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West African Journal of Medicine Feb 2022
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 35271229
DOI: No ID Found -
Hospital Pediatrics Dec 2022Despite obesity's effect on pediatric patient health, the role of hospitalizations in recognizing and diagnosing pediatric obesity is poorly explored.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Despite obesity's effect on pediatric patient health, the role of hospitalizations in recognizing and diagnosing pediatric obesity is poorly explored.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric inpatients aged 2 to 18 years utilizing CERNER Health Facts database to determine the: (1) prevalence of obesity in a large, multicenter inpatient database, (2) appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, obesity diagnosis proportion, and (3) variables associated with appropriate obesity diagnosis. Covariates included patient demographics and hospital descriptors, which were summarized using frequencies, and differences across groups were compared using χ Square testing.
RESULTS
Of the hospitalized children with obesity (19.5%), only 13.2% had an appropriate obesity diagnosis. Appropriate obesity diagnosis increased with higher obesity class and was least common in the South census region at only 8.5%.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite pediatric hospitalizations being a potential area for recognition and intervention of obesity, the majority of hospitalized children do not receive an appropriate obesity diagnosis.
Topics: Child; Humans; United States; Inpatients; Retrospective Studies; Hospitalization; Pediatric Obesity; Child, Hospitalized
PubMed: 36325803
DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006723 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Nutrition interventions to prevent pediatric obesity can help to establish healthy habits to improve current and future health. The objective of this umbrella review of... (Review)
Review
Nutrition interventions to prevent pediatric obesity can help to establish healthy habits to improve current and future health. The objective of this umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) is to examine the impact of obesity prevention interventions with a nutrition component on body mass index measures, overweight/obesity prevalence, and cost-effectiveness in participants 2-17 years old. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods were used, and this umbrella review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023443033). Included SRs were required to search ≥2 databases and to assess the risk of bias (RoB) of primary studies, and they were published 2017-June 2023. Database searches identified 4776 articles, and 31 SRs were included. In all age groups combined, interventions with both nutrition and physical activity were effective and cost-effective in all settings combined, and in the community setting specifically. In children ≤5 years old, interventions in the home and family, community, and healthcare settings demonstrated some efficacy, whereas in children 6-12 years old, school interventions were most effective. Evidence with individuals 13-17 years was limited. The certainty of evidence was generally low due to RoB in included studies, inconsistency, and imprecision. Pediatric obesity prevention interventions with nutrition should be tailored to the developmental stage to ensure appropriateness and efficacy.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Pediatric Obesity; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Body Mass Index; Overweight; Exercise
PubMed: 38140356
DOI: 10.3390/nu15245097 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Dec 2022
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Hypertension
PubMed: 35925542
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04346-2 -
Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2022The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes of growth and puberty.
SUMMARY
Growth patterns of obesity during childhood have been shown to be associated with increased linear growth in early childhood, leading to accelerated epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) maturation. Several hormones secreted by the adipose tissue may affect linear growth in the context of obesity, both via the growth hormone IGF-1 axis and via a direct effect on the EGP. The observation that children with obesity tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the assumption that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to pubertal onset. The most probable link between obesity and puberty is leptin and its interaction with the kisspeptin system, which is an important regulator of puberty. However, peripheral action of adipose tissue could also be involved in changes in the onset of puberty. In addition, nutritional factors, epigenetics, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are potential mediators linking pubertal onset to obesity. In this review, we focused on interactions of obesity with linear growth and pubertal processes, based on basic research and clinical data in humans.
KEY MESSAGE
Children with obesity are subject to accelerated linear growth with risk of impaired adult height and early puberty, with its psychological consequences. The data highlight another important objective in combatting childhood obesity, for the prevention of abnormal growth and pubertal patterns.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Height; Child; Child, Preschool; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Puberty
PubMed: 34130293
DOI: 10.1159/000516171 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2020
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Telemedicine
PubMed: 32980195
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.09.006 -
Pediatric Research Dec 2023Studies have reported the relationship between functional constipation and obesity in pediatric population. However, the results are contradictory. The purpose of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Studies have reported the relationship between functional constipation and obesity in pediatric population. However, the results are contradictory. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible association between these two disorders in pediatric population.
METHODS
Four databases including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched until 30 September 2022. The review was done in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022328992) RESULTS: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria, including 7444 participants. Studies showed the risk of obesity was significantly increased in boys with functional constipation (CI: 1.12, 3.07; P = 0.016). Such an association was also observed in girls (CI: 1.42-4.47; P = 0.00). A statistically significant association was observed between overweight/obesity and increased risk of functional constipation in children and adolescents (CI: 1.14-3.97; P = 0.02). Especially in developed countries (CI: 1.49-3.46; P = 0.00); however, no significant association was observed in developing countries (CI: 0.81-5.3; P = 0.13).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a risk of obesity in either boys or girls with functional constipation. An association exists between the risk of functional constipation and children/adolescents with obesity, especially in developed countries, but not in developing countries.
IMPACT
Our study encourages further research in this field because early detection and intervention are crucial for both functional constipation and overweight/obesity in children, to better identify its complex biology and possibly optimize the treatment approaches.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Female; Humans; Child; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Constipation
PubMed: 37422494
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02711-1 -
Current Obesity Reports Dec 2023Review latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Review latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children.
RECENT FINDINGS
Prevalence of pediatric obesity in the USA continues to worsen particularly in rural, underserved areas. Although there is an increasing number of obesity medicine specialists over the last decade, availability varies by geographic location. Pre-pandemic centers were limited, rarely located in rural areas, and required in-person visits for reimbursement. Telemedicine changes, responding to pandemic needs, provided increase in telemedicine utilization and acceptance with similar or improved obesity care outcomes. Given pediatric obesity prevalence and need for chronic, effective obesity care, leveraging telemedicine to expand reach and decrease access barriers provides a critical and creative remedy. Data cites similar outcomes between telemedicine and in-person care. The time to reimagine a full spectrum of care delivery for pediatric obesity is now.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Telemedicine; Pandemics
PubMed: 37940835
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00537-w -
Pediatrics International : Official... Jan 2022The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient... (Review)
Review
The circadian clock system is an evolutionarily conserved system by which organisms adapt their metabolic activities to environmental inputs, including nutrient availability. The disruption of this system has been pathogenically linked to the disintegration of metabolic homeostasis, leading to the development of metabolic complications, including obesity. Lifestyle factors that disrupt this system have been found to be associated with the development of metabolic disorder, which is most evidenced by the finding that shift workers are at an increased risk of developing various disorders, such as obesity and obesity-related complications. Lifestyle factors that contribute to a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms have also been identified in children. A short sleep duration and skipping breakfast are prevalent in children and there is mounting evidence that these factors are associated with an increased risk of pediatric obesity; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Our current understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors that cause a misalignment between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms on the development of pediatric obesity is summarized herein, with a discussion of potential mechanistic factors.
Topics: Child; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Homeostasis; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 34525248
DOI: 10.1111/ped.14992 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Dec 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Public Health; Pediatric Obesity; Health Promotion; Educational Status
PubMed: 37949416
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.103004