-
Aging Cell Mar 2024The Methionine restriction (MR) diet has been shown to delay aging and extend lifespan in various model organisms. However, the long-term effects of MR diet on the gut...
The Methionine restriction (MR) diet has been shown to delay aging and extend lifespan in various model organisms. However, the long-term effects of MR diet on the gut microbiome composition remain unclear. To study this, male mice were started on MR and control diet regimens at 6 months and continued until 22 months of age. MR mice have reduced body weight, fat mass percentage, and bone mineral density while having increased lean mass percentage. MR mice also have increased insulin sensitivity along with increasing indirect calorimetry markers such as energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and glucose oxidation. Fecal samples were collected at 1 week, 18 weeks, and 57 weeks after the diet onset for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the gut microbiome composition. Alpha and beta diversity metrics detected changes occurring due to the timepoint variable, but no changes were detected due to the diet variable. The results from LEfSe analysis surprisingly showed that more bacterial taxa changes were linked to age rather than diet. Interestingly, we found that the long-term MR diet feeding induced smaller changes compared to short-term feeding. Specific taxa changes due to the diet were observed at the 1 or 18-week time points, including Ileibacterium, Odoribacter, Lachnoclostridium, Marinifilaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Furthermore, there were consistent aging-associated changes across both groups, with an increase in Ileibacterium and Erysipelotrichaceae with age, while Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Peptococcus decreased with age.
Topics: Male; Mice; Animals; Methionine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Diet; Body Weight; Racemethionine
PubMed: 38279509
DOI: 10.1111/acel.14051 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2021Diabetes is associated with a high risk of developing cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is associated with a high risk of developing cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have found that gut microbiota may be involved in the progression of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.
AIMS
To analyze the diversity of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes with or without cognitive impairment METHODS: 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the gut microbiota composition in 154 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects RESULTS: Among 154 elderly T2DM participants included in our study, 73 with normal and 81 with impaired cognition. Lower levels of hemoglobin and HDL were observed in subjects with cognitive impairment. Patients with cognitive impairment had a lower abundance of Tenericutes. Comparison at the genus level revealed that T2DM patients with cognitive impairment had a decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium and unranked-RF39 and an increased abundance of Peptococcus and unranked-Leuconostocaceae. Additionally, the relative abundance of Veillonella and Pediococcus were decreased in subjects with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, the relative abundance of 7 sub-functions was significantly changed in the group with cognitive impairment. Calcium signaling pathways and the Renin-angiotensin system were upregulated in the cognitive impairment group while GnRH signaling, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, endocytosis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, and cytochrome P450 were deregulated.
CONCLUSION
Bifidobacterium may be associated with cognition in T2DM. Calcium signaling and renin-angiotensin system were shown to be associated with diabetes-associated cognitive impairment through gut microbiota.
Topics: Aged; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 32301029
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01553-9 -
Animal Microbiome May 2021Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have...
BACKGROUND
Oral diseases are common in dogs, with microbiota playing a prominent role in the disease process. Oral cavity habitats harbor unique microbiota populations that have relevance to health and disease. Despite their importance, the canine oral cavity microbial habitats have been poorly studied. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the oral microbiota of different habitats of dogs and (2) correlate oral health scores with bacterial taxa and identify what sites may be good options for understanding the role of microbiota in oral diseases. We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) microbial habitats of 26 healthy adult female Beagle dogs (4.0 ± 1.2 year old) and identify taxa associated with periodontal disease indices.
RESULTS
Bacterial species richness was highest for SAL, moderate for SUB, and lowest for SUP samples (p < 0.001). Unweighted and weighted principal coordinates plots showed clustering by habitat, with SAL and SUP samples being the most different from one another. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla in all habitats. Paludibacter, Filifactor, Peptostreptococcus, Fusibacter, Anaerovorax, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Desulfomicrobium, and TG5 were enriched in SUB samples, while Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Leucobacter, Euzebya, Capnocytophaga, Bergeyella, Lautropia, Lampropedia, Desulfobulbus, Enhydrobacter, and Moraxella were enriched in SUP samples. Prevotella, SHD-231, Helcococcus, Treponema, and Acholeplasma were enriched in SAL samples. p-75-a5, Arcobacter, and Pasteurella were diminished in SUB samples. Porphyromonas, Peptococcus, Parvimonas, and Campylobacter were diminished in SUP samples, while Tannerella, Proteocalla, Schwartzia, and Neisseria were diminished in SAL samples. Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher oral health scores (worsened health) in plaque samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate the differences that exist among canine salivary, subgingival plaque and supragingival plaque habitats. Salivary samples do not require sedation and are easy to collect, but do not accurately represent the plaque populations that are most important to oral disease. Plaque Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, and Neisseria were associated with higher (worse) oral health scores. Future studies analyzing samples from progressive disease stages are needed to validate these results and understand the role of bacteria in periodontal disease development.
