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Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2020Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick... (Review)
Review
Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick adherent scales distributed symmetrically over dorsum of feet. It usually develops in patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cases of NAE have been reported in patients without HCV infection. Hepatic dysfunction resulting in metabolic alterations like hypoalbuminemia, hypoaminoacidemia, hyperglucagonemia and transient zinc deficiency has been proposed as underlying pathogenic mechanism of NAE. Clinically, NAE resembles other necrolytic erythemas like necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) and pellagra. Better understanding of etiopathogenesis and histopathological features is important to distinguish NAE from other necrolytic erythemas. The disease runs a natural course of exacerbations and remissions. Non-invasive diagnostic tools like dermoscopy can be used in differential diagnosis of NAE. Oral zinc therapy is the most effective treatment of NAE reported in most of the cases irrespective of HCV status or serum zinc levels.
PubMed: 32308461
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S189175 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Sep 2022
PubMed: 36162036
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14843_g -
Skinmed 2023
Topics: Humans; Pellagra; Prejudice; Politics
PubMed: 37158341
DOI: No ID Found -
The National Medical Journal of India 2019
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Biopsy; Humans; Male; Neck; Niacinamide; Pellagra; Skin; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33380641
DOI: 10.4103/0970-258X.303626 -
International Journal of Tryptophan... 2020Nicotinamide homeostasis is a candidate common denominator to explain smooth transitions, whether demographic, epidemiological or economic. This 'NAD world', dependent... (Review)
Review
Nicotinamide homeostasis is a candidate common denominator to explain smooth transitions, whether demographic, epidemiological or economic. This 'NAD world', dependent on hydrogen-based energy, is not widely recognised as it is neither measured nor viewed from a sufficiently multi-genomic or historical perspective. Reviewing the importance of meat and nicotinamide balances during our co-evolution, recent history suggests that populations only modernise and age well with low fertility on a suitably balanced diet. Imbalances on the low meat side lead to an excess of infectious disease, short lives and boom-bust demographics. On the high side, meat has led to an excess of degenerative, allergic and metabolic disease and low fertility. A 'Goldilocks' diet derived from mixed and sustainable farming (preserving the topsoil) allows for high intellectual capital, height and good health with controlled population growth resulting in economic growth and prosperity. Implementing meat equity worldwide could lead to progress for future generations on 'spaceship' earth by establishing control over population quality, thermostat and biodiversity, if it is not already too late.
PubMed: 32327922
DOI: 10.1177/1178646920910159 -
JAMA Aug 2021
Topics: Diet; History, 20th Century; Humans; Pellagra; United States
PubMed: 34374730
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.18074 -
The American Journal of Medicine Jan 2022
Topics: Alcoholism; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Clobetasol; Diagnostic Errors; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Male; Middle Aged; Pellagra; Psoriasis
PubMed: 34343513
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.06.035 -
Public Health Nutrition Jun 2021Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease associated with niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. The history of pellagra is well documented for Europe and the USA, but less... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Pellagra is a nutritional deficiency disease associated with niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency. The history of pellagra is well documented for Europe and the USA, but less is known about the prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. This study documents the history of pellagra in South Africa, as diagnosed based on dermatological symptoms.
DESIGN
Scoping review of information from scientific databases, library archives, other archives and record services and from Statistics South Africa.
SETTING
South Africa, 1897-2019.
PARTICIPANTS
South African.
RESULTS
Pellagra was first officially recorded in South Africa in 1906, but there are earlier indications of the disease. The prevalence of pellagra peaked after it was all but eradicated in the USA and Europe. Pellagra was never as prevalent in South Africa as in Europe, the USA and Egypt, where special hospitals for pellagrins were established. However, studies on urinary excretion of metabolites conducted in 1960s and 1970s suggested a high prevalence of subclinical (sub-pellagra) niacin deficiency, especially in previously disadvantaged Black populations. As in Europe and the USA, pellagra was associated with poverty and an overdependence on maize as staple food. Malnutrition was the main cause of the disease, but alcohol abuse might have been a contributing factor. In South Africa, reports of pellagra had declined by the late 1980s/early 1990s and hardly any cases were reported by the year 2000.
CONCLUSIONS
Although pellagra, diagnosed based on dermatological symptoms, appears to be largely eradicated in South Africa, it does not rule out the potential for subclinical niacin deficiency.
Topics: Europe; Humans; Niacin; Pellagra; Poverty; South Africa
PubMed: 33769244
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021001336 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Pellagra
PubMed: 36106995
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac222