-
Cureus May 2023Histiocytes are cells that are involved in the immune responses of the body. They are unable to properly break down the bacterial material in malakoplakia, a chronic...
Histiocytes are cells that are involved in the immune responses of the body. They are unable to properly break down the bacterial material in malakoplakia, a chronic granulomatous histiocytic disease that occurs in immunocompromised patients and autoimmune conditions. Very few reports of these lesions exist, as those that occur in the gallbladder. It typically affects the urinary bladder, alimentary tract, cutaneous, hepato-biliary, and male and female genital systems. These lesions are usually incidental findings that result in patients being misdiagnosed. A 70-year-old female presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, and malakoplakia of the gallbladder was diagnosed. Histopathology findings revealed malakoplakia of the gallbladder, and the same was confirmed with special stains such as periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). This case highlights the role of gross and histopathology findings as a clue to the diagnosis, which helps the surgeon with further management.
PubMed: 37313104
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38912 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Jan 2021Neoplasia is rarely reported in decapod crustaceans, and sarcoma has not been previously reported in any crab species. A California king crab Paralithodes californiensis...
Neoplasia is rarely reported in decapod crustaceans, and sarcoma has not been previously reported in any crab species. A California king crab Paralithodes californiensis with a recent history of autotomy (4 legs lost) and anorexia was found dead. Grossly, the crab had a pigmented ulcer on the right cheliped merus. Necropsy tissue samples were placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed routinely for histology. Both histochemical (i.e. Brown and Brenn Gram, Fite-Faraco acid fast, Fontana-Masson, Giemsa, hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff [PAS], phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin, and von Kossa) and immunohistochemical (i.e. cytokeratin, vimentin, and lysozyme) stains were performed. The body wall (presumably of the right cheliped merus) was ulcerated and subtended by a densely cellular, unencapsulated, invasive neoplasm composed of spindle cells arranged in intersecting streams and bundles embedded in a small to moderate amount of fibromatous stroma. Neoplastic cells were oval to elongate with fibrillar, pale eosinophilic cytoplasm that occasionally contained moderate numbers of small, spherical, brightly eosinophilic granules that were highlighted with PAS and Giemsa stains. Neoplastic cells had mild atypia and no evident mitoses. Immunohistochemical stains were noncontributory. This neoplasm is consistent with hemocytic sarcoma of semi-granulocytic origin. Decapod crustaceans have 3 types of hemocytes: hyalinocytes, granulocytes, and semi-granulocytes. Neoplastic cells had PAS- and Giemsa-positive granules, which are present in both semi-granulocytes and granulocytes. Semi-granulocytes can elongate and are associated with deposition of extracellular matrix during some immune responses. Neoplastic cells were elongate and associated with deposition of matrix. These findings suggest neoplastic cells were of semi-granulocytic origin.
Topics: Animals; Anomura; Brachyura; California; Hemocytes; Sarcoma
PubMed: 33506811
DOI: 10.3354/dao03551 -
Inorganic Chemistry Mar 2021In this work, we demonstrate the fundamental relationships between stability constants and periodic, acid-base, and structural parameters for complexes of some...
In this work, we demonstrate the fundamental relationships between stability constants and periodic, acid-base, and structural parameters for complexes of some 1,3-diketones. The four analogues of hexafluoroacetylacetone-2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, 2-furoyltrifluoroacetone, benzoyltrifluoroacetone, and 2-naphthyltrifluoroacetone-have been studied as chelating ligands for 16 rare-earth metals (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in aqueous solutions. Systems have been investigated spectrophotometrically using a multiwave nonlinear least-squares regression algorithm for data processing. Conditional stability constants were obtained for a wide pH region (2.0-5.4) at constant ionic strength ( = 0.5 M, NaCl). To receive the apparent ("true") equilibrium parameters, acid-base and keto-enol characteristics of the studied ligands have been described and revised for specific conditions. Dissociation constants were obtained in citrate-phosphate buffer media and protonation parameters were received in concentrated hydrochloric acid by the Cox-Yates method. The apparent formation constants for monocomplex species were obtained as thermodynamic invariants (depend only on the temperature) for each ligand and lie from 4.2 to 12.7 logarithmic units. Although the studied ligands have similar values of p, the stabilities of their complexes vary considerably. Systematic analysis of 64 apparent stability constants demonstrates that the force of interaction between the metals and nonsymmetric β-diketones increases as 2-furoyltrifluoroacetone < 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone < benzoyltrifluoroacetone < 2-naphthyltrifluoroacetone. The studied ligands display varying degrees of the correlation between the periodic parameters and formation constants. Naphthyltrifluoroacetone and its complexes with heavy lanthanides exhibit a clear trend in properties with increasing ionic potential. In general, the received set of data can be described from purely electrostatic grounds within the framework of the periodic law. Spectral, keto-enol, acid-base, and complexing properties were reproduced using density functional theory modeling and explain some of the regularities discovered.
