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Microbiota composition modulates inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia after arterial angioplasty.Journal of Vascular Surgery Apr 2020Neointimal hyperplasia is a major contributor to restenosis after arterial interventions, but the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying the variable propensity...
BACKGROUND
Neointimal hyperplasia is a major contributor to restenosis after arterial interventions, but the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying the variable propensity for neointimal hyperplasia between individuals, including the role of commensal microbiota, are not well understood. We sought to characterize how shifting the microbiome using cage sharing and bedding mixing between rats with differing restenosis phenotypes after carotid artery balloon angioplasty could alter arterial remodeling.
METHODS
We co-housed and mixed bedding between genetically distinct rats (Lewis [LE] and Sprague-Dawley [SD]) that harbor different commensal microbes and that are known to have different neointimal hyperplasia responses to carotid artery balloon angioplasty. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to monitor changes in the gut microbiome.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in neointimal hyperplasia between non-co-housed LE and SD rats 14 days after carotid artery angioplasty (mean intima + media [I + M] area, 0.117 ± 0.014 mm LE vs 0.275 ± 0.021 mm SD; P < .001) that were diminished by co-housing. Co-housing also altered local adventitial Ki67 immunoreactivity, local accumulation of leukocytes and macrophages (total and M2), and interleukin 17A concentration 3 days after surgery in each strain. Non-co-housed SD and LE rats had microbiomes distinguished by both weighted (P = .012) and unweighted (P < .001) UniFrac beta diversity distances, although without significant differences in alpha diversity. The difference in unweighted beta diversity between the fecal microbiota of SD and LE rats was significantly reduced by co-housing. Operational taxonomic units that significantly correlated with average I + M area include Parabacteroides distasonis, Desulfovibrio, Methanosphaera, Peptococcus, and Prevotella. Finally, serum concentrations of microbe-derived metabolites hydroxyanthranilic acid and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were significantly associated with I + M area in both rat strains independent of co-housing.
CONCLUSIONS
We describe a novel mechanism for how microbiome manipulations affect arterial remodeling and the inflammatory response after arterial injury. A greater understanding of the host inflammatory-microbe axis could uncover novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of restenosis.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon; Animals; Carotid Artery Injuries; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperplasia; Inflammation; Neointima; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 32035769
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.06.208 -
The Science of the Total Environment May 2020Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during the degradation of food wastes may harm to the health of people and create annoyance in adjacent communities. In this...
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during the degradation of food wastes may harm to the health of people and create annoyance in adjacent communities. In this work, the VOCs emitted from the decomposition food wastes including fruit, meat and vegetable, and their microbial communities were measured in three individual 57-L reactors for 61 days. Total of 232.8, 373.5, and 191.1 μg·kg·h VOCs with oxygenated VOCs (57.6%), volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs, 58.6%) and VOSCs (54.9%) as the main group were detected during fruit, meat and vegetable fermentation, respectively. 2-Butanone (55.1%) and ethyl acetate (13.8%) were the two most abundant VOCs from fruit wastes, while dimethyl sulfide (68.0 and 26.6%) and dimethyl disulfide (89.2 and 10.1%) were in vegetable and meat wastes. The predominant Firmicutes represented 93.0-99.9% of the bacterial communities of meat decomposition, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla throughout the fruit digestion process. Proteobacteria (16.9%-83.6%) was the dominant phylum in vegetable wastes, followed by Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Malodorous VOCs emissions were highly affected by microbial activity, the abundant Weissella, Leuconostoc and Enterobacteriaceae in vegetable wastes showed correlation with carbon disulfide and dimethyl sulfide, while dominant Peptococcus, Bacteroides, Lactobacillales and Peptoniphilus in meat wastes was related to dimethyl disulfide. Overall, significant differences and correlation between VOCs emission profiles and bacterial communities among different food wastes decomposition were observed. These data contribute to a more comprehensive understanding the relationship between microbial community dynamics and malodorous VOCs emission.
Topics: Food; Gases; Refuse Disposal; Sulfur Compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 32062272
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137175 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Metabolites produced by an altered gut microbiota might mediate the effects in the brain. Among metabolites, the fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered...
Metabolites produced by an altered gut microbiota might mediate the effects in the brain. Among metabolites, the fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered to be potential biomarkers. In this study, we examined both the VOCs and bacterial taxa in the feces from healthy subjects and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients at early and middle stages. Remarkably, 29 fecal VOCs and 13 bacterial genera were differentiated from the healthy subjects and the AD patients. In general, higher amounts of acids and esters were found in in the feces of the AD patients and terpenes, sulfur compounds and aldehydes in the healthy subjects. At the early stage of AD, the most relevant VOCs with a higher abundance were short-chain fatty acids and their producing bacteria, and . Coinciding with the development of dementia in the AD patients, parallel rises of heptanoic acid and were observed. At a more advanced stage of AD, the microbiota and volatiles shifted towards a profile in the feces with increases in hexanoic acid, and . The most remarkable VOCs that were associated with the healthy subjects were 4-ethyl-phenol and dodecanol, together with their possible producers and . Our results revealed a VOCs and microbiota crosstalk in AD development and their profiles in the feces were specific depending on the stage of AD. Additionally, some of the most significant fecal VOCs identified in our study could be used as potential biomarkers for the initiation and progression of AD.
