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Annals of Plastic Surgery Oct 2022
Letter to the Editor re "Complete Foot Drop With Normal Electrodiagnostic Studies: Sunderland 'Zero' Ischemic Conduction Block of the Common Peroneal Nerve" by Peters and Colleagues.
Topics: Humans; Neural Conduction; Peroneal Nerve; Peroneal Neuropathies
PubMed: 35703254
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003245 -
Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics 2023Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1 (ATLD1, OMIM # 604391) is a very rare clinical condition, characterized by slowly progressive ataxia with onset in childhood,...
Ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1 (ATLD1, OMIM # 604391) is a very rare clinical condition, characterized by slowly progressive ataxia with onset in childhood, associated with oculomotor apraxia and dysarthria. Laboratory findings reveal increased susceptibility to radiation, with a defect in DNA repair. Patients with ATLD1 show no telangiectasia, have no immunodeficiency, and also have preserved cognition. Reflexes might be initially brisk and later becomes reduced associated with axonal sensorimotor neuropathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects cerebellar atrophy. The condition is caused by mutations in the meiotic recombination 11 ( gene. The present study reports on the neurophysiologic finding in eight Saudi patients, belonging to three Saudi families, who have genetically confirmed ATLD1. All investigated patients had cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI (5/5). Electrophysiologic studies showed normal motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the median (8/8) and tibial (2/2) nerves, while 5/6 (83%) had normal peroneal nerve MCV. The distal motor latency (DML) for median, tibial, and peroneal nerves was within the normal range in all examined patients. The amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of median and tibial nerves was also normal, while that of the peroneal nerve was normal in 3/6 (50%). Two of seven (29%) patients had reduced amplitude of median nerve sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) while 3/8 (38%) had a reduction in the amplitude of sural nerve SNAP. These findings favour an axonal type of neuropathy predominately affecting the sensory fibres (axonal sensorimotor neuropathy). The present study constitutes the largest cohort of ATLD1 patients worldwide who had electrophysiologic tests.
PubMed: 38380400
DOI: 10.24911/SJP.106-1703054783 -
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience :... Aug 2020Different mechanisms including knee dislocation, replacement surgery, nerve tumor, lumbar disc herniation, sharp injury, and gunshot wound lead to foot drop. Several...
Different mechanisms including knee dislocation, replacement surgery, nerve tumor, lumbar disc herniation, sharp injury, and gunshot wound lead to foot drop. Several surgical techniques have been used for treatment of foot drop, however, they have had sub-optimal outcomes. Soleus branch of tibial nerve is a good donor for nerve transfer for treatment of foot drop. In this is retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of 6 consecutive patients with sustained foot drop following injury to lumbar root or peroneal nerve, who underwent transfer of the soleus branch of tibial nerve to deep peroneal nerve during 2014-2016. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years and duration of injury to surgery and follow-up was 8.3 and 14.6 months, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, ankle dorsiflexion force was M4 in two patients (with traumatic peroneal nerve injury with M3 toe extension) and was M2 in one patient. There were three patients with lumbar degenerative disease. Of these patients, two showed M0 and one patient experienced M1 ankle dorsiflexion. We recommend that transfer of soleus nerve to deep peroneal nerve is used as an alternative technique for treatment of foot drop.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Transfer; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peroneal Nerve; Peroneal Neuropathies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32336637
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.086 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2022Closed injuries to the peroneal nerve recover spontaneously in about a third of patients, but surgery may be needed in the remaining 2/3. The recovery after surgery is...
Closed injuries to the peroneal nerve recover spontaneously in about a third of patients, but surgery may be needed in the remaining 2/3. The recovery after surgery is not always satisfactory and the patients may need an orthosis or a walking aid to cope with regular daily activities. This study aimed to evaluate the useful functional recovery and quality of life (QoL) in surgically treated patients with peroneal nerve (PN) injuries. The study involved 51 patients who have undergone surgical treatment due to PN injury in our department, within a 15-year period (2006-2020). Thirty patients (59%) were treated with neurolysis, 12 (23%) with nerve repair techniques, and 9 (18%) with tendon transfer (TT). Neurolysis is employed in the least extensive nerve injuries when nerve continuity is preserved and yields a motor recovery ratio of almost 80%. Nerve repairs were followed by 58.33% of patients achieving M3+ recovery, while 41.66% recovered to the useful functional state (M4 or M5) With the use of TTs, all patients recovered to the M3+, while 66.7% recovered to M4. All our results correspond to the results of previous studies. No statistically significant differences were found regarding the QoL of the groups. There is an apparent advantage of neurolysis, over nerve repair, over TT procedure, both in terms of useful functional recovery, and foot-drop-related QoL. However, when involving all aspects of QoL, these advantages diminish. The individual approach leads to optimal results in all groups of patients.
