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Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Jun 2020The majority of lung transplants (LT) performed are in developed countries. In contrast, little is known about the status of LT in developing nations. The objective is... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The majority of lung transplants (LT) performed are in developed countries. In contrast, little is known about the status of LT in developing nations. The objective is to summarize the challenges, present solutions, and review outcomes of LT in developing countries. We hope this review will guide healthcare providers in such countries that are contemplating embarking on this journey.
RECENT FINDINGS
The key challenges that programs in developing countries encountered included shortage and marginal quality of donated organs, lack of dedicated multi-disciplinary LT team, limited availability of advanced technology and high risk of post-transplant infections. Education and collaboration among government, public, and healthcare sectors was seen as fundamental to building and maintaining a successful program. Despite minimal resources and huge challenges, LT survival rates in developing countries improved and were comparable with outcomes reported by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) Registry.
SUMMARY
Starting a new LT program is a daunting task that is complex and resource intensive, especially in developing countries. Improving outcomes indeed provide impetus to continue to persevere in this endeavor with support from all sectors. The findings presented here could help new programs to better anticipate and tackle challenges.
Topics: Developing Countries; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Registries
PubMed: 32332198
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000766 -
International Journal of Nursing... Jan 2020
PubMed: 32099852
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.12.013 -
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2021Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a large-scale network disease resulting in variable signs and symptoms including gait impairment and higher order cognitive...
CONTEXT
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a large-scale network disease resulting in variable signs and symptoms including gait impairment and higher order cognitive dysfunction. Despite few studies showing the association of falls and cognitive dysfunction, the existing literature is yet to establish the exact relationship of discrete characteristics of gait with cognitive function in PSP.
AIMS
In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to characterize and explore the relationship of these two apparently distinct physiological phenomena in patients with PSP and across its different variants.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Quantitative assessment of two-dimensional gait parameters was measured using an electronic walkway (GAITRite®). Dementia Rating Scale-2 was used to assess global as well as higher order cognitive functions.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A regression model was used to interpret results.
RESULTS
We observed that the variability domain of gait was significantly impaired in PSP patients with severe cognitive impairment compared to that of intact cognition. Moreover, initiation/perseveration (I/P), a higher order cognitive process, and one of its specific components, i.e., complex verbal task (β = 2.39, < 0.001), significantly predict gait velocity in PSP [ (1, 40) = 16.102, < 0.001].
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that the severity of cognitive functions affects gait variability, which might lead to frequent falls as observed in PSP. Furthermore, semantic fluency task of I/P function may act as a predictor of gait velocity. We suspect that higher order cognitive dysfunction through the damage of frontal lobe structure including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or related network may influence gait in PSP.
PubMed: 35359519
DOI: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_71_21 -
Journal of the American College of... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Takayasu Arteritis; Angioplasty, Balloon; Treatment Outcome; Stents
PubMed: 36599611
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.11.009 -
The American Journal of Occupational... Nov 2023Mindsets are personal beliefs that one's abilities and personality traits can be improved and modified through education and effort. It is known that mindsets contribute...
IMPORTANCE
Mindsets are personal beliefs that one's abilities and personality traits can be improved and modified through education and effort. It is known that mindsets contribute to behavior and achievements; however, research on mindsets in the context of participation is still lacking.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the correlations between mindsets and dimensions of participation among healthy adolescents and to explore the unique contribution of mindsets to the total explained variance of adolescents' participation diversity, frequency, independence, enjoyment, and satisfaction.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Community in Israel.
PARTICIPANTS
Healthy adolescents (N = 115; 63 females, 52 males) ages 11 to 16 yr (M age = 13.77, SD = 1.22) and their parents.
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The Mindset and Perseverance Questionnaire was used to assess mindsets regarding intelligence, emotions and behavior, and perseverance. The Adolescence Participation Questionnaire was used to assess participation in daily activities.
RESULTS
Mindset regarding emotions, behavior, and perseverance was positively and moderately associated with all participation measures aside from diversity. Mindset regarding intelligence was not associated with participation. The regression analysis indicates that the explanatory variables had a significant modest contribution of 6% to 13% to the total explained variance in adolescents' participation frequency, independence, and enjoyment. Of note, mindset regarding perseverance was found to be the main predictor.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Mindsets and participation are correlated. Beliefs regarding perseverance and effort contribute significantly to various dimensions of adolescents' participation. Occupational therapy practitioners may find growth mindset theory capable of enriching interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' optimal participation. What This Article Adds: This is the first study to assess adolescents' mindset in the context of their participation. The findings demonstrate the significant contribution of mindsets regarding perseverance, effort, emotions, and behavior to participation in everyday activities among healthy adolescents. The findings can be incorporated into interventions aimed at promoting adolescents' optimal participation.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pleasure; Emotions; Educational Status; Israel
PubMed: 37943368
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050297 -
Psychological Reports Apr 2022Many American and Dutch adolescents use marijuana regularly. There is concern that such use may impair cognitive function more in adolescents than adults. We examined...