PubMed: 34001282
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00100-9 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The physiological state of the host affects the gut microbes. The estrus cycle is critical to the reproductive cycle of sows. However, the association between gut...
The physiological state of the host affects the gut microbes. The estrus cycle is critical to the reproductive cycle of sows. However, the association between gut microbes and animal estrus is poorly understood. Here, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) non-targeted metabolome technology were used to study the estrous cycles in Diannan small ear pigs. Significantly different gut microbiota and metabolites of sows at estrous and diestrus were screened out and the correlation was analyzed. We found that the intestinal microbial composition and microbial metabolism of Diannan small ear sows were significantly different at diestrus and metestrus. The abundances of , , , , , , and in intestinal microorganisms of Diannan small ear sows at metestrus are significantly higher than that at diestrus. Propionic acid, benzyl butyrate, sucrose, piperidine, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) were significantly enriched at metestrus compared with diestrus, which were involved in the energy metabolism-related pathways and activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. At diestrus and metestrus, differential microbiota of , , , , and differential metabolites of piperidine, propionic acid, and benzyl butyrate, sucrose, 4-methyl catechol, and AICAR exist a certain degree of correlation. Therefore, , , and may have a potential role at metestrus of the Diannan small ear sows. AICAR may be apotential marker of estrus Diannan small ear sows feces, but further studies about the specific mechanism are needed. These findings provide a new perspective for sows production management and improving sows reproductive performance.
PubMed: 35516431
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826881 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Apr 2022Dietary proteins play a critical role in maintaining the health of elderly people. Although experts recommend that elderly people consume more protein, a high-protein...
Dietary proteins play a critical role in maintaining the health of elderly people. Although experts recommend that elderly people consume more protein, a high-protein diet may add to the burden of elderly people with degraded digestion and absorption functions. The effects of a normal or high-protein diet and those of a whole or hydrolyzed protein diet on bone and muscle health and gastrointestinal function were evaluated in aged female C57BL/6J mice. The hydrolyzed protein diet with 14.7% protein energy ratio (HNP) contributed to the maintenance of weight and an increase in bone and muscle mass. Further, the overall aging situation was improved by the consumption of this diet. However, the hydrolyzed protein diet with 21.3% protein energy ratio (HHP) increased the levels of LPS, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in serum. Additionally, the small intestine structure was damaged, and the goblet cell number was decreased in the HHP and whole protein with 21.3% protein energy ratio (HP) groups. The relative abundances of Streptococcus and Peptococcus were decreased while that of Bifidobacterium was increased in HNP group compared with the whole protein with 14.7% protein energy ratio (NP) and HP groups. Undigested proteins entering the intestine may cause undesirable changes in gut microbiota, which adversely affect the aging body in NP and HP groups. In summary, hydrolyzed proteins are more advisable than untreated dietary protein in aged mice. This study aimed to provide guidance for daily diet for elderly people, and provide additional information to industry in order to guide their future food development.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Bifidobacterium; Diet, High-Fat; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 35337552
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110970 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024The etiological factors of Cholestatic Liver Diseases especially primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are not fully illustrated. It...
BACKGROUND
The etiological factors of Cholestatic Liver Diseases especially primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are not fully illustrated. It has been reported in previous observational studies that gut microbiota are associated with cholestatic liver diseases. However, there is uncertainty regarding the causality of this association. By using Mendelian randomization, this study aimed to examine the causal impact of gut microbiota on cholestatic liver diseases.
METHODS
From large-scale genome-wide association studies, genetic instruments for each gut microbiota taxa as well as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were developed. Subsequently, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, supplemented by multiple sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we performed reverse MR analyses to investigate the possibility of the reverse causal association.
