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Gastroenterology Dec 2023Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota.
METHODS
CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apc mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion.
RESULTS
PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apc mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice.
CONCLUSIONS
PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Signal Transduction; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dextran Sulfate; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Apoptosis; Medicine, Traditional; Colorectal Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Azoxymethane
PubMed: 37704113
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052 -
Archives of Microbiology Jul 2022Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the...
Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 are representatives of two bacterial species isolated from human specimens. Strain Marseille-P3761 was isolated from the stool of a healthy volunteer, while strain Marseille-P3915 was cultivated from the urine of a kidney transplant recipient. Both strains are anaerobic Gram-positive coccoid bacteria. Both are catalase-negative and oxidase-negative and grow optimally at 37 °C in anaerobic conditions. They also metabolize carbohydrates, such as galactose, glucose, fructose, and glycerol. The major fatty acids were hexadecanoic acid for both strains. The highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 strains when compared to their closest phylogenetic relatives were 52.3% and 56.4%, respectively. Strains Marseille-P3761 and Marseille-P3195 shared an OrthoANI value of 83.5% which was the highest value found with Peptoniphilus species studied here. The morphological, biochemical, phenotypic and genomic characteristics strongly support that these strains are new members of the Peptoniphilus genus. Thus, we suggest that Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov., and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., are new species for which strains Marseille-P3761 (CSUR P3761 = CCUG 71,569) and Marseille-P3195 (CSUR P3195 = DSM 103,468) are their type strains, respectively of two new Peptoniphilus species, for which we propose the names Peptoniphilus coli sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus urinae sp. nov., respectively.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 35857142
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03044-z -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Sep 2021A Gram-positive, anaerobic coccus isolated from a human surgical site infection was previously shown to belong to an unknown species of the genus Peptoniphilus initially... (Review)
Review
Peptoniphilus nemausensis sp. nov. A new Gram-positive anaerobic coccus isolated from human clinical samples, an emendated description of the genus Peptoniphilus and an evaluation of the taxonomic status of Peptoniphilus species with not validly published names.
A Gram-positive, anaerobic coccus isolated from a human surgical site infection was previously shown to belong to an unknown species of the genus Peptoniphilus initially proposed as 'Peptoniphilus nemausus' sp. nov., based on both 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 97.9% with the most closely related species Peptoniphilus coxii and an individualized phylogenetic branching within the genus Peptoniphilus. A polyphasic characterization of the novel species is proposed herein. Whole genome sequence analysis showed an average nucleotide identity value of 84.75% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 28.9% against P. coxii type strain. The strain displayed unique features among members of the genus Peptoniphilus, as it was able to hydrolyze aesculin, and produced acetate as the major metabolic end-product without associated production of butyrate. Growth was observed under microaerophilic conditions. From all these data, the isolate is confirmed as belonging to a new Peptoniphilus species, for which the name Peptoniphilus nemausensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1804121828 (=LMG 31466 = CECT 9935). A database survey using a highly polymorphic partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of P. nemausensis revealed P. nemausensis to be a particularly rare skin-associated species in humans. An emendated description of the Peptoniphilus genus is proposed based on a review of the characteristics of the 12 new species with validly published names since the genus description in 2001 and of P. nemausensis. Finally, the relationships between members of the genus Peptoniphilus were explored based on whole genome sequence analysis in order to clarify the taxonomic status of not yet validly published species showing that three pairs of species should be considered as synonyms: Peptoniphilus timonensis and 'Peptoniphilus phoceensis', Peptoniphilus lacydonensis and 'Peptoniphilus rhinitidis', Peptoniphilus tyrrelliae and Peptoniphilus senegalensis.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Firmicutes; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 34385044
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2021.126235 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jun 2021An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490 was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based...
An obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile, coccus-shaped bacterial strain designated AGMB00490 was isolated from swine faeces. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus and that the most closely related species is WAL 10418 (=KCTC 5947, 97.22 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Whole genome sequence analysis determined that the DNA G+C content of strain AGMB00490 was 31.2 mol% and moreover that the genome size and numbers of tRNA and rRNA genes were 2 129 517 bp, 34 and 10, respectively. Strain AGMB00490 was negative for oxidase and urease; positive for catalase, indole production, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase; and weakly positive for phenylalanine arylamidase and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of the isolate were determined to be C and C ω9. Strain AGMB00490 produced acetic acid as a major end product of metabolism. Accordingly, phylogenetic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic analyses revealed that strain AGMB00490 represents a novel species for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00490 (=KCTC 15944=NBRC 114159).
