-
Nature Reviews. Cardiology Sep 2022Interest in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is growing rapidly, and research in this area appeals to a broad, multidisciplinary audience. EAT is unique in its anatomy... (Review)
Review
Interest in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is growing rapidly, and research in this area appeals to a broad, multidisciplinary audience. EAT is unique in its anatomy and unobstructed proximity to the heart and has a transcriptome and secretome very different from that of other fat depots. EAT has physiological and pathological properties that vary depending on its location. It can be highly protective for the adjacent myocardium through dynamic brown fat-like thermogenic function and harmful via paracrine or vasocrine secretion of pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. EAT is a modifiable risk factor that can be assessed with traditional and novel imaging techniques. Coronary and left atrial EAT are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation, respectively, and it also contributes to the development and progression of heart failure. In addition, EAT might have a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related cardiac syndrome. EAT is a reliable potential therapeutic target for drugs with cardiovascular benefits such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. This Review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of EAT in cardiovascular disease and highlights the translational nature of EAT research and its applications in contemporary cardiology.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Atrial Fibrillation; COVID-19; Cardiology; Humans; Pericardium
PubMed: 35296869
DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00679-9 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Mar 2020In 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the... (Review)
Review
In 2014, an extensive review discussing the major steps of cardiac development focusing on growth, formation of primary and chamber myocardium and the development of the cardiac electrical system, was published. Molecular genetic lineage analyses have since furthered our insight in the developmental origin of the various component parts of the heart, which currently can be unambiguously identified by their unique molecular phenotype. Moreover, genetic, molecular and cell biological analyses have driven insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of the different cardiac components. Here, we build on our previous review and provide an insight into the molecular mechanistic revelations that have forwarded the field of cardiac development. Despite the enormous advances in our knowledge over the last decade, the development of congenital cardiac malformations remains poorly understood. The challenge for the next decade will be to evaluate the different developmental processes using newly developed molecular genetic techniques to further unveil the gene regulatory networks operational during normal and abnormal cardiac development.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Regulatory Networks; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Valves; Humans; Pericardium; Phenotype
PubMed: 32048790
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31778 -
Journal of Cardiology Apr 2024Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a complex clinical syndrome in which an inflamed pericardium becomes fibrotic and non-compliant, ultimately reducing cardiac pump... (Review)
Review
Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a complex clinical syndrome in which an inflamed pericardium becomes fibrotic and non-compliant, ultimately reducing cardiac pump performance. Although we have known about CP for centuries, it remains a challenge to diagnose. Recent advances in cardiac imaging, along with an expanding armamentarium of treatment options, have improved the quality and precision of care for patients with CP. This article reviews important historical and contemporary perspectives on the pathophysiology of CP, as well as our approach to diagnosis and management.
Topics: Humans; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37714264
DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.09.003 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery May 2023
Topics: Humans; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Hematoma
PubMed: 36809670
DOI: 10.1111/ans.18288 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Feb 2020The epicardium, the outermost tissue layer that envelops all vertebrate hearts, plays a crucial role in cardiac development and regeneration and has been implicated in... (Review)
Review
The epicardium, the outermost tissue layer that envelops all vertebrate hearts, plays a crucial role in cardiac development and regeneration and has been implicated in potential strategies for cardiac repair. The heterogenous cell population that composes the epicardium originates primarily from a transient embryonic cell cluster known as the proepicardial organ (PE). Characterized by its high cellular plasticity, the epicardium contributes to both heart development and regeneration in two critical ways: as a source of progenitor cells and as a critical signaling hub. Despite this knowledge, there are many unanswered questions in the field of epicardial biology, the resolution of which will advance the understanding of cardiac development and repair. We review current knowledge in cross-species epicardial involvement, specifically in relation to lineage specification and differentiation during cardiac development.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Pericardium; Regeneration; Stem Cells
PubMed: 31451510
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037192 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Jan 2020
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Mitral Valve; Pericardium
PubMed: 31306627
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.06.017 -
Heart (British Cardiac Society) Aug 2022
Topics: Electrocardiography; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pericarditis; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium
PubMed: 35580979
DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-320728 -
Cardiology 2024
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Pericardium
PubMed: 38246145
DOI: 10.1159/000536356 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Apr 2021
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Calcinosis; Colon, Transverse; Drainage; Female; Hernia, Diaphragmatic; Humans; Middle Aged; Pericarditis, Constrictive; Pericardium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33793148
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm2028463 -
Herz Dec 2020At present, there is no accurate and effective method for treating neoplastic pericardial effusion. This study analyzed the current literature on the treatment of... (Review)
Review
At present, there is no accurate and effective method for treating neoplastic pericardial effusion. This study analyzed the current literature on the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion to provide advice and guidance for clinical treatment. Surgical treatments include pericardial puncture, extension of catheter drainage, pericardial window, and surgical pericardiotomy. Each surgical procedure has a corresponding indication, and the best treatment is selected according to the patient's specific conditions. Systemic chemotherapy is effective in lymphoma and small cell lung cancer that are sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs. Although pericardial injection of drugs is effective for pericardial tamponade and recurrent pericardial effusion, these methods can only temporarily relieve symptoms and cannot prolong the life of patients. In recent years, immunotherapy, especially adoptive immunotherapy, has achieved good results in the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion, thus providing a novel treatment option for neoplastic pericardial effusion.
Topics: Cardiac Tamponade; Disease; Drainage; Humans; Neoplasms; Pericardial Effusion; Pericardium
PubMed: 31297544
DOI: 10.1007/s00059-019-4833-4