PubMed: 33570922
DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03717 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2021A 9-y-old, spayed female rabbit was presented for evaluation of hypoglycemia and lateral recumbency. The patient was hypothermic and had diffuse muscle wasting; weight...
A 9-y-old, spayed female rabbit was presented for evaluation of hypoglycemia and lateral recumbency. The patient was hypothermic and had diffuse muscle wasting; weight loss since a previous visit was also noted. Hematologic abnormalities included progressive nonregenerative anemia and severe heteropenia. Evaluation of a bone marrow aspirate sample revealed active hematopoiesis with abundant pink matrix. The matrix material stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff and alcian blue, and a diagnosis of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow (GTBM, serous atrophy of fat) was made. Although its precise prevalence remains to be determined, GTBM should be suspected in rabbits with persistent cytopenias following prolonged starvation or gastrointestinal disease.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Female; Gelatin; Rabbits; Starvation
PubMed: 34250866
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211029916 -
Cureus Nov 2022Introduction Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the most common and important contributing factor for cholecystectomy across the country, with a prevalence of 2-29%....
Quantitative Analysis of Mucin Expression Using Combined Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) Stain and Combined High Iron Diamine-Alcian Blue (HID-AB) Stain and the Correlation With Histomorphological Score in Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis.
Introduction Chronic calculous cholecystitis is the most common and important contributing factor for cholecystectomy across the country, with a prevalence of 2-29%. Cholesterol supersaturated bile plays a major role in stone formation. It is very essential to identify the pathogenesis of stone formation in order to prevent its formation. This study is aimed to evaluate histomorphological features of chronic calculous cholecystitis and to quantitatively evaluate alteration in mucin expression using the combined Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) stain and the combined high iron diamine Alcian blue (HID-AB) stain, to correlate with each other and also with biochemical features of gall stones. Methods A cross-sectional study of 64 chronic calculous cholecystitis were taken for histomorphological assessment and grading using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and Masson's trichrome stains. Expression of the type of mucins was analyzed using histochemical stains by a standardized scoring system. Results A significant positive correlation was observed between an increase in grades of inflammation and fibrosis with an increase in the quantity of sialomucin and neutral mucin in the deep layers of epithelium, and a significant negative correlation was observed between an increase in grades with a decrease in acidic mucin and sulfomucin of both superficial and deep epithelium except sulfomucin in fibrosis. No significant correlation was obtained with muscle thickness, adipose tissue deposition, and epithelial hyperplasia. A higher frequency of mixed-type stones was associated with severe inflammation. Conclusion Inflammation and fibrosis were strongly correlated with quantitative alteration and reversal of mucin composition in chronic cholecystitis; hence we conclude that these features play a significant role in the pathogenesis of stone formation. Using Combined AB(2.5pH)-PAS stain and Combined HID-AB(2.5 pH) stain to detect mucin hypersecretion and composition of altered mucin is relatively accurate and cost-effective rather than performing costly immunohistochemical (IHC) markers.
PubMed: 36600870
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32033 -
Veterinary Pathology Sep 2019A neurological disease was investigated in 3 German Shepherd pups from the same litter that failed to grow normally, appeared stiff, were reluctant to move, and were...
A neurological disease was investigated in 3 German Shepherd pups from the same litter that failed to grow normally, appeared stiff, were reluctant to move, and were deaf. They developed intermittent seizures and ataxia and had proprioceptive defects. Histopathology showed severe vacuolation of neurons, astrocytes in nervous tissue, renal tubular epithelial cells, and macrophages in nervous tissue, spleen, and liver. Vacuoles appeared empty with no storage material stained by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) or Sudan black stains, leading to a diagnosis of a lysosomal storage disease and in particular an oligosaccharidosis. Biochemical and genomic studies showed that this was β-mannosidosis, not previously diagnosed in dogs. A c.560T>A transition in exon 4 of the gene was found, which segregated in these and other family members in a manner consistent with it being the causative mutation of an autosomal recessive disease. This mutation led to substitution of isoleucine to asparagine at position 187 of the 885 amino acid enzyme, a change expected to have functional significance.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrum; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotyping Techniques; Male; Mannosidases; Mutation, Missense; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Mannosidosis
PubMed: 30983534
DOI: 10.1177/0300985819839239 -
The Malaysian Journal of Medical... Oct 2020This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting () in gastric mucosal biopsies in...
Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies.
BACKGROUND
This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting () in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of in such biopsies.