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Clostridiales; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Gram-Positive Cocci; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Swine
PubMed: 34125664
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004836 -
Archives of Microbiology Sep 2022
PubMed: 36166171
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03248-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury... (Review)
Review
Recently, interest in the microbiome of cutaneous diseases has increased tremendously. Of particular interest is the gut-brain-skin axis proposed by Stokes and Pillsbury in 1930. The microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa, however the link between the commensals and the host is yet to be established. Across all studies, the increased abundance of , and spp., and a loss of skin commensal species, such as in HS lesions, is a consistent finding. The role of gut and blood microbiome in hidradenitis suppurativa has not been fully elucidated. According to studies, the main link with the intestine is based on the increased risk of developing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, however, further research is highly needed in this area. Lifestyle, dietary approaches, and probiotics all seem to influence the microbiome, hence being a promising modality as adjuvant therapy. The aim of this review was to present the latest reports in the field of research on skin, blood, and gut microbiome in terms of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Microbiota; Skin
PubMed: 36232581
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911280 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2021Bacterial species and their role in delaying the healing of pressure ulcers (PU) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have not been well described. This pilot study...
Bacterial species and their role in delaying the healing of pressure ulcers (PU) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have not been well described. This pilot study aimed to characterise the evolution of the cutaneous microbiota of PU in SCI cohort. Twenty-four patients with SCI from a French neurological rehabilitation centre were prospectively included. PU tissue biopsies were performed at baseline (D0) and 28 days (D28) and analysed using 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 region. At D0, if the overall relative abundance of genus highlighted a large proportion of Staphylococcus, Anaerococcus and Finegoldia had a significantly higher relative abundance in wounds that stagnated or worsened in comparison with those improved at D28 (3.74% vs 0.05%; p = 0.015 and 11.02% versus 0.16%; p = 0.023, respectively). At D28, Proteus and Morganella genera were only present in stagnated or worsened wounds with respectively 0.02% (p = 0.003) and 0.01% (p = 0.02). Moreover, Proteus, Morganella, Anaerococcus and Peptoniphilus were associated within the same cluster, co-isolated from biopsies that had a poor evolution. This pathogroup could be a marker of wound degradation and Proteus could represent a promising target in PU management.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Pressure Ulcer; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34531517
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98073-x -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She...
A 39-year-old woman with a 3-year human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 infection history was admitted to the hospital for a 16-day history of vaginal bleeding after sex. She was diagnosed with cervical cancer based on the results of the electronic colposcopy, cervical cytology, microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then, she received chemotherapy, with paclitaxel 200 mg (day 1), cisplatin 75 mg (day 2), and bevacizumab 700 mg (day 3) twice with an interval of 27 days. During the examination for the diagnosis and treatment, many invasive operations, including removal of intrauterine device, colposcopy, and ureteral dilatation, were done. After that, the patient was discharged and entered the emergency department about 2.5 months later with a loss of consciousness probably caused by septic shock. The patient finally died of multiple organ failure and bacterial infection, although she has received antimicrobial therapy. The blood cultures showed a monobacterial infection with an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterial strain, designated as SAHP1. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) indicated that the patient was infected with , while molecular analysis and genome-based taxonomy confirmed the infection with a novel species that has a close genetic relationship with and proposed provisionally as sp. nov., which may also act as a commensal of the human vagina. Genomic features of SAHP1 have been fully described, and comparative genomic analysis reveals the known prokaryote relative of sp. nov. in the genus The invasive operations on the genital tract during the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and the tumor tissue damage and bleeding may have a certain role in the bloodstream infection. This study casts a new light on the bacteria and prompts clinicians to include anaerobic blood cultures as part of their blood culture procedures, especially on patients with genital tract tumors. Furthermore, due to the incomplete database and unsatisfying resolution of the MALDI-TOF MS for species identification, molecular identification, especially whole-genome sequencing, is required for those initially identified as bacteria belonging to in the clinical laboratory.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Blood Culture; Clostridiales; Female; Firmicutes; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 35880078
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.954355 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology May 2024To clarify the evolutionary relationships among Peptoniphilus species, whose members show association with increased risk for prostate cancer, detailed phylogenomic and...