RESULT
This two-sample MR study indicated that the was associated with a decreased risk of developing PBC, and that may be factors that increase the risk of PBC. On the other hand, we also identified were positively associated with PSC. The , and were found negative associations with the risk of PSC. The reverse MR analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between PBC, PSC and these specific gut microbial taxa.
CONCLUSION
Our findings offered novel evidence that the abundance of particular bacteria contributes to the risk of PBC and PSC, which may contribute to more effective approaches to PBC and PSC therapy and prevention.
PubMed: 38327703
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1342119 -
BMC Microbiology Dec 2023Certain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as...
Certain strains of probiotic bacteria can secret functional substances namely digestive enzymes and functional peptides to regulate physiological conditions such as digestion and anti-oxidation, which are often incorporated in industrial broiler chick production. However, few studies have detailed the action mechanisms and effects of these bacteria on regulating growth and anti-oxidation levels in broiler chickens. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a strain of probiotic bacteria used as dietary supplement. In the present study, Ligilactobacillus salivarius was evaluated for its secreted digestive enzymes in vitro. To detailed evaluate the action mechanisms and effects of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota on alleviating anti-oxidation levels of broiler chickens through the gut-brain axis. Ligilactobacillus salivarius was cultured and supplemented in the food of broilers to evaluate the probiotic effect on growth and anti-oxidation by modulation of gut microbial composition and its functional metabolites using metagenomic and metabolomic assays. Biochemical results showed that Ligilactobacillus salivarius secreted digestive enzymes: protease, lipase, and amylase. Broiler chickens with Ligilactobacillus salivarius supplemented for 42 days, showed increased body weights, a reduced oxidative status, decreased malondialdehyde levels, and improved activities rates of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase IIand IV improved. The microbial composition of caecum was more abundant than those broiler without probiotics supplementation, owing 400 of total number (489) of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU). The genera of Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Ruminoccoccaceae, Ruminococcus, Alistipes and Helicobacter shared the dominant proportion of Candidatus _Arthromitus compared with the control chickens. These functional bacteria genera assisted in the transportation and digestion of amino acids, carbohydrates, and ions, synthesis of cellular membranes, and anti-oxidation. Uncultured_organism_g_ Anaerosporobacter, Lactobacillus salivarius, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, uncultured_bacterium_g_ Peptococcus were strongly and positively correlated with body growth performance and anti-oxidation. A metabonomic assay suggested that the secreted of gamma-aminobutyric acid and monobactam was metabolized according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. In conclusion, Ligilactobacillus salivarius optimized microbial composition of the caecum and secreted functional peptides through gut-brain axis to improve the body growth and antioxidation of broiler chicken.
Topics: Animals; Ligilactobacillus salivarius; Chickens; Brain-Gut Axis; Animal Feed; Probiotics; Bacteria; Peptides
PubMed: 38071295
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03135-x -
European Journal of Nutrition Sep 2021Obesity has been related to intestinal dysbiosis and the modification of gut microbiota composition by dietary strategies becomes a promising strategy to help manage... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Obesity has been related to intestinal dysbiosis and the modification of gut microbiota composition by dietary strategies becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two weight-loss diets on the composition and functional profile of gut microbiota.
METHODS
55 men and 124 women with BMI > 25 kg/m were randomly assigned to moderately high-protein (MHP) or low-fat (LF) diet. Differences in fecal bacteria abundance (based on 16 s rRNA sequencing) between before and after 4 months of calorie restriction was analyzed using EdgeR tool in MicrobiomeAnalyst platform. Bacterial functional profile was predicted using Tax4Fun and metagenomeSeq analysis. Significant KEGG Orthology (KO) terms were selected for the metabolomic study using chromatography.
RESULTS
After the intervention, MHP-men showed a significant decrease in Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Dielma and Dielma fastidiosa. LF-men showed a significant increase in Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae, Peptococcus, Streptococcus and Christensenella, Duncaniella dubosii_CP039396_93.49%, Roseburia sp_AB744234_98.96% and Alistipes inops_KJ572413_99.57%. MHP-women increased Pasteurellales, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans_LR215981_99.55% and decreased in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens_NR112902_99.56%. Finally, LF-women presented a significant decrease in Bacteroides clarus and Erysipelothrix inopinata_CP060715_84.4%. Surprisingly, no matching bacterial changes were found between these four groups. A total of 42 KO, 10 metabolic pathways and 107 related metabolites related were found implicated in these bacterial changes. Seven metabolites were confirmed in plasma.
