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Diabetologia Nov 2023Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and...
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Modulation of gut microbiota has emerged as a promising strategy to treat or prevent the development of different metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. Previous data from our group suggest that the strain Pediococcus acidilactici CECT9879 (pA1c) could be an effective probiotic for regulating glucose metabolism. Hence, the objectives of this study were to verify the effectiveness of pA1c on glycaemic regulation in diet-induced obese mice and to evaluate whether the combination of pA1c with other normoglycaemic ingredients, such as chromium picolinate (PC) and oat β-glucans (BGC), could increase the efficacy of this probiotic on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
METHODS
Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a screening model to describe the potential synbiotic activities, together with the underlying mechanisms of action. In addition, 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS) for 6 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia and obesity. Mice were then divided into eight groups (n=12 mice/group) according to dietary supplementation: control-diet group; HFS group; pA1c group (10 colony-forming units/day); PC; BGC; pA1c+PC+BGC; pA1c+PC; and pA1c+BGC. Supplementations were maintained for 10 weeks. Fasting blood glucose was determined and an IPGTT was performed prior to euthanasia. Fat depots, liver and other organs were weighed, and serum biochemical variables were analysed. Gene expression analyses were conducted by real-time quantitative PCR. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from faecal samples of each group was performed, and differential abundance for family, genera and species was analysed by ALDEx2R package.
RESULTS
Supplementation with the synbiotic (pA1c+PC+BGC) counteracted the effect of the high glucose by modulating the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway in C. elegans, through the reversal of the glucose nuclear localisation of daf-16. In diet-induced obese mice, all groups supplemented with the probiotic significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an IPGTT, demonstrating the glycaemia-regulating effect of pA1c. Further, mice supplemented with pA1c+PC+BGC exhibited lower fasting blood glucose, a reduced proportion of visceral adiposity and a higher proportion of muscle tissue, together with an improvement in the brown adipose tissue in comparison with the HFS group. Besides, the effect of the HFS diet on steatosis and liver damage was normalised by the synbiotic. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that the synbiotic activity was mediated not only by modulation of the insulin-IGF-1 signalling pathway, through the overexpression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 mediators, but also by a decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1. 16S metagenomics demonstrated that the synbiotic combinations allowed an increase in the concentration of P. acidilactici, together with improvements in the intestinal microbiota such as a reduction in Prevotella and an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Our data suggest that the combination of pA1c with PC and BGC could be a potential synbiotic for blood glucose regulation and may help to fight insulin resistance, diabetes and obesity.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Male; Synbiotics; Caenorhabditis elegans; Pediococcus acidilactici; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mice, Obese; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Diet, High-Fat; Insulin; Glucose
PubMed: 37584728
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05981-w -
Microbial Cell Factories Feb 2021Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pediococcus pentosaceus, a promising strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is gradually attracting attention, leading to a rapid increase in experimental research. Due to increased demand for practical applications of microbes, the functional and harmless P. pentosaceus might be a worthwhile LAB strain for both the food industry and biological applications.
RESULTS
As an additive, P. pentosaceus improves the taste and nutrition of food, as well as the storage of animal products. Moreover, the antimicrobial abilities of Pediococcus strains are being highlighted. Evidence suggests that bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances (BLISs) produced by P. pentosaceus play effective antibacterial roles in the microbial ecosystem. In addition, various strains of P. pentosaceus have been highlighted for probiotic use due to their anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant, detoxification, and lipid-lowering abilities.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, it is necessary to continue studying P. pentosaceus for further use. Thorough study of several P. pentosaceus strains should clarify the benefits and drawbacks in the future.
Topics: Pediococcus pentosaceus; Probiotics
PubMed: 33593360
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01537-y -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of synbiotics is a promising approach to this problem. This study...
BACKGROUND
There is great interest in the search for new alternatives to antimicrobial drugs, and the use of synbiotics is a promising approach to this problem. This study evaluated the growth inhibition and antibiofilm activity of the short-chain fatty acids produced by and in combination with inulin-type fructans against .
METHODS
The growth inhibition of was evaluated using microdilution analysis in 96-well microtiter plates; different concentrations of cell-free supernatants of and were exposed to . The antibiofilm assessment was carried out using the crystal violet staining assay. The short-chain fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography.
RESULTS
The clinically isolated interacted with supernatants from and and showed significant growth inhibition and antibiofilm formation versus the controls. Lactate and acetic acid were elevated in the supernatants. The results suggest that the supernatants obtained from the synbiotic combinations of and with inulin-type fructans can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation against a clinically isolated strain.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that synbiotic formulations could be a promising alternative to antifungal drugs in candidiasis therapy.
