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Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Oct 2023In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using...
In this study, bacterial ghosts (BGs) were generated from Weissella koreensis LKS42 (WKorGs) and Pediococcus pentosacues KA94 (PPGs) by chemically inducing lysis using substances such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), n-butanol, and C6H8O7. HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs exhibited complete removal of DNA and displayed transverse membrane dissolution tunnel structures under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell viability assays showed high viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs. Additionally, treatment with HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs elevated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in RAW 264.7 cells. These findings suggest that HCl-induced WKorGs and PPGs have the potential to be used as inactivated bacterial immunostimulants, highlighting their promising applications in immunization and immunotherapy.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Immunization; Weissella; Cytokines
PubMed: 37597299
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.049 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Feb 2021Pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics at a rate much faster than the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. Reports of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated... (Review)
Review
Pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics at a rate much faster than the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. Reports of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from broilers, and the possibility that these strains may spread diseases amongst humans, prompted many European countries to ban the inclusion of antibiotics in feed. Probiotics added to broiler feed controlled a number of bacterial infections. A combination of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus animalis, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri decreased the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Enteritidis in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of broilers, whereas Bacillus subtilis improved feed conversion, intestinal morphology, stimulated the immune system and inhibited the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Minnesota. Lactobacillus salivarius and Pediococcus parvulus improved weight gain, bone characteristics, intestinal morphology and immune response, and decreased the colonisation of S. Enteritidis. Lactobacillus crispatus, L. salivarius, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens decreased the Salmonella count and led to an increase in lysozyme and T lymphocytes. Probiotics may also improve feed digestion through production of phytases, lipases, amylases and proteases or stimulate the GIT to secrete digestive enzymes. Some strains increase the nutritional value of feed by production of vitamins, exopolysaccharides and antioxidants. Bacteriocins, if produced, regulate pathogen numbers in the GIT and keep pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions in balance.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics
PubMed: 32556932
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09640-z -
Microorganisms May 2023Solid-state fermentation is known to improve plant-based feed nutritional quality; however, the association between microbes and metabolite production in fermented feed...
Solid-state fermentation is known to improve plant-based feed nutritional quality; however, the association between microbes and metabolite production in fermented feed remains unclear. We inoculated corn-soybean-wheat bran (CSW) meal feed with Y5-39, B-1, and lactic acid bacteria RSG-1. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic profiling were applied to investigate changes in the microflora and metabolites, respectively, and their integrated correlations during fermentation were assessed. The results indicated that trichloroacetic acid soluble protein levels showed a sharp increase, while glycinin and β-conglycinin levels showed a sharp decrease in the fermented feed, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. , , and were predominant in the fermented feed. Overall, 699 significantly different metabolites were identified before and after fermentation. Arginine and proline, cysteine and methionine, and phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism were the key pathways, with arginine and proline metabolism being the most important pathway in the fermentation process. By analyzing the correlation between the microbiota and metabolite production, lysyl-valine and lysyl-proline levels were found to be positively correlated with and abundance. However, was positively correlated with some metabolites contributing to nutritional status and immune function. According to our data, , , and mainly participate in protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and lactic acid production in fermented feed. Our results provide new insights into the dynamic changes in metabolism that occurred during the solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal feed using compound strains and should facilitate the optimization of fermentation production efficiency and feed quality.
PubMed: 37317292
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051319 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 20221101 was identified by using 16S rRNA and MALDI-Biotyper. The strain was exposed to conditions that resemble the gastrointestinal tract (GT) to evaluate its probiotic...
1101 was identified by using 16S rRNA and MALDI-Biotyper. The strain was exposed to conditions that resemble the gastrointestinal tract (GT) to evaluate its probiotic properties. That included the growth kinetics, proteolytic and inhibitory activities within a pH range, survival at low pH and in the presence of bile salts, antagonistic activity, cell-adhesion properties, and antibiotic resistance. The evaluation was followed by a genomic and proteomic analysis that involved the identification of proteins obtained under control and gastrointestinal conditions. The strain showed antagonistic activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to acidity (87% logarithmic survival rate, pH 2) and bile salts (99% logarithmic survival rate, 0.5% /), and hydrophobic binding, as well as sensitivity to penicillin, amoxicillin, and chloramphenicol. On the other hand, 1101 has a genome size of 1.76 Mbp, with 1754 coding sequences, 55 rRNAs, and 33 tRNAs. The proteomic analysis showed that 120 proteins were involved in mechanisms in which the strain senses the effects of acid and bile salts. Moreover, the strain produces at least one lytic enzyme (-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase; 32 kDa) that may be related to the antimicrobial activity. Therefore, proteins identified might be a key factor when it comes to the adaptation of 1101 into the GT and associated with its technological and probiotic properties.
PubMed: 36613263
DOI: 10.3390/foods12010046 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect...
Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group ( < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum ( < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth ( < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched and . In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of XIVa, XIVb and . Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as . Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively ( < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ( < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.
PubMed: 34122394
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683905 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2022This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical...
AIMS
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica on physicochemical characteristics and bacterial community of ensiled native grass by multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Treatments were a control treatment with no additive (CON), E. sinica was added at 1% (CEa1), 3% (CEa2), and 5% of the fresh materials (CEa3). Compared to the CON group, the dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CEa1 group. Compared to the CON group, the pH was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in E. sinica treated silages, and a higher lactic acid content was observed in E. sinica treated silages. At the genus level, the abundance of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella were the predominant member in the CON, CEa1, CEa2, and CEa3 groups, respectively. The abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa1 group and Pediococcus was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the CEa2 group. According to the 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional profiles, the inoculation of E. sinica accelerated the carbohydrate metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the addition of E. sinica could improve the silage quality of native grass by regulating the bacterial community, and the addition of a 1% percentage of fresh materials exhibited the potential possibility of responding to get high-quality native grass silages.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The utilization of herbal additives on fermentation quality combined with 16S rRNA gene-predicted functional analyses will contribute to the direction of future research in improving silage quality.
