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Current Obesity Reports Dec 2023Review latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Review latest data regarding the intersection of pediatric obesity epidemic with telemedicine expansion to meet the need of equitable obesity care in children.
RECENT FINDINGS
Prevalence of pediatric obesity in the USA continues to worsen particularly in rural, underserved areas. Although there is an increasing number of obesity medicine specialists over the last decade, availability varies by geographic location. Pre-pandemic centers were limited, rarely located in rural areas, and required in-person visits for reimbursement. Telemedicine changes, responding to pandemic needs, provided increase in telemedicine utilization and acceptance with similar or improved obesity care outcomes. Given pediatric obesity prevalence and need for chronic, effective obesity care, leveraging telemedicine to expand reach and decrease access barriers provides a critical and creative remedy. Data cites similar outcomes between telemedicine and in-person care. The time to reimagine a full spectrum of care delivery for pediatric obesity is now.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Telemedicine; Pandemics
PubMed: 37940835
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00537-w -
Pediatric Annals Nov 2021With the rapidly increasing numbers of children diagnosed with obesity, pediatricians are facing more and more challenges regarding the complex care of these patients....
With the rapidly increasing numbers of children diagnosed with obesity, pediatricians are facing more and more challenges regarding the complex care of these patients. Pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent cause of pediatric chronic liver disease, given its association with obesity. As NAFLD increases a child's risk of developing long-term complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, efficient diagnosis and effective management is paramount. This article aims to provide a brief overview of NALFD, and discuss the updated diagnosis and management approach for pediatric NAFLD, with a particular focus on the role of the pediatrician. .
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Child; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 34757877
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20211019-02 -
Complementary Therapies in Medicine Dec 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Public Health; Pediatric Obesity; Health Promotion; Educational Status
PubMed: 37949416
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2023.103004 -
Pediatric Obesity Mar 2020Pediatric obesity impacts on multiple domains of psychological health, including self-esteem and body image. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Pediatric obesity impacts on multiple domains of psychological health, including self-esteem and body image.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of multicomponent pediatric obesity treatment interventions on self-esteem and body image.
METHODS
A systematic search of published literature up to June 2019 was undertaken using electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO. Eligible studies implemented an obesity treatment intervention, including a dietary and physical activity component with/without a behavioral component, in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, and assessed self-esteem and/or body image. Data were extracted by one reviewer and cross-checked. Meta-analysis was used to combine outcome data and moderator analysis conducted to identify intervention characteristics influencing outcomes.
RESULTS
64 studies were identified. Meta-analysis of 49 studies (n = 10471) indicated that pediatric obesity treatment results in increased self-esteem postintervention (standardized mean difference, [SE] 0.34 [0.03], P < .001, I 87%), maintained at follow-up (0.35 [0.05] P < .001, I 79%, 17 studies). Similarly, meta-analysis of 40 studies (n = 2729) indicated improvements in body image postintervention (0.40 [0.03], P < .001, I 73%), maintained at follow-up (0.41 [0.08], P < .001, I 89%, 16 studies).
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric obesity treatment improves self-esteem and body image in the short and medium term. These findings may underpin improvements in other psychological outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Image; Child; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Self Concept; Weight Loss
PubMed: 32020780
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12600 -
Pediatric Obesity Oct 2023Obesity in paediatrics has become one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide. Paediatric obesity leads to increased adult obesity and is associated with... (Review)
Review
Obesity in paediatrics has become one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide. Paediatric obesity leads to increased adult obesity and is associated with several comorbidities, both physical and psychological. Within gastroenterology, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of paediatric liver disease and the most common cause of liver transplantation in young adults. Treatment for NAFLD largely focuses on treatment of obesity with weight loss strategies. Unfortunately, the traditional method of weight loss using multicomponent lifestyle modification (dietary changes, increased exercise and behavioural modification) has often led to disappointing results. In adult patients with obesity, treatment strategies have evolved to include bariatric surgery and, more recently, bariatric endoscopy. In paediatrics, the obesity and NAFLD epidemics will likely require this variety of treatment to address children in a personalized manner. Here, we present a review of paediatric obesity, paediatric NAFLD and the various treatment strategies to date. We focus on non-pharmacologic and emerging therapies, including bariatric surgery and bariatric endoscopy-based treatments. With such a large population of children and adolescents with obesity, further development of these treatments, including paediatric-focused clinical trials, is essential for these emerging modalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Child; Pediatric Obesity; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Bariatric Surgery; Behavior Therapy
PubMed: 37602954
DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13067 -
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical... Apr 2021Pediatric obese asthma is a complex disease that remains poorly understood. The increasing worldwide incidence of both asthma and obesity over the last few decades,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Pediatric obese asthma is a complex disease that remains poorly understood. The increasing worldwide incidence of both asthma and obesity over the last few decades, their current high prevalence and the challenges in treating obese asthmatic patients all highlight the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in obese asthma. While it is well established that patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing asthma, the mechanisms by which obesity drives the onset of asthma, and modifies existing asthma, remain unclear. Here, we will focus on mechanisms by which obesity alters immune function in asthma.