CONCLUSION
Weight-loss-related-changes in gut microbiome composition and the functional profile occur in a sex- and diet-related manner, showing that women and men could differentially benefit from the consumption of MHP and LF diets.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT02737267, 10th March 2016 retrospectively registered.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales; Diet; Diet, Reducing; Erysipelothrix; Feces; Female; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Veillonellaceae; Weight Loss
PubMed: 33591390
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02508-0 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another...
This study investigated the use of carbadox in the diet of nursery pigs. Ten pens of weanling piglets were assigned to 2 treatments: one containing carbadox and another without it. From days 21 to 35 of age, the first group of piglets was fed carbadox at 55 mg/kg of diet; followed by 27.5 mg/kg from days 36 to 49; and 0 mg/kg from days 50 to 63. The second group of pigs was fed a control diet without carbadox from days 21 to 63 of age. On days 35, 49, and 63, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of 2 piglets in each pen, and the samples were subjected to microbial DNA sequencing and metagenomic functional analysis using the 16S rRNA gene. Feed conversion from days 21 to 63 was improved ( = 0.04) in the group of piglets fed carbadox. Faith's phylogenetic diversity was similar ( = 0.89) for both groups of piglets on day 35, but it was diminished ( = 0.01) in the carbadox-fed group on day 49; however, following the complete removal of carbadox from their diets, this microbial diversity index was once again found to be similar ( = 0.27) in both groups on day 63. Likewise, abundances of , and were all similar between the two groups ( ≥ 0.40) on day 35, but were smaller in the carbadox group ( ≤ 0.05) on day 49; however, on day 63, abundances of all these genera were once again similar ( ≥ 0.29). Metabolic pathways involved in cellular growth, death, and genetic information processing (translation) were found to be similarly expressed in the microbiota of piglets from both groups on day 35 ( ≥ 0.52), but decreased in the carbadox group on day 49 ( ≤ 0.05), and were similar again in both groups on day 63 ( ≥ 0.51). These results revealed that feeding carbadox to piglets during the first 4 weeks after weaning significantly affected their fecal microbiotas; however, 2 weeks after the removal of carbadox, those changes tended to disappear, indicating that the shifts were carbadox-dependent.
PubMed: 33778032
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.601394 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Mar 2024Recent studies have indicated an association between intestinal flora and lipids. However, observational studies cannot indicate causality. In this study, we aimed to...
AIMS
Recent studies have indicated an association between intestinal flora and lipids. However, observational studies cannot indicate causality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potentially causal relationships between the intestinal flora and blood lipids.
METHODS
We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between intestinal flora and blood lipids. Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for the 211 intestinal flora and blood lipid traits (n = 5) were obtained from public datasets. Five recognized MR methods were applied to assess the causal relationship with lipids, among which, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression was used as the primary MR method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the causal estimates.
RESULTS
The results indicated a potential causal association between 19 intestinal flora and dyslipidemia in humans. Genus Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Parasutterella, Terrisporobacter, Parabacteroides, Class Erysipelotrichia, Family Erysipelotrichaceae, and order Erysipelotrichales were associated with higher dyslipidemia, whereas genus Oscillospira, Peptococcus, Ruminococcaceae UCG010, Ruminococcaceae UCG011, Dorea, and Family Desulfovibrionaceae were associated with lower dyslipidemia. After using the Bonferroni method for multiple testing correction, Only Desulfovibrionaceae [Estimate = -0.0418, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9362-0.9826, P = 0.0007] exhibited stable and significant negative associations with ApoB levels. The inverse MR analysis did not find a significant causal effect of lipids on the intestinal flora. Additionally, no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy for IVs was observed in the analysis.
CONCLUSION
The study suggested a causal relationship between intestinal flora and dyslipidemia. These findings will provide a meaningful reference to discover dyslipidemia for intervention to address the problems in the clinic.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Atherosclerosis; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 38431594
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03804-3