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Lakartidningen Nov 2023Exercise and protein for function and self-confidence - The OPEN model for community care of older persons Experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic indicate the need to...
Exercise and protein for function and self-confidence - The OPEN model for community care of older persons Experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic indicate the need to introduce care routines for health promotion among recipients of care for older persons. A treatment model with daily repeated sit-to-stand exercises in combination with oral protein supplements twice daily has been evaluated in community care for older persons in the Stockholm Region; the Older Person's Exercise and Nutrition (OPEN) Study. The 3-month controlled study included 102 residents. A substantial part of the residents were able to follow the intervention, and to maintain or improve their chair-rising capacity, while also increasing their weight and muscle mass. Interview studies showed that the participants found the OPEN concept was easy to adopt, gave increased self-confidence and an increased sense of hope. The staff perceived the intervention as a potentially positive concept. The OPEN model is a method that may contribute to a health-promoting way of working in the care of older persons.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Pandemics; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Self Concept; COVID-19
PubMed: 37975759
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Personality and Social... Aug 2023Do changes in religiosity beget changes in personality, or do changes in personality precede changes in religiosity? Existing evidence supports longitudinal associations...
Do changes in religiosity beget changes in personality, or do changes in personality precede changes in religiosity? Existing evidence supports longitudinal associations between personality and religiosity at the between-person level, such that individual differences in personality predict subsequent individual differences in change in religiosity. However, no research to date has examined whether within-person changes in personality lead to subsequent changes in religiosity. Using random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM), we investigated between- and within-person associations between the Big Five personality traits and three aspects of religiosity-belief in God, service attendance, and prayer-in a sample of over 12,000 Dutch individuals across 11 annual assessments. We found between-person associations between all Big Five traits and religiosity, yet within-person associations only between agreeableness as well as extraversion and belief in God. Specifically, individuals who increased in agreeableness or extraversion reported subsequent increases in their belief in God and, in addition, individuals who increased in their belief in God showed subsequent increases in agreeableness. We further identified significant moderating effects of gender, religious upbringing, and religious affiliation. Overall, the present findings suggest that the associations between personality traits and religiosity primarily occur at the between-person level. However, the evidence for intraindividual associations between agreeableness, extraversion, and religious belief highlights the importance of distinguishing between-person from within-person effects to broaden the understanding of the temporal dynamics between variables. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Religion; Individuality; Interpersonal Relations
PubMed: 37338438
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000466 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Mar 2023Gender identity is a deeply felt internal sense of self, which may correspond (cisgender) or not correspond (transgender) with the person's assigned sex at birth.... (Review)
Review
Gender identity is a deeply felt internal sense of self, which may correspond (cisgender) or not correspond (transgender) with the person's assigned sex at birth. Transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse people may choose to affirm their gender in any number of ways including medical gender affirmation. This is a primer on the medical care of transgender individuals which covers an introduction to understanding a common language, history of transgender medical care, creating a welcoming environment, hormone therapy, surgical therapies, fertility considerations, and cancer screening in transgender people.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Male; Female; Transgender Persons; Gender Identity
PubMed: 36759103
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.10.011 -
Psychological Science Oct 2023There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related...
There is robust evidence that people with higher incomes tend to have higher self-esteem, but little is known about how changes in income and self-esteem are related within individuals. Some theories predict that increased earnings lead to higher self-esteem, others that increased self-esteem leads to higher earnings, and still others that there should be no within-person associations between these variables. We tested these theories in 4-year longitudinal data from more than 4,000 adult participants from a Dutch representative sample. Results indicated significant between-person associations between income and self-esteem, consistent with prior research. Within-person effects suggested that increases in self-esteem are a function of previous increases in income more than the other way around. These links held when analyses controlled for employment status, and they generalized across gender, age, and educational background. Overall, the findings provide evidence for theories that consider self-esteem as both a source and a consequence of personal earnings.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Self Concept; Income; Employment; Gender Identity; Interpersonal Relations
PubMed: 37732970
DOI: 10.1177/09567976231185129 -
European Journal of Dental Education :... Feb 2022The transactional model of stress is a framework describing the process for coping with stressful events as a relationship between the individual person and environment....
INTRODUCTION
The transactional model of stress is a framework describing the process for coping with stressful events as a relationship between the individual person and environment. This study aimed to investigate the associations between personality, learning environment and experiences of mental health for a cohort of Australian dentistry students.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Students were invited in 2017 to complete an online questionnaire including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCIR-140). Students were followed-up one year later, and generalised estimating equations were used.
