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Parasites & Vectors Jun 2024Trichomonosis is a common infection in small animals, mostly manifesting in gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Although oral trichomonads are also known, the...
BACKGROUND
Trichomonosis is a common infection in small animals, mostly manifesting in gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Although oral trichomonads are also known, the species found colonizing the large intestine are more frequently detected protozoa.
METHODS
In the present study, four wildcats, 94 domestic cats, and 25 dogs, originating from 18 different locations in Hungary, were investigated for the presence of oral and large intestinal trichomonads based on the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2.
RESULTS
All oral swabs were negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, Tritrichomonas foetus was detected in a high proportion among tested domestic cats (13.8%) and dogs (16%), and Pentatrichomonas hominis only in two domestic cats. In addition, a novel Tritrichomonas genotype was identified in one cat, probably representing a new species that was shown to be phylogenetically most closely related to Tritrichomonas casperi described recently from mice. All positive dogs and half of the positive cats showed symptoms, and among cats, the most frequent breed was the Ragdoll.
CONCLUSIONS
With molecular methods, this study evaluated the prevalence of oral and intestinal trichomonads in clinical samples of dogs and cats from Hungary, providing the first evidence of T. foetus in dogs of this region. In contrast to literature data, P. hominis was more prevalent in cats than in dogs. Finally, a hitherto unknown large intestinal Tritrichomonas species (closely related to T. casperi) was shown to be present in a cat, raising two possibilities. First, this novel genotype might have been a rodent-associated pseudoparasite in the relevant cat. Otherwise, the cat was actually infected, thus suggesting the role of a predator-prey link in the evolution of this trichomonad.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Cat Diseases; Dog Diseases; Phylogeny; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Hungary; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Tritrichomonas; DNA, Protozoan; Female; Male; Genotype; Prevalence; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 38926778
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06343-0 -
Veterinary Parasitology Dec 2019Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from feline and bovine origin has been previously shown to carry a certain degree of genetic heterogeneity. Here, novel candidate...
Tritrichomonas foetus isolates from feline and bovine origin has been previously shown to carry a certain degree of genetic heterogeneity. Here, novel candidate molecular markers were developed by means of multilocus sequence typing of the gap2 gene (encoding for T. foetus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), ITS region, the TR7/TR8 variable-length repeat and microsatellite genotyping. These markers were used to characterize T. foetus field isolates from bulls and domestic cats and to compare phylogenetically with the following ATCC isolates: T. foetus isolated from cattle and pig (syn. Tritrichomonas suis), Tritrichomonas mobilensis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Pentatrichomonas hominis. Among them, TFMS10 and TFMS7 were found to be the most polymorphic markers. Moreover, an 809 bp fragment of the gap2 gene was successfully amplified from all the trichomonads included in this study and the sequence analysis revealed differences between T. foetus porcine and feline genotypes and T. mobilensis in comparison to the bovine T. foetus ATCC isolate. The TR7/TR8 repeat pattern was not reproducible, being only consistent the fragments of approximately 110 and 217 bp. Sequence analysis of the latter revealed the existence of 3 SNPs resulting in 98.6 % homology between bovine and feline isolates. A search for similar sequences was carried out to develop a Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism analysis. A 503 bp region, named TF1, revealed the existence of two BbvI restriction enzyme sites that were able to generate different length fragments for T. foetus feline and bovine isolates. Finally, the neighbour-joining analyses showed that T. foetus porcine genotype clusters together with bovine genotype, whereas T. mobilensis and the feline genotype form a separate cluster.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Consensus Sequence; DNA, Ribosomal; Genetic Markers; Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating); Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Minisatellite Repeats; Molecular Sequence Data; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Alignment; Tritrichomonas foetus
PubMed: 31726324
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108965 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Protozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of...
