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Heliyon Jan 2023This study aimed at investigating the characteristics and correlation between oral (tongue coating) and fecal microbiota in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed at investigating the characteristics and correlation between oral (tongue coating) and fecal microbiota in patients with diarrheal irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).
METHODS
Fifty-two IBS-D patients were chosen, with ten healthy volunteers serving as the normal control group. Tongue coating samples and fecal samples of subjects were sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V4-V5). Bioinformatics analysis was done on the test data to investigate oral and fecal microbiota composition characteristics in IBS-D patients.
RESULTS
The microbial richness of tongue coating in IBS-D group was lower than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The beta diversity of tongue coating microbiota and fecal microbiota was significantly different in the IBS-D group compared to the normal control group (P < 0.05). ( and ), , , , and were considerably high in number the tongue coating samples of the IBS-D group in comparison to the normal control group. Similarly, the fecal samples from the IBS-D group were significantly enriched in , ( and ), , , , and compared to the normal control group.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral and fecal microbiotas of IBS-D patients differ from those of the control group; hence studying IBS-D from the perspective of the oral-gut microbiome axis is an interesting research avenue.
PubMed: 36711269
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13114 -
Journal of Cancer 2022Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive tract tumor in China, and oral intaking habit has a great influence on the development of EC. The present study explored...
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive tract tumor in China, and oral intaking habit has a great influence on the development of EC. The present study explored the correlation between oral intaking habit and tongue coating (TC) microbiota in patients with esophageal precancerous lesions (EPL) to provide a reasonable interpretation of the influence of oral intaking habit on microbial alterations in the EPL. A case-control study was designed with 123 EPL patients and 176 volunteers with mild esophagitis, and they were well matched using sex, age, and body mass index. The TC microbiota was profiled using high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and the serum levels of total bile acid (TBA) and interleukin-17α (IL-17α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alpha diversity, community structure, and linear discriminant analysis were conducted, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to build the symbiotic network. No significant differences were observed in the diversity and richness of the TC microbiota between the cases and controls ( > 0.05). TC and were enriched in EPL patients. Stratified analysis showed that TC microbial composition was affected by both EPL and oral intaking habit; for example, and were positively related to oral intaking habit scores in both the cases and controls, while was negatively correlated with oral intaking habit status in cases but positively correlated with oral intaking habit status in controls. Although serum TBA and IL-17α were not associated with EPL ( > 0.05), the daily-drinking cases had a higher level of serum TBA than the nondrinking cases ( < 0.05), and (Hp) negative controls had a higher level of serum TBA than the Hp-positive controls ( < 0.05). The symbiotic networks were comprised of 71 significant correlations in the controls and 52 significant correlations in the cases. The development of EPL changed the TC microbiota and decreased the symbiotic complexity of the TC bacteria, which were also influenced by the cancer-related oral intaking habit. Bile acid may be a key factor mediating changes in TC microbiota.
PubMed: 35281875
DOI: 10.7150/jca.67068 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Microgravity influences are prevalent during orbital flight and can adversely affect astronaut physiology. Notably, it may affect the physicochemical properties of...
Microgravity influences are prevalent during orbital flight and can adversely affect astronaut physiology. Notably, it may affect the physicochemical properties of saliva and the salivary microbial community. Therefore, this study simulates microgravity in space using a ground-based -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) test to observe the effects of microgravity on oral salivary secretion function and the salivary microbiome. Sixteen healthy young male volunteers were recruited for the 15-day -6° HDBR test. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected on day 1 (pre-HDBR), on days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR, and day 6 of recovery. Salivary pH and salivary flow rate were measured, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and analyzed in 80 saliva samples. The results showed that there were no significant differences in salivary pH, salivary flow rate, and alpha diversity between any two time points. However, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between pre-HDBR and the other four time points. After HDBR, the relative abundances of , , , , , and increased significantly, whereas the relative abundances of and decreased significantly. However, the relative abundances of and did not recover to the pre-HDBR level on day 6 of recovery. Network analysis revealed that the number of relationships between genera decreased, and the positive and negative correlations between genera changed in a complex manner after HDBR and did not reach their original levels on day 6 of recovery. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that some gene functions of the salivary microbiome also changed after HDBR and remained significantly different from those before HDBR on day 6 of recovery. Collectively, 15 days of -6° HDBR had minimal effect on salivary secretion function but resulted in significant changes in the salivary microbiome, mainly manifested as an increase in oral disease-related bacteria and a decrease in oral health-related commensal bacteria. Further research is required to confirm these oral microbial changes and explore the underlying pathological mechanisms to determine the long-term effects on astronauts embarking on long-duration voyages to outer space.