Phylogenomic and molecular markers based studies on clarifying the evolutionary relationships among Peptoniphilus species. Identification of several Genus-Level clades of Peptoniphilus species and transfer of some Peptoniphilus species to the genus Aedoeadaptatus.
To clarify the evolutionary relationships among Peptoniphilus species, whose members show association with increased risk for prostate cancer, detailed phylogenomic and comparative analyses were conducted on their genome sequences. In phylogenetic trees based on core genome proteins and 16S rRNA gene sequences, Peptoniphilus species formed eight distinct clades, with Aedoeadaptatus and Anaerosphaera species branching between them. The observed clades designated as Peptoniphilus sensu stricto (encompassing its type species), Harei, Lacrimalis, Duerdenii, Mikwangii, Stercorisuis, Catoniae and Aedoeadaptatus, show genus level divergence based on 16S rRNA similarity and average amino acid identity (AAI). The Genome Taxonomy Database also assigns most of these clades to distinct taxa. Several Peptoniphilus species (viz. P. coxii, P. ivorii, P. nemausensis and some non-validly published species) grouped reliably with the type species of Aedoeadaptatus (A. acetigenes) and are affiliated to this genus based on 16S rRNA similarity, AAI, and multiple uniquely shared molecular signatures. Hence, we are proposing the transfer of these species into the emended genus Aedoeadaptatus. Our analyses on protein sequences from Peptoniphilus genomes have also identified 54 novel molecular markers consisting of conserved signature indels (CSIs), which are specific for different Peptoniphilus species clades and provide reliable means for their demarcation in molecular terms. Lastly, we also show that based on the shared presence of these CSIs in the genomes of uncharacterized Peptoniphilus spp. (cultured and uncultured), their affiliations to the specific Peptoniphilus clades can be accurately predicted. These results should prove useful in understanding the potential involvement of Peptoniphilus-related species in diseases.
Topics: Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Markers
PubMed: 38428338
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2024.126499 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are...
BACKGROUND
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Factors associated with progression of HPV infection to anal dysplasia and cancer are unclear and screening guidelines and approaches for anal dysplasia are less clear than for cervical dysplasia. One potential contributing factor is the anorectal microbiome. In this study, we aimed to identify differences in anal microbiome composition in the settings of HPV infection, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer in this rare disease.
METHODS
Patients were enrolled in two prospective studies. Patients with anal dysplasia were part of a cross-sectional cohort that enrolled women with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia. Anorectal tumor swabs were prospectively collected from patients with biopsy-confirmed locally advanced SCCA prior to receiving standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia without anal dysplasia were considered high-risk (HR Normal). 16S V4 rRNA Microbiome sequencing was performed for anal swabs. Alpha and Beta Diversity and composition were compared for HR Normal, anal dysplasia, and anal cancer.
RESULTS
60 patients with high-grade lower genital tract dysplasia were initially enrolled. Seven patients had concurrent anal dysplasia and 44 patients were considered HR Normal. Anorectal swabs from 21 patients with localized SCCA were included, sequenced, and analyzed in the study. Analysis of weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances demonstrated significant differences in microbial community composition between anal cancer and HR normal (p0.018). LEfSe identified that all three groups exhibited differential enrichment of specific taxa. (p=0.028), (p=0.0295) (p=0.034) (p=0.029) were enriched in anal cancer specimens when compared to HR normal.
CONCLUSION
Although alpha diversity was similar between HR Normal, dysplasia and cancer patients, composition differed significantly between the three groups. Increased anorectal , , and abundance were associated with anal cancer. These organisms have been reported in various gastrointestinal cancers with roles in facilitating the proinflammatory microenvironment and neoplasia progression. Future work should investigate a potential role of microbiome analysis in screening for anal dysplasia and investigation into potential mechanisms of how these microbial imbalances influence the immune system and anal carcinogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Prospective Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Microbiota; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37063829
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051431