RECENT FINDINGS
Lung parenchyma has an altered structure in some pediatric obese asthmatics, known as dysanapsis. Central adiposity is linked to reduced pulmonary function and a better predictor of asthma risk in children than BMI. Obesity in young children is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma, as well as early puberty, and hormonal alterations are implicated in obese asthma. Obesity and asthma each yield immunometabolic dysregulation separately and we are learning more about alterations in these pathways in pediatric obese asthma and the potential impact of bariatric surgery on those processes.
SUMMARY
The recent progress in clarifying the connections between childhood obesity and asthma and their combined impacts on immune function moves us closer to the goals of improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning obese asthma and improved therapeutic target selection. However, this common inflammatory disease remains understudied, especially in children, and much remains to be learned.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Immunity; Lung; Pediatric Obesity; Prevalence
PubMed: 33620885
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000725 -
The American Psychologist 2020A growing body of research supports the potential importance of behavioral and social routines for children's health promotion and obesity risk reduction. Evidence in... (Review)
Review
A growing body of research supports the potential importance of behavioral and social routines for children's health promotion and obesity risk reduction. Evidence in support of this comes from multiple lines of research, which suggest that specific behavioral routines, namely, eating and sleep routines, may be protective against excessive weight gain and development of pediatric obesity. Emerging work also supports the potential importance of the timing of these behavioral routines. From a circadian perspective, alignment of behavioral and social routines with underlying circadian rhythms may be particularly important for enhancing children's weight regulation. Specifically, engaging in appropriately timed behavioral routines may serve to entrain circadian rhythms that affect metabolism and weight regulation. Thus, in addition to promoting healthier eating, activity, and sleep behaviors for prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity, it may also be important to consider promotion of consistency in, and optimal timing of, these behaviors in an effort to enhance extant prevention and treatment approaches. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child; Child Behavior; Circadian Rhythm; Diet; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Sleep; Social Behavior
PubMed: 32052991
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000599 -
Current Obesity Reports Sep 2021With the growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents, the evaluation of disease origin to slow disease progression is necessary. Racial disparities which are... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
With the growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents, the evaluation of disease origin to slow disease progression is necessary. Racial disparities which are evident amid prevalence and treatment must be studied to counteract disease propagation.
RECENT FINDINGS
Disparities are pronounced among Black and Hispanic pediatric patients prior to conception and birth due to genetic composition and fetal environment. Postnatal environment and psychosocial influences can further increase a child/adolescent's propensity to increased weight. Current treatment options including nutrition, physical activity, behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery are underutilized in communities of color due to limited access to care and cost. Data is limited to demonstrate disparities among treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. The reviewed studies show the role of race on disease treatment. Increased research efforts, especially in pharmacotherapy and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), will help combat obesity in pediatric communities of color.
Topics: Adolescent; Bariatric Surgery; Child; Exercise; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33988825
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00442-0 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Dec 2020Primary care providers can help prevent and address child overweight and obesity, conditions that can affect children's present and future health as well as their...
Primary care providers can help prevent and address child overweight and obesity, conditions that can affect children's present and future health as well as their psychologic, emotional, and social well-being. This article describes approaches to preventing, identifying, and addressing overweight and obesity using empathetic, practical, family-focused recommendations and actions.
Topics: Advertising; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Counseling; Family; Food Industry; Health Personnel; Humans; Intersectoral Collaboration; Patient Education as Topic; Pediatric Obesity; Pediatrics; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 33234896
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000721676.28303.7c -
Minerva Pediatrics Dec 2023Obesity is a condition that increases the risk of developing several health problems, resulting in high health care costs worldwide. Therefore, it is important to...
BACKGROUND
Obesity is a condition that increases the risk of developing several health problems, resulting in high health care costs worldwide. Therefore, it is important to investigate several avenues for the control of this condition. This study aimed to identify a dermatoglyphical condition that distinguishes obesity individuals from those of appropriate weight.
METHODS
The sample comprised 2172 children and teenagers between the ages of 10 and 19 years, female and male, from public and private schools of the municipality of Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
RESULTS
In a comparison of qualitative variables, i.e., patterns, significant differences were observed between groups, including a higher frequency of ulnar loops (LU) on the index and middle fingers (MET2 and MET3) in the appropriate weight group. In the obesity group, a greater frequency of whorls (W) on fingers MET2 and MET3 was observed in males. In females, there were statistically significant correlations between the presence of radial loops (LR) on MET3 in the appropriate weight group and arches (A) in the obesity group.
CONCLUSIONS
The study uncovered dermatoglyphical marks characteristic of obesity individuals.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Pediatric Obesity; Dermatoglyphics; Fingers; Brazil; Schools
PubMed: 33438850
DOI: 10.23736/S2724-5276.20.05731-X