PubMed: 36439790
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056637 -
Nature Medicine May 2024Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises...
Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises concerns regarding potential spurious associations. Here we study the fecal microbiota of 589 patients at different colorectal cancer (CRC) stages and compare observations with up to 15 published studies (4,439 patients and controls total). Using quantitative microbiome profiling based on 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing, combined with rigorous confounder control, we identified transit time, fecal calprotectin (intestinal inflammation) and body mass index as primary microbial covariates, superseding variance explained by CRC diagnostic groups. Well-established microbiome CRC targets, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, did not significantly associate with CRC diagnostic groups (healthy, adenoma and carcinoma) when controlling for these covariates. In contrast, the associations of Anaerococcus vaginalis, Dialister pneumosintes, Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Prevotella intermedia remained robust, highlighting their future target potential. Finally, control individuals (age 22-80 years, mean 57.7 years, standard deviation 11.3) meeting criteria for colonoscopy (for example, through a positive fecal immunochemical test) but without colonic lesions are enriched for the dysbiotic Bacteroides2 enterotype, emphasizing uncertainties in defining healthy controls in cancer microbiome research. Together, these results indicate the importance of quantitative microbiome profiling and covariate control for biomarker identification in CRC microbiome studies.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Feces; Female; Aged; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Microbiota; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
PubMed: 38689063
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02963-2 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2022Duodenal microbiota may have impact in Functional Dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to explore the difference of microbiota on duodenal mucosa between patients with...
Duodenal microbiota may have impact in Functional Dyspepsia. The aim of this study was to explore the difference of microbiota on duodenal mucosa between patients with Functional Dyspepsia and normal subjects. The duodenal mucosa of the subjects were collected under upper gastrointestinal endoscope and the contents of the descending duodenal intestine were extracted with cell brushes in 20 patients with Functional Dyspepsia and 5 healthy subjects. The microbiome on duodenal was studied by 16SrDNA gene sequencing. The differences of duodenal flora were analyzed and compared by LEfSe, FAPROTAX, SPSS and other software. There were significant differences in ACE index, shannon index and observedspecies index between patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy people (P < 0.05). PCoA analysis of the structure of bacteria between two groups found that the duodenal microbiome showed a separate trend. In further study, Amova analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). We found that the there are obvious differences in the composition of duodenal microbiome in functional dyspepsia and healthy people. At the genus level, there were significant differences in Alloprevotella, Peptostreptococcus,Sutterella, Corynebacteriurn,Catonella, Faecalibacterium,Staphylococcus,Eubacteriumnodatumgro-up, Lachnoclostridiurn and Lautropia between the two groups (P < 0.05). The prediction results of Microflora function from FAPROTAX showed that the urea decomposing (ureolysis) and fumaric acid respiratory (fumaraterespiration) function of duodenal bacteria in patients with functional dyspepsia were significantly different from those in healthy people (P < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a significant difference in mucosal microflora of duodenum between patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy groups. It includes greater microflora diversity, different microflora structure, different microflora composition, specific taxa and specific microbiome function. The disorder of duodenal microecology may be the formation mechanism of functional dyspepsia.
Topics: Duodenum; Dyspepsia; Gastritis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Microbiota
PubMed: 34883227
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105297 -
Food & Function Aug 2023Oral microbial dysbiosis is the primary etiologic factor for halitosis and may be the critical preventive target for halitosis. This study included randomized controlled... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral microbial dysbiosis is the primary etiologic factor for halitosis and may be the critical preventive target for halitosis. This study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of ET-22 live and heat-killed bacteria on halitosis and the related oral microbiome. 68 halitosis subjects were divided into placebo, ET-22 live (ET-22.L) and ET-22 heat-killed (ET-22.HK) groups. Subjects took different lozenges three times a day for 4 weeks and underwent saliva collection and assessment of breath volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels at the beginning and end of the intervention. Salivary volatile organic compounds were measured using HS-SPME-GC/MS, and the microbiome profile was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A positive decrease in breath volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels was observed in the means of both ET-22.L and ET-22.HK groups after 4 weeks of intervention, being more marked in the ET-22.L group ( = 0.0148). Moreover, ET-22.L and ET-22.HK intervention remarkably changed the composition of total salivary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aroma-active VOCs. Key undesirable VOCs, such as indole, pyridine, nonanoic acid, benzothiazole, and valeric acid, were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, ET-22.L or ET-22.HK also altered the taxonomic composition of the salivary microbiome. The halitosis pathogens and were significantly reduced in the ET-22.HK group and the pathogenic and were significantly inhibited in the ET-22.L group. Collectively, our study suggests that both ET-22.L and ET-22.HK can significantly inhibit the production of undesirable odor compounds in subjects with halitosis, which may be related to the changes of the oral microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Double-Blind Method; Halitosis; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Microbiota; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sulfur; Sulfur Compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 37493204
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02271d -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic indicators of odontogenic sinusitis other than computed tomography (CT) findings and the history of dental...