Many American and Dutch adolescents use marijuana regularly. There is concern that such use may impair cognitive function more in adolescents than adults. We examined effects of regular marijuana use on long-term memory and perseveration among American and Dutch adolescents. We administered Buschke's Selective Reminding Test (BSRT) to assess long-term memory and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess perseveration in male teenagers. Usable test data were obtained for 12 American marijuana users, 13 American controls, 9 Dutch marijuana users, and 12 Dutch controls. In BSRT, users showed lower overall long-term storage than controls (adjusted means ± SE's for numbers of words per trial of 9.4 ± 0.2, 13.4 ± 0.3, 11.7 ± 0.2, and 12.4 ± 0.2 for American users, Dutch users, American controls, and Dutch controls, respectively). Marijuana was associated with memory effects only in American, not Dutch, users. Bivariate Pearson correlations for American and Dutch users combined showed associations of lower total recall with more uses in the previous year and lifetime (r = -0.61 and r = -0.53, respectively); and more perseverative errors with more uses in the previous year (r = 0.55). Some findings were consistent with the possibility that regular adolescent marijuana use causes deficits in cognition, especially memory. However, a causal interpretation cannot be inferred from our findings and is challenging to reconcile with the observation of memory deficits only in American users. Our study was novel in examining the influence of nationality on marijuana's cognitive effects. More studies of this topic should compare effects across nationalities or cultures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cannabis; Cognition; Humans; Male; Marijuana Use; Memory; Neuropsychological Tests; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33517837
DOI: 10.1177/0033294121988992 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023The affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of impulsivity involved in suicide-related outcomes can be investigated through the UPPS model, which conceptualizes... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The affective, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of impulsivity involved in suicide-related outcomes can be investigated through the UPPS model, which conceptualizes these facets in multidimensional terms related to negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation and perseverance, and sensation seeking. This systematic review and meta-analysis provided a comprehensive understanding of the role of all facets of impulsivity in the development of suicidal ideation and behaviors.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on six databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) until May 5,2023. Overall, 49 studies met the criteria for systematic review, of which 37 were included in a meta-analysis of data from 17.898 individuals. Additional moderation analyses included age, gender, sample status, country of study conduct, assessment instruments, type of suicide-related outcome, study quality, and research design.
RESULTS
We found significant relationships between aspects of impulsivity and suicide-related outcomes. Specially, affective facets related to impulsivity showed a stronger association with suicidal ideations and attempts than cognitive and behavioral dimensions, recommending the main involvement of emotional aspects-positive and negative-in suicide-related dimensions.
LIMITATIONS
The limited number of studies may have negatively impacted the power of moderation analyses. In addition, for most dimensions of impulsivity, the limited number of longitudinal studies did not allow to test the moderating role of research design.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supports the role of impulsivity in suicidal ideation and behavior, identifying the affective component of impulsivity as the most involved, providing a significant contribution from a clinical and diagnostic point of view.
Topics: Humans; Suicide; Impulsive Behavior; Suicidal Ideation; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 37459976
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.086 -
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin Dec 2022The present study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relation between grit and subjective well-being (SWB). The association between grit (i.e., overall grit,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The present study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relation between grit and subjective well-being (SWB). The association between grit (i.e., overall grit, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest) and SWB (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, happiness, depression, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and school satisfaction) were synthesized across 83 studies and 66,518 participants. The results based on a random-effects model showed a substantial correlation between overall grit and SWB (ρ = .46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [.43, .48]), followed by perseverance of effort (ρ = .38, 95% CI = [.33, .43]) and consistency of interest (ρ = .23, 95% CI = [.17, .28]). The moderator analysis indicated that the correlations between overall grit/consistency of effort and SWB become weaker as age increased, and these links were stronger in affective well-being than in cognitive well-being. Moreover, grit explained unique variance in SWB even after controlling for conscientiousness. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personal Satisfaction; Happiness; Schools; Job Satisfaction
PubMed: 34802306
DOI: 10.1177/01461672211053453 -
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin May 2023Two studies were conducted to further the understanding of daily experiences of perseverance and passion and the influences of personality traits (e.g., grit and...
Two studies were conducted to further the understanding of daily experiences of perseverance and passion and the influences of personality traits (e.g., grit and conscientiousness) and contextual factors. Study 1 applied the experience sampling method ( = 116; observations = 5,187) and found that perseverance of effort (PE) predicted passion when controlling for conscientiousness. Study 2 used the day reconstruction method ( = 468; observations = 1,872) and found that both PE and consistency of interest (CI) had effects, although CI was a stronger predictor than PE. In both studies, PE was moderated only by instrumentality of the activity, whereas CI was moderated only by perceived difficulty. We also found mediating effects of instrumentality, (lower) perceived difficulty, and (fewer) intrusive thoughts on the pathways between traits and perseverance and passion. These results deepen our knowledge on why and how perseverance-related traits impact daily experiences of perseverance and passion.
Topics: Humans; Emotions; Goals; Motivation; Personality; Male; Female; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult
PubMed: 35209764
DOI: 10.1177/01461672221076970