PubMed: 36010004
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081135 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022A multi-omics approach was applied to investigate the differences and correlations between characteristic volatile flavor substances and non-volatile metabolites in...
A multi-omics approach was applied to investigate the differences and correlations between characteristic volatile flavor substances and non-volatile metabolites in sausages fermented by Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus) and Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) alone and in a mixture. Twenty-seven volatile metabolites were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass. According to orthogonal projections to latent structures-differential analysis, 17 characteristic volatile metabolites were detected in the sausages of different treatments. Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer to analyze metabolite profiles, 42.03% of the non-volatile metabolites were classified as lipids and lipid-like molecules, 25.00% of organic acids and derivatives, and others. Seventeen characteristic flavor substances were significantly correlated with twenty differential non-volatile metabolites, and the non-volatile metabolites changed significantly. Differences in the characteristics and combinations of microorganisms themselves have a decisive role in the development of flavor substances and non-volatile metabolites in sausages.
Topics: Fermentation; Meat Products; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 36461402
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112096 -
Microorganisms Nov 2022Microecological preparation could relieve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced diarrhea in piglets, but which bacteria play a key role and the mitigation...
Microecological preparation could relieve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced diarrhea in piglets, but which bacteria play a key role and the mitigation mechanism have not been fully clarified. In this study, 36 male mice were randomly divided into six groups (CON, K88, BK (Bifidobacterium longum + K88), LK (Lactobacillus plantarum + K88), PK (Pediococcus acidilactici + K88), and MK (mixed strains + K88)) to explore the prevention mechanisms. Three probiotic strains and their mixtures (TPSM) significantly relieved the weight loss and restored the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. Except for Bifidobacterium longum, other strains significantly decreased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in mice serum. The TPSM treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines and the Toll-like receptor and downstream gene (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB) in jejunum induced by ETEC. Furthermore, the TPSM could restore dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota caused by ETEC. The intestinal microbiota analysis demonstrated that Bifidobacterium longum enriched the Bifidobacterium genus (p < 0.05), Lactobacillus plantarum enriched the Lactobacillus genus (p < 0.05), Pediococcus acidilactici enriched the Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group genus (p < 0.05), mixed bacteria enriched the Akkermansia genus (p < 0.05), but ETEC enriched the Desulfovibrio genus (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose and fructose metabolism, mannose metabolism and ABC transporters were increased with probiotics pre-treatment (p < 0.05). To sum up, the microecological preparation alleviated ETEC-induced diarrhea by regulating the immune response, rebalancing intestinal microbiota and improving carbohydrate metabolism.
PubMed: 36557603
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122350 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six common commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives [A1, , , and ; A2, and ; A3, and ; A4, , , , and ; A5,...
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six common commercial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) additives [A1, , , and ; A2, and ; A3, and ; A4, , , , and ; A5, (producing feruloyl esterase); and A6, , , β-glucanase, and xylanase] on the bacterial community and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. Alfalfa was harvested at the squaring stage, wilted in the field for 24 h, and ensiled without any additives (Control) or with A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, or A6. Microbial counts, bacterial community, fermentation parameters, and nutritional composition were determined after ensiling for 90 days. The total abundance of LAB genera on alfalfa pre-ensiling was 0.38% in bacterial community. The abundances of , , and in the Control silage were 42.18, 40.18, and 8.09% of abundance, respectively. The abundances of in A1-, A2-, A3-, A4-, and A5-treatments were 89.32, 92.93, 92.87, 81.12, and 80.44%, respectively. The abundances of and in A6-treatment were 70.14 and 24.86%, respectively. Compared with Control silage, LAB-treated silage had lower pH and less ammonia nitrogen and water-soluble carbohydrates concentrations ( < 0.05). Further, the A5- and A6-treatments contained lower neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and hemicellulose than other treatments ( < 0.05). Overall, LAB genera were presented as minor taxa in alfalfa pre-ensiling and as dominant taxa in alfalfa silage. Adding LAB additives improved the fermentation quality and altered the bacterial community of alfalfa silage. The main bacterial genera in Control silage were , , and . dominated the bacterial communities of A1-, A2-, A3-, A4-, and A5-treatments, while and were dominant bacterial genera in A6-treatment. Inoculating A5 and A6 degraded the fiber in alfalfa silage. It is necessary to ensile alfalfa with LAB inoculants.