PURPOSE
The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic indicators of odontogenic sinusitis other than computed tomography (CT) findings and the history of dental treatment such as detected bacteria and symptoms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of 87 patients who underwent surgery for unilateral sinusitis between 2016 and 2020 (n = 87). Patients with cysts and fungal sinusitis were excluded from the study. We analyzed the relationship between the presence/absence of CT findings such as periapical lesions and oroantral fistulas; anaerobic bacteria; and symptoms in patients with unilateral sinusitis.
RESULTS
There was a significant correlation between the detection of anaerobes and CT findings. Peptostreptococcus sp., Prevotella sp., Streptococcus anginosus group, and Fusobacterium sp. were the most commonly isolated species. Detection of these anaerobic bacteria supports the diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis. Moreover, ODS often present with symptoms, such as a foul smell and facial pain.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that not only the presence of CT findings such as PAL and OAF, but the detection of anaerobic bacteria, and the presence of any symptoms may aid in the diagnosis of ODS.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Humans; Maxillary Sinusitis; Retrospective Studies; Sinusitis
PubMed: 35932691
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103544 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection susceptibility and severity. Here, we present the oropharyngeal microbiota characteristics identified by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing through the NANOPORE platform of oropharynx swab specimens from 10 mild COVID-19 patients and 10 healthy controls. Our results revealed a distinct oropharyngeal microbiota composition in mild COVID-19 patients, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as and and depletion of , , and . Based on the relative abundance of the oropharyngeal microbiota at the species level, we built a microbial classifier to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, in which , , and were identified as the most prominent signatures for their depletion in the COVID-19 group. Several members of the genus , especially and , which were highly enriched in COVID-19 patients with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and showed a significant correlation with disease status and several routine clinical blood indicators, indicate that several bacteria may transform into opportunistic pathogen in COVID-19 patients when facing the challenges of viral infection. We also found the diver taxa and in the network of disease patients, suggesting that these oropharynx microbiota alterations may impact COVID-19 severity by influencing the microbial association patterns. In conclusion, the low sample size of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients (n = 10) here makes these results tentative; however, we have provided the overall characterization that oropharyngeal microbiota alterations and microbial correlation patterns were associated with COVID-19 severity in Anhui Province.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Microbiota; Oropharynx; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35372134
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824578 -
International Endodontic Journal Feb 2023To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis.
AIM
To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis.
METHODOLOGY
Thirty-nine samples from patients with primary root canal infections obtained before root canal treatment, and 40 samples obtained during root-end resection procedures from previously filled cases with apical periodontitis were evaluated using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS). Demographic and clinical factors included age, sex, infection type, percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain. Differences in abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated using mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used to measure alpha diversity. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used to measure beta diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
Significantly fewer operational taxonomic units values were observed from samples from secondary infections (p < .0001). While no significant differences were observed in the Chao 1 index between primary and secondary infections, the Shannon alpha diversity was significantly lower in secondary relative to primary infections (p = .008). Among samples, sex, age (adult vs. older adult), percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain all showed no significant effects on community composition via an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). However, community composition was significantly different depending on whether the sample was from a primary or secondary infection (R = .051, p = .03). Nine microbial genera comprised the predominant taxa observed among samples (>3.3%) and included Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Arachnia, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Fretibacterirum, and Pseudoramibacter. Significantly greater relative abundances of Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Lactucaseibacillus, and Dialister were observed in primary infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary endodontic infections are more diverse than secondary infections. The microbial composition is not associated with the clinical manifestations of apical periodontitis.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Bacteria; Coinfection; Dental Pulp Cavity; Pain; Periapical Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36334085
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13864 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Jun 2021Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly... (Review)
Review
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly 100%. Recent studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the development of colorectal adenomas and the consequent progression to colorectal cancer. Some gut bacteria, such as , , , and enterotoxigenic could be implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms, including the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state, production of bioactive tumorigenic metabolites, and DNA damage. Studies using the adenomatous polyposis coli mouse model, which resembles FAP in most respects, have shown that specific changes in the intestinal microbial community could influence a multistep progression, the intestinal "adenoma-carcinoma sequence", which involves mucosal barrier injury, low-grade inflammation, activation of the Wnt pathway. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiota might represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with FAP. Administration of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could potentially prevent the progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in FAP. The aim of this review was to summarize the best available knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with FAP.
PubMed: 34163569
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.495