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Biodiversity Data Journal 2023Citizen science is a research approach that involves collaboration between professional scientists and non-professional volunteers. The utilisation of recent online...
BACKGROUND
Citizen science is a research approach that involves collaboration between professional scientists and non-professional volunteers. The utilisation of recent online citizen-science platforms (e.g. social networking services) has greatly revolutionised the accessibility of biodiversity data by providing opportunities for connecting professional and citizen scientists worldwide. Fujie, Shimizu & Maeto, 2021 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) has been recorded from the Oriental Islands of Japan and known to be a gregarious endoparasitoid of two macro-sized sphingid moths of , (Drury) and Butler. It constructs characteristic star-shaped communal cocoons, suspended by a long cable. Although has been reported only from the Oriental Islands of Japan, the authors recognise its occurrence and ecological data from Taiwan and the Palaearctic Island of Japan through posts on online citizen-science groups about Taiwanese Insects on Facebook and an article on a Japanese citizen-scientist's website.
NEW INFORMATION
Through collaboration between professional and citizen scientists via social media (Facebook groups) and websites, the following new biodiversity and ecological data associated with are provided: is recorded for the first time from Taiwan and the Palaearctic Region (Yakushima Is., Japan). (Butler, 1875), (Linnaeus, 1758) and (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) are recorded for the first time as hosts of and two of which ( and ) represent the first genus-level host records for . sp. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), indeterminate species of Pteromalidae and Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera), are recognised as hyperparasitoid wasps of . (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) is reported as a predator of pendulous communal cocoons of . The nature of suspended large-sized communal cocoons of and the importance and limitations of digital occurrence data and online citizen science are briefly discussed.
PubMed: 38327304
DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e103436 -
Asian Journal of Andrology Oct 2023
PubMed: 37856195
DOI: 10.4103/aja202354 -
Veterinary Research Forum : An... 2022The development of tooth is a complex process wherein there is a series of interactions between the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. Hyperdontia (also called supernumerary...
The development of tooth is a complex process wherein there is a series of interactions between the ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. Hyperdontia (also called supernumerary teeth) is a developmental abnormality being additional to the normal series of teeth with unknown etiology and is rare in ruminants. In this report, a rare case with two abnormal teeth outside the alveolar region, observed in a healthy 3-month-old female lamb was presented. The congenital defect consisted of the presence of 2 teeth positioned bilaterally in the caudal part of the mandible ramus and under the prominent pendulous skin; so, with retraction of prominent pendulous skin, these ectopic teeth were seen outside of the skin. The anomaly was found during a routine physical examination and no other congenital abnormalities were found in the lamb. The etiology of supernumerary teeth is not completely understood. This odontogenic abnormality appears to be an extraordinarily rare condition. Genetic, toxic, infectious or environmental factors related to congenital abnormalities affect the tooth growth. Depending on the supernumerary teeth position, surgery may be required.
PubMed: 36686875
DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.544325.3313 -
Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... 2020To determine the causative variations associated with two chicken comb phenotypes, pendulous comb (PC) or upright comb (UC), two pooled genomic DNA samples from PC and...
To determine the causative variations associated with two chicken comb phenotypes, pendulous comb (PC) or upright comb (UC), two pooled genomic DNA samples from PC and UC chickens were re-sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencer, and genome-wide Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Using three selective sweep approaches, F , θπ, and Tajima's D, with top 5% window values serving as the threshold, a total of 84 positively selective genes (PSGs) were identified. There were no SNPs in exons of the PSGs with significant differences in allele frequencies between the two comb phenotype groups. Then, 515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the PC and UC were identified by RNA-seq. Three genes including CD36 (CD36 molecule), ADAMTSL3 (ADAMTS-like 3), and AOX1 (aldehyde oxidases 1) are overlapped between PSGs and DEGs. After genotyping seven candidate SNPs in the regulatory regions of the three overlapping genes in 120 chickens from two other breeds, two variants (rs14607046 and rs731818051) in the regulatory regions of AOX1 and ADAMTSL3 were found to have significant differences in allele frequency between the PC and UC, suggesting that the two variants may be causative mutations for PC. Overall, our study shed light on the genetic basis underlying the PC phenotype in chickens.