Topics: Humans; Volatile Organic Compounds; Alzheimer Disease; Microbiota; Cognitive Dysfunction; Feces; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Bacteria; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36614151
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010707 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury....
Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address this research gap using a Wistar male rat experimental model. Histologic and biochemical analysis results showed that the groups treated with both low-dose yeast extract (YEL) and high-dose yeast extract (YEH) had lower degrees of alcohol-induced liver injury. The abundance of and reduced in the low-dose yeast extract (YEL) group, while that of , , and reduced in the high-dose (YEH) group. Furthermore, Spearman analysis showed that the gut microbes were significantly associated with several liver-related indicators. For the analysis of differential metabolites and enriched pathways in the YEL group, the abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) significantly increased, and then the levels of histamine, adenosine and 5' -adenine nucleotide were remarkedly elevated in the YEH group. These findings suggest that both high and low doses of YE can have different protective effects on liver injury in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) rats, in addition to improving gut microbiota disorder. Besides, high-dose YE has been found to be more effective than low-dose YE in metabolic regulation, as well as in dealing with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
PubMed: 37547679
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217449 -
Metabolites Aug 2022The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels...
The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global public health concern. The mechanism that leads to glucose tolerance beyond normal physiological levels to pathogenic conditions remains incompletely understood, and it is speculated that the maternal microbiome may play an important role. This study analyzes the gut microbiota composition in each trimester of weight-matched women with and without GDM and examines possible bacterial genera associations with GDM. This study followed 56 pregnant women with GDM and 59 without admitted to the outpatient clinic during their first/second or third trimester of gestation. They were submitted to a standardized questionnaire, dietary recalls, clinical examination, biological sample collection, and molecular profiling of fecal microbiota. Women with GDM were older and had a higher number of pregnancies than normal-tolerant ones. There was no difference in alpha diversity, and the groups did not differ regarding the overall microbiota structure. A higher abundance of in the GDM group was found. A positive correlation between and abundances with one-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and a negative correlation between and two-hour plasma glucose levels were observed. and abundances were increased in the third gestational trimester for both groups. The gut microbiota composition was not dependent on the presence of GDM weight-matched women throughout gestation. However, some genera abundances showed associations with glucose metabolism. Our findings may therefore encourage a deeper understanding of physiological and pathophysiological changes in the microbiota throughout pregnancy, which could have further implications for diseases prevention.
PubMed: 36144203
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090796 -
Marine Drugs May 2020Caerulomycin A (CRM A) is the first example of natural caerulomycins with a 2,2'-bipyridyl ring core and 6-aldoxime functional group from and recently from...
Caerulomycin A (CRM A) is the first example of natural caerulomycins with a 2,2'-bipyridyl ring core and 6-aldoxime functional group from and recently from marine-derived WH1-2216-6. Our previous study revealed that CRM A showed anti-tumor activity against human colorectal cancer (CRC) both in vitro and in vivo. Because some intestinal flora can affect the occurrence and development of CRC, the influence of CRM A on the intestinal flora is worthy of study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region in bacterial 16S rDNA gene results showed that the CRM A affected the diversity of intestinal flora of the SD rats treated with CRM A for 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Further analysis indicated that the abundance of genera Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Lactobacillus were increased while the that of genera Alloprevotella and Ruminiclostridium_1 were decreased. For the CRC related intestinal flora, the abundance of genera , , , , , , and of SD rats treated with CRM A were decreased, while that of abundance of genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Oscillibacter, and Clostridium were increased. The results indicated that CRM A could influence the intestinal flora by inhibiting some species of harmful flora and improving the beneficial bacteria in intestinal flora in the SD rats. The results may provide a new idea for revealing the mechanism of the anti-CRC activity of CRM A.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 32456087
DOI: 10.3390/md18050277 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022Age is an important factor that determines the physiological functions of the human body, but the changes in maternal physiology, biochemistry, and intestinal flora...
Age is an important factor that determines the physiological functions of the human body, but the changes in maternal physiology, biochemistry, and intestinal flora related to reproductive age and their impact on offspring are not clear. Here, we tested and analyzed the clinical physiological and biochemical indicators and/or intestinal flora, matching the data of 252 parturients and their newborns. We found that 4 clinical indicators, including the white blood cell count and the absolute value of monocytes, were significantly related to the reproductive age ( < 0.05). The composition of the intestinal flora also varied with age, and the intestinal flora of advanced-age women (≥35 years old) was different from that of middle-aged women (>25 and <35 years old). We also found that changes in maternal clinical physiological and biochemical indicators related to reproductive age could reflect changes in the abundance of bacteria, such as and , and changes in the intestinal flora spread to offspring. These results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, help us examine the importance of age-appropriate birth from a broader perspective, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction. In this study, we demonstrated that physiological indicators and the gut microbiome fluctuate drastically among parturients of different reproductive ages and that there is a significant correlation between the two changes. Mothers of different ages had different gut microbes, and the gut microbiota varied as the childbearing age became too high. Changes in the gut microbiome with maternal reproductive age affected the offspring, and the influence of reproductive age on the intestinal flora had a synergistic effect between mother and child that was revealed for the first time. The maternal childbearing age might affect the colonization of the offspring's initial flora. The results provide new evidence to explain the increased adverse pregnancy outcomes of mothers of inappropriate age, describe the increased health risks of newborns, and contribute to the discovery of mother-child bonds for a better understanding of healthy reproduction.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mothers; Bacteria; Reproduction
PubMed: 35993782
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01076-22 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Increasing numbers of people are suffering from sleep disorders. The gut microbiota of these individuals differs significantly. However, no reports are available on the...
