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Journal of Hazardous Materials Jan 2022Developing sheet-on-sheet (2D/2D) heterostructure with built-in electric field (BIEF) is effective in boosting the performance of photocatalysts for emerging...
Developing sheet-on-sheet (2D/2D) heterostructure with built-in electric field (BIEF) is effective in boosting the performance of photocatalysts for emerging contaminants degradation. Herein, the 2D/2D microtopography and (-)TiO/(+)BiMoO BIEF were precisely integrated into hierarchical nanosheets, which can provide the basis and driving force for charge transfer both in in-plane and interface of heterojunction. The prepared photocatalyst (TiO/BiMoO) showed high-efficiency and stable performance for photocatalytic amoxicillin (AMX) degradation, which was 18.2 and 5.7 times higher than TiO and BiMoO, respectively. More importantly, TiO/BiMoO showed more efficient photocatalytic activity and photogenerated charge separation than TiO@BiMoO (different morphology). Besides, four possible pathways of AMX degradation were proposed depending on Gaussian calculations and intermediates analysis by GC-MS and HPLC-TOFMS. This work sheds light on the design and construction of unique 2D/2D heterostructure photocatalysts for AMX degradation.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Bismuth; Catalysis; Molybdenum; Titanium
PubMed: 34330077
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126634 -
Internal Medicine Journal Feb 2022Penicillin allergy is the most reported adverse drug reaction (ADR). Being labelled with 'penicillin allergy' is associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy and poor...
BACKGROUND
Penicillin allergy is the most reported adverse drug reaction (ADR). Being labelled with 'penicillin allergy' is associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy and poor patient outcomes. Most labelled with 'penicillin allergy' are at low risk of harm from penicillins and guidelines recommend testing for accurate diagnosis. Although skin testing is recommended to exclude immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions, there is limited access in most settings.
AIMS
To evaluate oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing for patients labelled with 'penicillin allergy' assessed as low risk during hospital admission.
METHODS
General Medical inpatients with a 'penicillin allergy' label were assessed. For those who had tolerated a penicillin since the index event, the ADR label was removed. Those assessed as 'low risk' were administered 250 mg amoxicillin orally without prior skin testing. The durability of de-labelling was subsequently assessed by review of clinical records.
RESULTS
Of 224 patients with a history of a penicillin ADR, 162 (72%) were low risk. A further 12 were excluded and of the remaining 150, 56 (37%) had tolerated penicillins since their index reaction and were de-labelled without challenge, 15 (10%) with a non-allergic history were de-labelled. The remaining 79 were offered an oral amoxicillin challenge; 38 declined and 41 tolerated amoxicillin. Overall, 112 of the 224 (50%) patients had their ADR label removed.
CONCLUSIONS
A careful ADR history enables de-labelling of many patients. An oral amoxicillin challenge without prior skin testing is safe and feasible for low-risk penicillin allergic patients while in hospital.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Penicillins; Skin Tests
PubMed: 32672891
DOI: 10.1111/imj.14978 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2021
Topics: Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
PubMed: 34112492
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.03.025 -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 2019Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) with unusual pathogenicity resembling that of S. aureus. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis...
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) with unusual pathogenicity resembling that of S. aureus. Unlike other CoNS, S. lugdunensis remains susceptible to most antibiotics. The resistance to penicillin varies widely (range, 15-87% worldwide), whereas methicillin resistance is still rare. We aimed to evaluate treatment options for infections caused by S. lugdunensis and more specifically to investigate whether penicillin G could be a better treatment choice than oxacillin. Susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method for penicillin G, cefoxitin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, fusidic acid, rifampicin, and fosfomycin. Isolates susceptible to penicillin G were further tested with a gradient test for penicillin G and oxacillin. Of the 540 clinical isolates tested, 74.6% were susceptible to penicillin G. Among these penicillin-susceptible isolates, the MIC and MIC values for penicillin G were threefold lower than that for oxacillin. A majority of the isolates were susceptible to all other antibiotics tested. Breakpoints for fosfomycin have not yet been defined, and so no conclusions could be drawn. Two isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and carried the mecA gene; whole-genome sequencing revealed that both harbored the SCCmec element type IVa(2B). S. lugdunensis isolated in Sweden were susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Penicillin G may be a more optimal treatment choice than oxacillin. Although carriage of the mecA gene is rare among S. lugdunensis, it does occur.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Staphylococcus lugdunensis; Sweden; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31144243
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03571-6 -
The American Journal of Medicine Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Penicillin G Benzathine; Neurosyphilis
PubMed: 37734810
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.05.022 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Mar 2023Muscle damage can result in leakage of intracellular enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) into plasma. There are no controlled...
Muscle damage can result in leakage of intracellular enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST) into plasma. There are no controlled documentations of the effects of intramuscular antibiotic drug administration on plasma CK and AST activities in horses. The objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that 5 days of intramuscular procaine penicillin G injection in normal horses would result in increased plasma activities of CK and AST. Nine healthy adult horses were sampled for 7 days preceding, 5 days during, and 32 days following procaine penicillin G (22,000 IU/kg) administration intramuscularly twice daily. Heparinized jugular venous blood samples were obtained daily before treatment and were analyzed the same day for plasma activities of CK and AST. Repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's Test were used to identify days where CK or AST were elevated compared to control means at a significance level of P < .05. Beginning the day after first injection, plasma CK increased above the reference range, peaking at 2,046 ± 627 U/L after 3 days, and returned to 227 ± 57.3 U/L (within the reference range) 9 days after treatment began. Beginning the day after first injection, plasma AST increased, peaking at 703 ± 135 U/L on the day after the last injection. Plasma AST did not return to the reference range in all individual horses until 29 days after the last injection (mean 247 ± 33 U/L). Compared to the control period, plasma CK and AST elevations lasted for 8 and 28 days, respectively, after the onset of treatment (P < .001 to P = .03) and lasted for 4 and 24 days, respectively, after the last day of treatment (P < .001 to P = .03).