Protozoa, in both humans and animals, are one of the leading causes of disease. International programmes introduced in many countries have helped reduce the incidence of disease. However, it has recently become increasingly difficult to achieve the goals set for the coming years. One of the main reasons for this, as with other pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is the increasing resistance to current methods of treating and preventing infection. Therefore, new therapies with high efficacy are needed. In the present study, the novel mixtures of essential oils (EOs), clove, garlic, Ceylon cinnamon, and rosemary with organic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic) and metal ions (Cu, Mn, Zn) were tested against five selected model protozoa (, , , , ). The cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of the obtained combinations were tested on the human fibroblasts (NHDF) and human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, LoVo, HT29). All of the mixtures showed very good antiprotozoal properties. The most efficient were the combination of clove and rosemary essential oils, mixtures of acids, and Mn ions. The LD values were in the range of 0.001-0.006% and the LD values were 0.002-0.008%. All of the tested mixtures did not show cytotoxicity against normal cells, but did show growth inhibition against cancer cell lines. The most cytotoxic against cancer cells were combinations with cinnamon essential oil. Nevertheless, the proposed combinations containing essential oils, organic acids, and metal ions have high antiprotozoal activity, with low toxicity to healthy human cells.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Oils, Volatile; Monoterpenes; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cinnamomum zeylanicum
PubMed: 36771061
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031395 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2020The aim was to perform systematic review of genitourinary protozoan invasion and analyze their pathogenicity and the ability to influence the genitourinary infections.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to perform systematic review of genitourinary protozoan invasion and analyze their pathogenicity and the ability to influence the genitourinary infections.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: For systematic review of papers the EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched. We also reviewed our own pilot studies using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis and Giardia lamblia.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Trichomonas tenax, Pentatrichomonas hominis, Giardia lamblia can cause genitourinary invasion in addition to Trichomonas vaginalis. Their eradication is obligatory at least for not keeping intact pathogenic microorganisms phagocyted by Trichomonas spp. Defining the protozoan forms is important in preventing of genital infections recurrences and reinfections.
Topics: Genitalia; Giardia; Humans; Trichomonas vaginalis
PubMed: 32248179
DOI: No ID Found -
Microorganisms May 2024Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by...
Collider Bias Assessment in Colombian Indigenous Wiwa and Kogui Populations with Chronic Gastroenteric Disorder of Likely Infectious Etiology Suggests Complex Microbial Interactions Rather Than Clear Assignments of Etiological Relevance.
Multiple microbial detections in stool samples of indigenous individuals suffering from chronic gastroenteric disorder of a likely infectious origin, characterized by recurring diarrhea of variable intensity, in the rural north-east of Colombia are common findings, making the assignment of etiological relevance to individual pathogens challenging. In a population of 773 indigenous people from either the tribe Wiwa or Kogui, collider bias analysis was conducted comprising 32 assessed microorganisms including 10 bacteria ( spp., spp., enteroaggregative (EAEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), spp., Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), spp./enteroinvasive (EIEC), and spp.), 11 protozoa ( spp., spp., spp., , , /// complex, , , , and ), 8 helminths ( spp., , spp., , spp., spp., spp. and spp.), microsporidia ( spp.) and fungal elements (microscopically observed conidia and pseudoconidia). The main results indicated that negative associations potentially pointing towards collider bias were infrequent events (n = 14), while positive associations indicating increased likelihood of co-occurrence of microorganisms quantitatively dominated (n = 88). Microorganisms showing the most frequent negative associations were EPEC (n = 6) and spp. (n = 3), while positive associations were most common for spp. (n = 16), (n = 15), spp./EIEC (n = 12), spp. (n = 11) and spp. (n = 10). Of note, positive associations quantitively dominated for spp. In conclusion, collider bias assessment did not allow clear-cut assignment of etiological relevance for detected enteric microorganisms within the assessed Colombian indigenous population. Instead, the results suggested complex microbial interactions with potential summative effects. Future studies applying alternative biostatistical approaches should be considered to further delineate respective interactions.
PubMed: 38792799
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050970 -
Georgian Medical News Dec 2019Objective - study of the features of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion in pregnant women and newborns. The cultures of Trichomonas isolated from a pregnant woman, her...
Objective - study of the features of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion in pregnant women and newborns. The cultures of Trichomonas isolated from a pregnant woman, her newborn girl, as well as amniotic fluid were examined. The ultrastructure of the cells was studied using a TEM-125K microscope equipped with a SAI-01A system (SELMI), using a DX 2 CCD camera and the KAPPA software package. The verification of STI pathogens was carried out by PCR, in particular, Trichomonas tenax and Pentatrichomonas hominis were identified by experimental original primers that were developed using real-time PCR (PCR-RT). The invasion of Trichomonas vaginalis of the genital tract of a newborn girl, amniotic fluid and amniotic membrane is characterized clinically and instrumentally. We proved the possibility of Trichomonas vaginalis invasion of newborn children not only during the passage of the child through the infected birth canal, but also due to a defect in the fetal membranes with the development of chorioamnionitis, followed by infection of the amniotic fluid and possible infection of the fetus.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vagina
PubMed: 32011293
DOI: No ID Found