BACKGROUND
Increasing numbers of people are suffering from sleep disorders. The gut microbiota of these individuals differs significantly. However, no reports are available on the causal associations between specific gut microbiota and sleep disorders.
METHODS
Data on gut genera were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium. Twenty-four cohorts with 18,340 individuals of European origin were included. Sleep disorder data, which included 216,454 European individuals, were retrieved from the FinnGen Biobank. Subsequently, two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to analyze associations between sleep disorders and specific components of the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
Inverse variance weighting (IVW) revealed a negative correlation between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.797, 95% CI = 0.66-0.96, and = 0.016), a positive correlation between and sleep disorders (OR = 1.429, 95% CI = 1.03-1.98, and = 0.032), a negative association between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.56-0.98, and = 0.038), and a negative association between and sleep disorders (OR = 0.858, 95% CI = 0.74-0.99, = 0.039).
CONCLUSION
A significant causal relationship was found between four specific gut microbiota and sleep disorders. One family, , was observed to increase the risk of sleep disorders, while three genera, namely, , and , could reduce the risk of sleep disorders. However, further investigations are needed to confirm the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects sleep.
PubMed: 38585691
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372827 -
Movement Ecology Nov 2022Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can...
Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can temporarily change during migration, likely due to differences in diets, habitats and other environmental conditions experienced en route. However, how physiological condition, migratory patterns, and other drivers interact to affect microbiota composition of migratory birds is still unclear. We sampled the cloacal bacterial microbiota of a long-distance migrant, the steppe buzzard (Buteo buteo vulpinus), at an important spring stopover bottleneck in Eilat, Israel, after crossing the ca. 1800 km Sahara Desert. We examined whether diversity and composition of the cloacal microbiota varied with body condition, sex, movement patterns (i.e., arrival time and migration distance), and survival. Early arrival to Eilat was associated with better body condition, longer post-Eilat spring migration distance, higher microbial α-diversity, and differences in microbiota composition. Specifically, early arrivals had higher abundance of the phylum Synergistota and five genera, including Jonquetella and Peptococcus, whereas the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia-Shigella (as well as three other genera) were more abundant in later arrivals. While the differences in α-diversity and Escherichia-Shigella seem to be mainly driven by body condition, other compositional differences associated with arrival date could be indicators of longer migratory journeys (e.g., pre-fueling at wintering grounds or stopover habitats along the way) or migratory performance. No significant differences were found between the microbiota of surviving and non-surviving individuals. Overall, our results indicate that variation in steppe buzzard microbiota is linked to variation in migratory patterns (i.e., capture/arrival date) and body condition, highlighting the importance of sampling the microbiota of GPS-tracked individuals on multiple occasions along their migration routes to gain a more detailed understanding of the links between migration, microbiota, and health in birds.
PubMed: 36345043
DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00347-0 -
PeerJ 2021Gut microbiota plays a key role in the survival and reproduction of wild animals which rely on microbiota to break down plant compounds for nutrients. As compared to...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbiota plays a key role in the survival and reproduction of wild animals which rely on microbiota to break down plant compounds for nutrients. As compared to laboratory animals, wild animals face much more threat of environmental changes (e.g. food shortages and risk of infection). Therefore, studying the gut microbiota of wild animals can help us better understand the mechanisms animals use to adapt to their environment.
METHODS
We collected the feces of Brandt's voles in the grassland, of three age groups (juvenile, adult and old), in both sexes. We studied the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The main members of gut microbiota in Brandt's voles were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. As voles get older, the proportion of Firmicutes increased gradually, and the proportion of Bacteroides decreased gradually. The diversity of the microbiota of juveniles is lower, seems like there is still a lot of space for colonization, and there are large variations in the composition of the microbiome between individuals. In adulthood, the gut microbiota tends to be stable, and the diversity is highest. In adult, the abundances of and of female were significantly higher than male voles.
CONCLUSIONS
The gut microbiota of Brandt's vole was influenced by sex and age, probably due to growth needs and hormone levels. Gut microbiota of wild animals were much influenced by their life-history reflected by their age and sex. Future studies will be directed to identify functions of these "wild microbiota" in regulating physiological or behavioral processes of wild animals in different life stage or sexes.
PubMed: 34164232
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11434