PubMed: 36451682
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1005483 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Aug 2022Delayed autologous nerve graft reconstruction is inevitable in devastating injuries. Delayed or prolonged repair time has deleterious effects on nerve grafts. We aimed...
BACKGROUND
Delayed autologous nerve graft reconstruction is inevitable in devastating injuries. Delayed or prolonged repair time has deleterious effects on nerve grafts. We aimed improving and accelerating nerve graft reconstruction process in a rat long nerve defect model with loop nerve graft prefabrication particularly to utilize for injuries with tissue loss.
METHODS
Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into three groups. 1.5 cm long peroneal nerve segment was excised, reversed in orientation, and used as autologous nerve graft. In conventional interpositional nerve graft group (Group 1), nerve defects were repaired in single-stage. In loop nerve graft prefabrication group (Group 2), grafts were sutured end-to-end (ETE) to the proximal peroneal nerve stumps. Distal ends of the grafts were sutured end-to-side to the peroneal nerve stumps 5 mm proximal to the ETE repair sites in first stage. In second stage, distal ends of the prefabricated grafts were transposed and sutured to distal nerve stumps. In staged conventional interpositional nerve graft group (Group 3), grafts were sutured ETE to proximal peroneal nerve stumps in first stage. Distal ends of the grafts and nerve stumps were tacked to the surrounding muscles until the final repair in second stage. Follow-up period was 4 weeks for each stage in Groups 2 and 3, and 8 weeks for Group 1. Peroneal function index (PFI), electrophysiology, and histological assessments were conducted after 8 weeks. P<0.05 was considered significant for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
PFI results of Group 1 (-22.75±5.76) and 2 (-22.08±6) did not show statistical difference (p>0.05). Group 3 (-33.64±6.4) had a statistical difference compared to other groups (p<0.05). Electrophysiology results of Group 1 (16.19±2.15 mV/1.16±0.21 ms) and 2 (15.95±2.82 mV/1.17±0.16 ms) did not present statistical difference (p>0.05), whereas both groups had a statistical difference compared to Group 3 (10.44±1.96 mV/1.51±0.15 ms) (p<0.05). Axon counts of Group 1 (2227±260.4) and 3 (2194±201.1) did not have statistical difference (p>0.05), whereas both groups had significantly poor axon counts compared to Group 2 (2531±91.18) (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Loop nerve graft prefabrication improved axonal regeneration without delay. Loop prefabrication can accelerate prolonged regeneration time for the injuries indicating a delayed nerve reconstruction. Higher axon counts derived with loop nerve prefabrication may even foster its investigation in immediate long nerve defect reconstructions in further studies.
Topics: Animals; Nerve Regeneration; Neurosurgical Procedures; Peripheral Nerves; Peroneal Nerve; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve
PubMed: 35920436
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2022.68353 -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Oct 2023During invasive procedures involving needles, there is a chance of damage to peripheral nerves. Therefore, a method for experimentally simulating these situations is...
BACKGROUND
During invasive procedures involving needles, there is a chance of damage to peripheral nerves. Therefore, a method for experimentally simulating these situations is needed.
OBJECTIVES
In this study we aimed to evaluate peripheral nerve lesions caused by the entry and exit of an injection needle, nerve transfixion through a suture stitch, and the injection of saline solution and lidocaine into the nerve.
METHODS
After obtaining approval from the Animal Ethics Committee, we randomly divided 36 Wistar rats, weighing approximately 250 g each, into 6 groups (control, sham, suture, needle, saline, and lidocaine groups), with 6 animals in each group. All procedures were performed on the left paws of the rats. After the procedure, walking track analysis was performed to assess the walking function of rats for 8 weeks. Four months after the procedures, we performed bilateral electrophysiological studies (measuring the latency and amplitude of the electrical impulse in the peroneal nerve). Subsequently, the rats were euthanized, and bilateral tissue samples were collected from the peroneal nerve and tibialis cranialis muscle for morphometric histological analysis.