Topics: Silage; Fermentation; Ephedra sinica; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Poaceae; Lactobacillus; Pediococcus; Bacteria
PubMed: 35962633
DOI: 10.1111/jam.15779 -
Current Microbiology Jan 2021Betel vine is an edible creeper used in folk medicine to aid digestion since time immemorial. It is an ideal candidate deemed for the bioprospection of endophytic...
Betel vine is an edible creeper used in folk medicine to aid digestion since time immemorial. It is an ideal candidate deemed for the bioprospection of endophytic microorganisms with valuable attributes. This study aimed at the characterization of potential bacteria from fermented betel leaves. We report the presence of Pediococcus species with probiotic properties from betel. The isolated organisms were subjected to preliminary biochemical analysis and exhibited growth at 37°C and pH 6.7 with fermented glucose, sucrose and lactose without the evolution of CO. Also, the organisms presented tolerance to 6.5% NaCl and 0.3% bile salt. The three isolates assimilated cholesterol dispensed in the medium and when exposed to E. coli evinced antagonism. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis, the organisms were identified to be Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Both the organisms when functionally characterized displayed beta-galactosidase, amylase and esterase activities, but Pediococcus pentosaceus had a substantial effect proving its candidature for probiotic applications.
Topics: Escherichia coli; Pediococcus; Phylogeny; Piper betle; Plant Leaves; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33170380
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02270-2 -
Nutrients Jun 2022Fructose intolerance (FI) is a widespread non-genetic condition in which the incomplete absorption of fructose leads to gastro-intestinal disorders. The crucial role of...
Fructose intolerance (FI) is a widespread non-genetic condition in which the incomplete absorption of fructose leads to gastro-intestinal disorders. The crucial role of microbial dysbiosis on the onset of these intolerance symptoms together with their persistence under free fructose diets are driving the scientific community towards the use of probiotics as a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of FI in a cohort composed of Romanian adults with Functional Grastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) and the effectiveness of treatment based on the probiotic formulation EQBIOTA ( CECT 7484 and 7485 and CECT 7483). We evaluated the impact of a 30-day treatment both on FI subjects and healthy volunteers. The gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal volatile metabolome were evaluated. A statistically significant improvement of symptoms (i.e., bloating, and abdominal pain) was reported in FI patient after treatment. On the other hand, at the baseline, the content of volatile metabolites was heterogeneously distributed between the two study arms, whereas the treatment led differences to decrease. From our analysis, how some metabolomics compounds were correlated with the improvement and worsening of clinical symptoms clearly emerged. Preliminary observations suggested how the improvement of gastrointestinal symptoms could be induced by the increase of anti-inflammatory and protective substrates. A deeper investigation in a larger patient cohort subjected to a prolonged treatment would allow a more comprehensive evaluation of the probiotic treatment effects.
Topics: Adult; Fructose; Fructose Intolerance; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Metabolomics; Pediococcus; Pediococcus acidilactici; Probiotics
PubMed: 35745219
DOI: 10.3390/nu14122488 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Feb 2021Pediococcus pentosaceus, a bacterium recently used in human and animal probiotics, was used in combination with supports made from polylactic acid composite soybean meal...
Pediococcus pentosaceus, a bacterium recently used in human and animal probiotics, was used in combination with supports made from polylactic acid composite soybean meal was used to study biofilm formation, and it was found that dense biofilms developed by Day 1. Proteomic comparison between planktonic and biofilm cultures of P. pentosaceus showed distinct expression patterns of intracellular and extracellular proteins. Type I glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was upregulated in biofilm cultures and mediated cell adhesion and encouraged biofilm production. GMP synthase, which regulates GMP synthesis and acts as an intracellular signal molecule to control cell mechanisms and has been exploited in the development of new therapeutic agents, was also upregulated in the biofilm mode of growth. The present work serves as a basis for future studies examining the complex network of systems that regulate lactic acid bacterial (LAB) biofilm formation and can serve as a framework for studies of production of therapeutic agents from LAB.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; Humans; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Plankton; Polyesters; Probiotics; Proteomics; Signal Transduction; Glycine max
PubMed: 33059384
DOI: 10.1111/lam.13351 -
Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jan 2020An experiment was conducted to evaluate spp.-fermented chicken meat as a snack for dogs. The fermented or non-fermented snacks used in this study were prepared through...
An experiment was conducted to evaluate spp.-fermented chicken meat as a snack for dogs. The fermented or non-fermented snacks used in this study were prepared through the following process; meat mixtures containing 52.8% MDCM, 35.2% chicken breast meat (CBM) and 9.7% corn starch were inoculated with or without spp., incubated at 37°C for 24 h and then sterilized at 121°C for 20 min. During the 24-h fermentation, the pH of fermented chicken snack dropped rapidly with concomitant increase in number of lactic acid bacteria. The nutritional composition was not altered by fermentation. pepsin nitrogen digestibility was higher ( < 0.05) in the fermented snack compared with the non-fermented snack. Upon storage at room temperature for 14 days, bacteria grew slowly in fermented vs. non-fermented snack samples. In a palatability trial, dogs preferred non-fermented over fermented snack food. In 12-d-long feeding trial, fecal ammonia content was lowered, but fecal lactic acid content was increased in dogs fed the fermented vs. non-fermented snack food. Our study shows that the fermented MDCM-based snack exhibited good preservability upon storage, and improved nitrogen digestibility and fecal characteristics in dogs.
PubMed: 32082602
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.84