Topics: Animals; Horses; Penicillin G Procaine; Creatine Kinase; Aspartate Aminotransferases
PubMed: 36736501
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104231 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2020
Topics: Amoxicillin; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Penicillins; Skin; Skin Tests
PubMed: 32499039
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.010 -
Environmental Research Nov 2022Pharmaceutical compounds have piqued the interest of researchers due to an increase in their demand, which increases the possibility of leakage into the environment.... (Review)
Review
Pharmaceutical compounds have piqued the interest of researchers due to an increase in their demand, which increases the possibility of leakage into the environment. Amoxicillin (AMX) is a penicillin derivative used for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. AMX has a low metabolic rate in the human body, and around 80-90% is unmetabolized. As a result, AMX residuals should be treated immediately to avoid further accumulation in the environment. Advanced oxidation process techniques are an efficient way to degrade AMX. This review attempts to collect, organize, summarize, and analyze the most up to date research linked to the degradation of AMX by different advanced oxidation process systems including photocatalytic, ultrasonic, electro-oxidation, and advanced oxidation process-based on partials. The main topics investigated in this review are degradation mechanism, degradation efficiency, catalyst stability, the formation of AMX by-products and its toxicity, in addition, the influence of different experimental conditions was discussed such as pH, temperature, scavengers, the concentration of amoxicillin, oxidants, catalyst, and doping ratio. The degradation of AMX could be inhibited by very high values of pH, temperature, AMX concentration, oxidants concentration, catalyst concentration, and doping ratio. Several AMX by-products were discovered after oxidation treatment, and several of them had lower or same values of LC (96 h) fathead minnow of AMX itself, such as m/z 384, 375, 349, 323, 324, 321, 318, with prediction values of 0.70, 1.10, 1.10 0.42, 0.42, 0.42, and 0.42 mg/L, respectively. We revealed that there is no silver bullet system to oxidize AMX from an aqueous medium. However, it is recommended to apply hybrid systems such as Photo-electro, Photo-Fenton, Electro-Fenton, etc. Hybrid systems are capable to cover the drawbacks of the single system. This review may provide important information, as well as future recommendations, for future researchers interested in treating AMX using various AOP systems, allowing them to improve the applicability of their systems and successfully oxidize AMX from an aqueous medium.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Catalysis; Humans; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35839907
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113833 -
Journal of Computational Chemistry Jul 2020Two quantum mechanical (QM)-cluster models are built for studying the acylation and deacylation mechanism and kinetics of Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase with the...
Two quantum mechanical (QM)-cluster models are built for studying the acylation and deacylation mechanism and kinetics of Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase with the penicillin G at atomic level detail. DD-peptidases are bacterial enzymes involved in the cross-linking of peptidoglycan to form the cell wall, necessary for bacterial survival. The cross-linking can be inhibited by antibiotic beta-lactam derivatives through acylation, preventing the acyl-enzyme complex from undergoing further deacylation. The deacylation step was predicted to be rate-limiting. Transition state and intermediate structures are found using density functional theory in this study, and thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the proposed mechanism are evaluated. The acyl-enzyme complex is found lying in a deep thermodynamic sink, and deacylation is indeed the severely rate-limiting step, leading to suicide inhibition of the peptidoglycan cross-linking. The usage of QM-cluster models is a promising technique to understand, improve, and design antibiotics to disrupt function of the Streptomyces R61 DD-peptidase.
Topics: Acylation; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Density Functional Theory; Enzyme Inhibitors; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Structure; Penicillin G; Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase; Streptomyces
PubMed: 32323874
DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26210 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal and its concentration in body plasma is tightly regulated. An increase in Cu concentration in body fluids is observed in numerous... (Review)
Review
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal and its concentration in body plasma is tightly regulated. An increase in Cu concentration in body fluids is observed in numerous pathological conditions, including infections caused by microorganisms. Evidence shows that Cu ions can impact the activity of antibiotics by increasing efficiency or diminishing/neutralizing antibiotic activity, forming complexes which may lead to antibiotic structure degradation. Herein, we represent the evidence available on Cu-antibiotic interactions and their possible impact on antimicrobial therapy efficiency. So far, in vitro studies described interactions between Cu ions and the majority of antibiotics in clinical use: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, isoniazid, metronidazole. In vitro-described degradation or lower antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefaclor, ceftriaxone, and meropenem in the presence of Cu ions suggest caution when using prescribed antibiotics in patients with altered Cu levels. On the other hand, several Cu-dependent compounds with antibacterial activity including the drug-resistant bacteria were discovered, such as thiosemicarbazones, disulfiram, dithiocarbamates, 8-hydroxiquinoline, phenanthrolines, pyrithione. Having in mind that the development of new antibiotics is already marked as inadequate and does not meet global needs, the potential of Cu-antibiotic interactions to change the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy requires further investigation.
Topics: Humans; Copper; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Meropenem; Ampicillin; Ions
PubMed: 37446795
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135133