approaches are necessary to prevent childhood obesity. Strategies require a comprehensive perspective at individual and parental level alongside the adoption of measures to engage the community and environment.
SUMMARY
Prevention is addressed as crucial in limiting the pediatric obesity epidemic in the long term. Breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding are recognized as early dietary factors that affect the future risk of obesity development during the first 2 years of life. During childhood and adolescence, dietary patterns, eating habits, portion size, eating frequencies, and family meals are important dietary factors to target for preventive strategies, as well as parenting style which is influenced by parents' education. Physical activity promotion and the reduction of sedentary behavior are also recommended. The adherence of children and families to obesity prevention programs is highly dependent on socioeconomic factors. Moreover, setting food quality standards and public policies to promote healthy lifestyle habits is strongly advocated. The implementation of cost-effective preventive strategies is of high priority and requires an integrated approach by healthcare services. All stakeholders involved should take an active role in supporting and empowering children and families in order to cope with this multifactorial and complex disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Parenting; Parents; Pediatric Obesity; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 35679843
DOI: 10.1159/000524962