Topics: ADAMTS Proteins; Aldehyde Oxidase; Animals; Chickens; Comb and Wattles; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Frequency; Genome-Wide Association Study; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Mutation; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31808219
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13308 -
PhytoKeys 2022A new genus, A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , is described in the tribe Solandreae (Solanaceae) consisting of four species of hemiepiphytic lianas endemic to the premontane...
A new genus, A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , is described in the tribe Solandreae (Solanaceae) consisting of four species of hemiepiphytic lianas endemic to the premontane forests of the Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes. The genus is distinguished based on the membranous leaves, usually sparsely pubescent with eglandular simple trichomes, pseudo-verticillate leaf arrangement, and elongated, pendulous, and few-flowered inflorescences with showy flowers and conical fruits. Three new combinations are made to transfer species to the new genus previously described as part of the polyphyletic genus Rich. ( (S.Knapp) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, , (A.Orejuela & J.M.Vélez) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, and (Hunz.) A.Orejuela & Särkinen, ). One new species is described from the western slopes of the eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes, known only from three localities in the Boyacá, Santander, and Tolima departments ( A.Orejuela & Villanueva, ). The new species is unique in the genus in having glabrescent adult leaves, green-purplish calyces and long, greenish-white, infundibuliform corollas with delicate purplish veins and large lobes tinged with purple, and pubescent styles. Here we provide a revision of with a distribution map of all species, an identification key, photographs, preliminary conservation assessments, and line drawings of all four species.
PubMed: 36761819
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.202.82101 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2022A male Malayan tiger cub developed well-circumscribed, erythematous, alopecic lesions on the face, torso, and paws when 1-wk-old. Biopsies of a torso lesion and a right...
A male Malayan tiger cub developed well-circumscribed, erythematous, alopecic lesions on the face, torso, and paws when 1-wk-old. Biopsies of a torso lesion and a right front paw lesion at 1-mo-old confirmed cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs). MCTs on the paws grew into pendulous masses up to 6.5 cm in diameter by 3-mo-old, but those on the face and torso regressed. Fine-needle aspiration of the spleen at 3-mo-old revealed marked mast cell infiltration. The spleen and the right paw cutaneous MCT were removed; the paw MCT recurred within 7 d. A 12-bp tandem duplication, suggesting a somatic mutation, was identified in exon 8 of in DNA extracted from the cutaneous MCT on the right paw and from one over the torso, but not from the spleen. Remaining MCTs on the paws regressed slowly following splenectomy and had completely regressed by 1-y-old. At 7-y-old, there was no recurrence of any mast cell disease. Mast cell disease in this tiger cub is similar to a report in a domestic kitten and to pediatric mastocytosis in humans, which commonly begins in infancy, improves by adolescence, and is associated with somatic c-kit mutations. To our knowledge, mastocytosis has not been reported previously in a juvenile exotic felid.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Male; Mastocytosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Spleen; Tigers
PubMed: 35075959
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221074709 -
Surgical Endoscopy Dec 2021The morphology of the major papilla affects the difficulty of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but no associations with adverse events have...
BACKGROUND
The morphology of the major papilla affects the difficulty of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but no associations with adverse events have previously been established. We aimed to assess whether papillary morphology predicts ERCP adverse events.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed of a prospective registry of patients undergoing ERCP for biliary indications. The primary outcome was post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), with secondary outcomes including other adverse events and procedural outcomes such as inadvertent pancreatic duct cannulation, cannulation time, and attempts. Papillae were classified as normal (Type I), small or flat (Type II), bulging (Type IIIa), pendulous (Type IIIb), creased (Type IV), or peri-diverticular (Type D). Outcomes were ascertained prospectively at 30 days from index procedures.
RESULTS
A total of 637 patients with native papillae were included. Compared to Type I papillae, Type II and Type IIIb papillae were associated with PEP, with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of 7.28 (95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.84-28.74) and 4.25 (95% CI 1.26-14.32), respectively. Type II and IIIb papillae were associated with significantly longer cannulation times by 5.37 (95% CI 2.39-8.35) and 4.01 (95% CI 1.72-6.30) minutes, respectively. Type IIIb papillae were associated with lower deep cannulation success (AOR 0.17, 95% CI 0.06-0.48).
CONCLUSION
Papillary morphology is an important factor influencing both ERCP success and outcomes. Understanding this is key for managing intraprocedural approaches and minimizing adverse events.
PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04259580.
Topics: Ampulla of Vater; Catheterization; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
PubMed: 33146812
DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08136-9 -
BMC Gastroenterology Sep 2020We investigated whether duodenal major papilla morphology could be a risk factor for failure of selective biliary cannulation (SBC) and post endoscopic retrograde... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
We investigated whether duodenal major papilla morphology could be a risk factor for failure of selective biliary cannulation (SBC) and post endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography (ERCP) complications.
METHODS
A prospectively recorded database was reviewed retrospectively. Patients were included if they received therapeutic ERCP and had naïve major duodenal papilla. We used Haraldsson's classification for papilla morphology, as follows: Regular (Type 1), Small (Type 2), Protruding or Pendulous (Type 3) and Creased or Ridged (Type 4). Risk factors for failing SBC and post-ERCP complications were analyzed by multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 286 cases were included. Age, gender, indications and therapeutic procedures were not different among the four types of papillae. The failure rates of SBC with Type 3 papilla and Type 4 papilla were 11.11% and 6.25%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, Type 2 papilla (odd ratio 7.18, p = 0.045) and Type 3 papilla (odd ratio 7.44, p = 0.016) were associated with greater SBC failure compared with Type 1 papilla. Malignant obstruction compared to stone (odds ratio 4.45, p = 0.014) and age (odd ratio = 1.06, p = 0.010) were also risk factors for cannulation failure. Type 2 papilla was correlated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (20%, p = 0.020) compared to the other types of papilla However, papilla morphology was not a significant risk factor for any complications in the multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
Small papilla and protruding or pendulous papilla are more difficult to cannulate compared to regular papilla. Small papilla is associated with a higher rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Topics: Ampulla of Vater; Catheterization; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Humans; Pancreatitis; Retrospective Studies; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
PubMed: 32988368
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01455-0 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2023China has rich genetic resources of local pig breeds. In this study, whole-genome resequencing was performed on five Shanghai local pig breeds, aiming to analyze their...
China has rich genetic resources of local pig breeds. In this study, whole-genome resequencing was performed on five Shanghai local pig breeds, aiming to analyze their population genetic structure and unique genomic characteristics. Tens of millions of single nucleotide variants were obtained through the resequencing of a total of 150 individual pigs from five local pig breeds (Meishan, Fengjing, Shawutou, Pudong White, and Shanghai White) after mapping them with the pig reference genome of 11.1. The results of admixture structure analysis also clearly demonstrated the genetic differences between the Shanghai local pig breeds and the three commercial pig breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire). The genetic infiltration of Landrace and Yorkshire pig breeds in the SHW breed was detected, which is consistent with the early history of crossbreeding in this breed. Selective sweep analysis between four indigenous Shanghai pig breed populations and three commercial pig breed populations identified 270 and 224 genes with selective signatures in the commercial and indigenous Shanghai pig populations, respectively. Six genes (, , , , , and ) were found to be associated with animal growth in the commercial pig population through gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction analysis. In contrast, the gene in the indigenous Shanghai pig population was significantly under selection, which correlated with the long pendulous ear phenotype of the indigenous Shanghai pig population. In conclusion, this study is the first genomic profiling of five representative local pig breeds in Shanghai, which provides molecular genetic data and foundations for better conservation and utilization of local pig breed resources in Shanghai, China.
PubMed: 38067078
DOI: 10.3390/ani13233727 -
Two new pendulous epiphytic L. (Gesneriaceae) species from the Chocó forests of the Northern Andes.PhytoKeys 2022Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Andes resulted in the discovery of two new species of...
Exploratory field expeditions to the Chocó forests in the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian and Colombian Andes resulted in the discovery of two new species of (Gesneriaceae). J.L.Clark & F.Tobar, , is described as a narrow endemic from Bosque Protector Mashpi and surrounding areas in the province of Pichincha in northern Ecuador. F.Tobar, J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm., , is described from recently discovered populations in the provinces of Carchi and Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (Ecuador) and the departments of Cauca and Nariño in southwestern Colombia. The two new species are pendent epiphytes with elongate shoots and shallowly bilabiate to nearly tubular corollas. Descriptions, complete specimen citations, and a distribution map are provided. Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR) is provided for and Endangered (EN) is provided for .
PubMed: 36762031
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.196.79673