RESULTS
In the walking track analysis, all groups showed normalization of walking functionality after 13 days. There was little histological change between the groups, and no functional loss related to the procedures was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Procedures involving the infusion of local anesthetic or saline solution, or suture needles, are safe with regard to peripheral nerve function loss. Accidents tend not to cause nerve impairment.
PubMed: 37606256
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad267 -
Neurologic Clinics Nov 2021This article addresses common mononeuropathies seen in the electrodiagnostic laboratory. The most common mononeuropathies-median neuropathy at the wrist (carpal tunnel... (Review)
Review
This article addresses common mononeuropathies seen in the electrodiagnostic laboratory. The most common mononeuropathies-median neuropathy at the wrist (carpal tunnel syndrome), ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and fibular (peroneal) neuropathy at the fibular head-are reviewed. The causes, clinical presentations, approached to the electrodiagnostic studies (including nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography), and the typical findings are discussed.
Topics: Electrodiagnosis; Electromyography; Humans; Mononeuropathies; Neural Conduction; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 34602220
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.06.004 -
Tissue Engineering. Part A Mar 2021Severe peripheral nerve injuries have devastating consequences on the quality of life in affected patients, and they represent a significant unmet medical need....
Severe peripheral nerve injuries have devastating consequences on the quality of life in affected patients, and they represent a significant unmet medical need. Destruction of nerve fibers results in denervation of targeted muscles, which, subsequently, undergo progressive atrophy and loss of function. Timely restoration of neural innervation to muscle fibers is crucial to the preservation of muscle homeostasis and function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of addition of adipose stem cells (ASCs) to polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit guides on peripheral nerve repair and functional muscle recovery in the setting of a critical size nerve defect. To this end, peripheral nerve injury was created by surgically ablating 6 mm of the common peroneal nerve in a rat model. A PCL nerve guide, filled with ASCs and/or poloxamer hydrogel, was sutured to the nerve ends. Negative and positive controls included nerve ablation only (no repair), and reversed polarity autograft nerve implant, respectively. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle function was assessed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinjury, and nerve and muscle tissue was retrieved at the 12-week terminal time point. Inclusion of ASCs in the PCL nerve guide elicited statistically significant time-dependent increases in functional recovery (contraction) after denervation; ∼25% higher than observed in acellular (poloxamer-filled) implants and indistinguishable from autograft implants, respectively, at 12 weeks postinjury ( < 0.05, = 7-8 in each group). Analysis of single muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) revealed that ASC-based treatment of nerve injury provided a better recapitulation of the overall distribution of muscle fiber CSAs observed in the contralateral TA muscle of uninjured limbs. In addition, the presence of ASCs was associated with improved features of re-innervation distal to the defect, with respect to neurofilament and S100 (Schwann cell marker) expression. In conclusion, these initial studies indicate significant benefits of inclusion of ASCs to the rate and magnitude of both peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery of muscle contraction, to levels equivalent to autograft implantation. These findings have important implications to improved nerve repair, and they provide input for future work directed to restoration of nerve and muscle function after polytraumatic injury. Impact Statement This works explores the application of adipose stem cells (ASCs) for peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat model. Herein, we demonstrate that the addition of ASCs in poloxamer-filled PCL nerve guide conduits impacts nerve regeneration and recovery of muscle function, to levels equivalent to autograft implantation, which is considered to be the current gold standard treatment. This study builds on the importance of a timely restoration of innervation to muscle fibers for preservation of muscle homeostasis, and it will provide input for future work aiming at restoring nerve and muscle function after polytraumatic injury.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Nerve Regeneration; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Peroneal Nerve; Quality of Life; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Stem Cells
PubMed: 30760135
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2018.0244 -
Surgical Neurology International 2022Most peroneal nerve injuries resulting in foot drop are secondary to trauma or iatrogenic. Foot drop can occur due to potential complications from the hip, lumbosacral...