PubMed: 35531295
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.836899 -
Data in Brief Aug 2022The genome sequence data for the pickled cucumbers isolate, IMI 507025, is reported. The raw reads and analysed genome reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject...
The genome sequence data for the pickled cucumbers isolate, IMI 507025, is reported. The raw reads and analysed genome reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject with the accession number PRJNA814992. The number of contigs before and after trimming were 17 and 12 contigs, respectively. The total size of the genome was 1,795,439 bp containing 1,811 total genes, of which 1,751 were coding sequences. IMI 507025 identity was determined via average nucleotide identity (ANI), obtaining an identity value of 99.5994% between IMI 507025 and the type strain ATCC 33316, identifying the strain as . Screening for the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in the genome of IMI 507025 showed no hits, confirming the safety of the tested strain. Presence of plasmids was not found.
PubMed: 35864877
DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108446 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that seriously reduces the quality of life. Clinical studies have shown that a great change or severe imbalance...
Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that seriously reduces the quality of life. Clinical studies have shown that a great change or severe imbalance occurs in the intestinal microbiota of people with constipation. This study explored whether bacteriocin-producing and non-bacteriocin-producing strains resulted in differences in the alleviation of constipation and changes in the fecal flora in BALB/c mice. The constipation-related indicators, gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and gut microbiota were identified to evaluate their alleviating effects and underlying mechanisms. The time to the first black-stool defecation and the gastrointestinal transit rate in constipated mice were found to be somewhat improved by four . strains ( > 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in the level of most gastrointestinal regulatory peptides in the serum, as well as in the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota in different groups ( < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly increased, but those of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced after the administration of four . strains for 14 d ( < 0.05). The levels of and genera from were significantly decreased, whereas and were upregulated when bacteriocin-producing . CCFM18 and CCFM28 strains were provided in the diet ( < 0.05). The results indicated that although constipation-related symptoms were alleviated to only a limited degree, the administration of four . strains effectively regulated the gut flora and provided a potential health benefit to the host, especially the bacteriocin-producing . strains.
Topics: Animals; Constipation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pediococcus acidilactici; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33816357
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.655258 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021As functional starter cultures and potential probiotics, the ability of lactic acid bacteria to resist oxidative stress is essential to maintain viability and functional...
As functional starter cultures and potential probiotics, the ability of lactic acid bacteria to resist oxidative stress is essential to maintain viability and functional properties. This study investigates the effects of HO at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM) on the physiological, morphological, and antioxidant properties of R1 and R6 isolated from Harbin dry sausages. The increase in HO concentration induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in intracellular ATP levels ( < 0.05). Based on scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electric conductivity analysis, HO stress caused cell deformation, the destruction of cell membrane integrity, partial loss of the cytoplasm, and an increase in the cell conductivity of both strains. HO stress with 1 mM or 2 mM concentrations could effectively improve the scavenging rates of free radicals, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide, and the total antioxidant capacity of both strains ( < 0.05). In conclusion, an appropriate oxidative stress contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system of both strains, conferred strains a better effect in inhibiting the oxidation of fermented foods, and improved the health of the host.
PubMed: 34073637
DOI: 10.3390/foods10061203 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Recent evidence demonstrated that functional bacteria were involved in the regulation of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism of probiotics in improving PD...
Recent evidence demonstrated that functional bacteria were involved in the regulation of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism of probiotics in improving PD was unclear. Here the antioxidant effect and the mechanism of probiotics (PP) on PD were studied by regulating the gut-brain axis. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intraperitoneally to establish a PD model and were then treated with PP for 4 weeks. Subsequently, a series of neurobehavioral tests to evaluate the motor function of the mice was performed. Additionally, degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, accumulation of α-synuclein, the production of an oxidative stress response, and the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins were evaluated. Moreover, the gut microbial composition and the level of metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were assessed. The results showed that PP treatment could improve MPTP-induced motor deficits, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and the accumulation of α-synuclein. Moreover, PP treatment significantly increased the levels of SOD1, Gpx1, and Nrf2, while it decreased the levels of Keap1 in the brain of MPTP-induced mice. Notably, PP treatment improved the gut microbial dysbiosis and increased the level of GABA in MPTP-induced mice. These findings indicated that PP might represent a promising candidate, due to the metabolite of GABA, that could be used for the treatment of PD.
Topics: Mice; Male; Animals; alpha-Synuclein; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pediococcus pentosaceus; 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Brain-Gut Axis; Oxidative Stress; Probiotics; Parkinson Disease; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 36439235
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1022879