METHODS
The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of , and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability.
RESULTS
The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in detection.
CONCLUSION
Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect infection is not recommended.
PubMed: 33154702
DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.6 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Apr 2021Reactive angiogenesis is commonplace, occurs in many circumstances, and is important in the repair of injured tissue. Histologically, it is characterized by newly formed...
Reactive angiogenesis is commonplace, occurs in many circumstances, and is important in the repair of injured tissue. Histologically, it is characterized by newly formed capillaries arranged in a lobular architecture and lined by plump endothelial cells. We have encountered a form of reactive angiogenesis not well described; composed of large endothelial cells with abundant clear cytoplasm that causes diagnostic challenges. The cohort includes 10 patients, aged 4 to 61, mean 40 years; 7 males, 3 females. One case involved bone (ilium), and 9 involved soft tissue: fingers (n=2), toes (n=2), hip joint (n=1), shoulder (n=1), thigh (n=2), and anal mucosa (n=1). Clinically, the patients had chronic ulcers, osteomyelitis, or localized infection. All cases exhibited a lobular proliferation of capillaries lined by large polyhedral endothelial cells that obscured the vessel lumens and were admixed with acute and chronic inflammation. The endothelial nuclei were vesicular with small nucleoli and the cytoplasm was abundant and clear or palely eosinophilic. The endothelial cells were stained with CD31 and ERG (7/7 cases), CD34 (6/6), FLI1 (4/4), and were negative for keratin and CD68 (6/6). Periodic acid-Schiff stain and periodic acid-Schiff stain-diastase on 3 cases did not demonstrate glycogen. Using a polymerase chain reaction, no Bartonella henselae was found in all 6 cases tested. Reactive angiogenesis with clear cell change unassociated with Bartonella spp. has not been described. It causes diagnostic challenges and the differential diagnosis includes benign and malignant tumors, as well as unusual infections. It is important to distinguish between these possibilities because of the significant impact on treatment and prognosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Angiomatosis; Biomarkers; Capillaries; Cell Proliferation; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Endothelial Cells; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Predictive Value of Tests; Staining and Labeling; Young Adult
PubMed: 33002917
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001595 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Aug 2022Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) has been associated with several conditions including morphea, linear scleroderma, and burns. It is yet to be reported in lichen...
Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) has been associated with several conditions including morphea, linear scleroderma, and burns. It is yet to be reported in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA). We describe a bullous LSA plaque on the forearm of a woman with pre-existing genital LSA and vitiligo. Besides the histopathological findings of bullous LSA, numerous small irregular squamoid structures were present in the mid and upper dermis always above the normal eccrine glands. The histopathology, periodic acid-Schiff stain, and positive immunostains for P63, low molecular weight keratins 8&18, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen supported the diagnosis of ESS. The pathogenesis of ESS in LSA may be related to ischemia, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus; Metaplasia; Scleroderma, Localized; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 35642980
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000002226 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2019Tissue eosinophilia may be caused due to reactive, neoplastic or idiopathic reasons. Reactive eosinophils in allergic and inflammatory conditions are transient and...
BACKGROUND
Tissue eosinophilia may be caused due to reactive, neoplastic or idiopathic reasons. Reactive eosinophils in allergic and inflammatory conditions are transient and recruited from the circulation in response to various stimuli, whereas neoplastic eosinophils of leukemias and hematological malignancies are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The differentiation of reactive from neoplastic eosinophils has a serious implication on the treatment and prognosis of diseases. However, both these types of eosinophils display variation in morphology and staining characteristics in routine histopathology leading to a diagnostic dilemma.
AIM
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of special stains for the demonstration of eosinophils in normal/reactive lesions and leukemias.
METHODOLOGY
A retrospective study comprising twenty histologically diagnosed cases each of reactive oral lesions and leukemias were obtained from institutional archives. These tissue sections were subjected to staining with routine and special stains - Carbol chromotrope, Congo red, Leishman's stain, Periodic Acid-Schiff-papanicolaou (PAS-PAP) and PAS. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi-square test to compare the various parameters in the evaluation of the staining efficacy.
RESULTS
Carbol chromotrope and Congo red staining showed increased staining efficacy in normal/reactive eosinophils while PAS-PAP followed by PAS and Leishman's stain showed enhanced features such as homogenicity, specificity, increased staining intensity, enhanced nuclear and cytoplasmic details in leukemic eosinophils.
CONCLUSION
Combined PAS-PAP is a novel and cost-effective staining technique in differentiating reactive and leukemic eosinophils. It is significant in recognizing leukemic eosinophils of routine biopsies and alerts the clinician to rule out any underlying malignancies.
PubMed: 31942140
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_8_19