BACKGROUND
Most peroneal nerve injuries resulting in foot drop are secondary to trauma or iatrogenic. Foot drop can occur due to potential complications from the hip, lumbosacral spine, and knee surgeries, which are critical to diagnose and manage.
METHODS
We reviewed our foot drop patients' data to determine the incidence and iatrogenic causes of the injury and managed surgically by neurolysis of the peroneal nerve and transfer of functional fascicles of either the superficial peroneal or the tibial nerve to the deep peroneal nerve.
RESULTS
We found 28 iatrogenic foot drop patients who have had surgery and postoperative follow-up evaluations with us. Before the onset of foot drop, all except one (27 of 28) patient have had surgeries in other clinics before presenting to our institution. Foot drop in one patient was due to infection and hip wound after he was intubated and stayed in ICU for 4 weeks. Thirteen of the 28 patients have had lumbosacral (L3-4, L4-L5, and L5-S1) fusion or laminectomy, eight have had hip surgery, and five have had knee surgery. One patient had a fasciotomy due to compartment syndrome and another patient had two previous surgeries for posterior tibial entrapment and tarsal tunnel syndrome at other institutions. NCS and EMG reports showed that these patients had injuries to the peroneal or tibial nerve after their prior surgeries. One patient had a femoral nerve injury. Preoperatively, 10 patients had severe foot drop with muscle weakness and a functional grade of 0/5; 16 patients had grades ranging from 1 to 2/5; and two patients had 3/5. Overall, 23 of the 28 patients (83%) had improvement in their ankle dorsiflexion with anti-gravity and regained a healthier gait after the decompression, neurolysis, and nerve transfer at our clinic.
CONCLUSION
Twenty-three of the 28 (83%) iatrogenic foot drop patients in this report regained a healthier gait with improved ankle dorsiflexion and anti-gravity after the neurolysis, and nerve transfer of the peroneal or tibial nerve and transfer of functional fascicles of either the superficial peroneal or the tibial nerve to the deep peroneal nerve at our clinic.
PubMed: 35855127
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_146_2022 -
Foot & Ankle International Mar 2023The deep peroneal nerve (DPN) plays a role in afferent nociceptive dorsal midfoot joint pain perception. DPN neurectomy for treatment of symptomatic dorsal midfoot...
BACKGROUND
The deep peroneal nerve (DPN) plays a role in afferent nociceptive dorsal midfoot joint pain perception. DPN neurectomy for treatment of symptomatic dorsal midfoot osteoarthritis allows early mobilization and weightbearing. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the patient satisfaction and pain relief after DPN neurectomy for treatment of chronic dorsal midfoot pain due to osteoarthritis.
METHODS
In this retrospective, IRB-approved, questionnaire-based study, we evaluated 48 patients (55 feet) with an average follow-up of 35.1 (range, 16-51) months who underwent DPN neurectomy at our institution between September 2017 and February 2021. There were 38 women and 10 men, 41 unilateral (22 right, 19 left) and 7 bilateral procedures, with an average age of 67.8 (range, 35-88) years at the time of surgery. A questionnaire that included questions regarding postsurgical dorsal midfoot pain relief, surgical result satisfaction, and current functional limitations was administered via telephone. Demographic information, patient responses, and complications were recorded.
RESULTS
Of the 48 patients, 80.8% were satisfied with the result of the surgery in relieving their dorsal midfoot pain, 84.6% would repeat the surgery under the same circumstances, 83.8% would recommend the surgery to a friend, 10.4% reported they wish they had undergone arthrodesis, 91.7% reported pain relief in the first 6 months, and 55.6% reported current activity limitations. Six feet (10.9%) underwent a second procedure with an average postoperative time of 20.5 (range, 1-36) months. Complications included 1 hematoma and deep wound infection, 1 DPN neuroma and superficial peroneal nerve entrapment, and 4 patients with inadequate pain relief.
CONCLUSION
In this cohort, DPN neurectomy appeared to be a reasonable surgical alternative to arthrodesis for the management of chronic dorsal midfoot pain due to midfoot osteoarthritis after failed nonoperative management.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IV, retrospective case series.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Retrospective Studies; Peroneal Nerve; Denervation; Osteoarthritis; Chronic Pain; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 36744743
DOI: 10.1177/10711007221149028