RESULTS
A total of 219 (response 73.5%) students participated in the study. Two personality profiles of dentistry students were identified. Group 1 were significantly higher in the traits persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness and reward dependence, whereas Group 2 were significantly higher in harm avoidance. Students with Group 2 personality had a 3.12 (CI:1.72-5.65) increased odds of depression compared to Group 1 students. Compared to students with positive perceptions of the learning environment, students with negative perceptions had increased odds of stress (3.48, CI: 1.85-6.53), depression (2.71, CI: 1.57- 4.65) and anxiety (2.59, CI: 1.56-4.28).
CONCLUSION
Students with personalities high in levels of self-directedness, cooperativeness and persistence and low in harm avoidance, as found in Group 1, demonstrate high levels of general well-being. Positive perceptions of the dentistry learning environment were found to be an important influence on students stress. This study highlighted a number of factors important to student well-being and provides direction for further investigation of interventions aimed at enhancing student well-being.
Topics: Australia; Character; Dentistry; Education, Dental; Humans; Students
PubMed: 33474765
DOI: 10.1111/eje.12666 -
The American Psychologist 2022Memorializes Jerome Kagan (1929-2021). Jerome Kagan was born on February 25, 1929, in Newark, NJ. Jerry's initial search for stable constructs focused on the cognitive....
Memorializes Jerome Kagan (1929-2021). Jerome Kagan was born on February 25, 1929, in Newark, NJ. Jerry's initial search for stable constructs focused on the cognitive. In articles in the 1960s, he examined the extent to which children formed analytic concepts, and whether they acted reflectively or impulsively. Jerry published the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) in 1965, which led to a spate of articles by Jerry and others on the uses of the MFF and on the dimension of reflection-impulsivity-groundbreaking work that can still inform research on what has more recently been termed executive function. In 1984, with his then-graduate student Cynthia Garcia-Coll, Jerry described a group of children who were vigilant when confronted with novelty, low on approach behavior and hesitant to speak in social situations. He suggested that this cluster of behaviors (and measured physiological reactivity) reflected a temperamental trait that they called behavioral inhibition. Jerry went on to study physiological reactions to threat among behaviorally inhibited children, their interactions with unfamiliar peers, and their developing personalities, with multiple longitudinal cohorts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Child; Executive Function; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Personality; Students
PubMed: 35201785
DOI: 10.1037/amp0000985 -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2022Tinnitus is a common and, in many cases, chronic condition. Coping with a chronic ailment is a long-term process, which also depends on the personality of the...
BACKGROUND
Tinnitus is a common and, in many cases, chronic condition. Coping with a chronic ailment is a long-term process, which also depends on the personality of the individual. One important personality resource is ego-resiliency, that is, how flexible the person is in adapting to the impulse to control their environment.
PURPOSE
The aim of the study was to determine whether ego-resiliency affects the perceived level of tinnitus annoyance.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This was a questionnaire study combined with a retrospective analysis of medical data.
STUDY SAMPLE
The study involved 176 people with diagnosed chronic tinnitus who volunteered to participate (53 men and 123 women aged 31-80 years).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The following tools were used: Ego-Resiliency Scale to measure ego-resiliency, Tinnitus Functional Index to assess the impact of tinnitus on daily life, and a survey of sociodemographics and tinnitus history.
RESULTS
The conducted research showed that men had higher ego-resiliency than women. Older subjects (older than 60 years) had higher ego-resiliency than younger ones. There was a negative correlation between ego-resiliency and the perceived annoyance of tinnitus. Regression analysis showed that a person's ability to cope and to tolerate negative emotions were the only factors of ego-resiliency that were a significant predictor of tinnitus annoyance.
CONCLUSION
People with a high level of personal ability to cope and to tolerate negative emotions are likely to experience decreased tinnitus annoyance. Ego-resiliency levels should be considered when diagnosing and planning interventions for people with tinnitus. In psychological intervention programs for people with tinnitus, it is worthwhile developing ego-resiliency, paying particular attention to positive emotions which are crucial in building it. Research should be continued on other personal resources affecting perceived tinnitus annoyance.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Retrospective Studies; Ego; Tinnitus; Resilience, Psychological; Adaptation, Psychological; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 35318619
DOI: 10.1055/a-1804-6601 -
Psychosomatics 2020Personality describes an enduring pattern of experiences and behaviors in the interpersonal and social sphere. Several aspects of personality, e.g., defenses, relational... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Personality describes an enduring pattern of experiences and behaviors in the interpersonal and social sphere. Several aspects of personality, e.g., defenses, relational dynamics, and reactions, are commonly accentuated in the midst of medical care; therefore, understanding a patient's personality allows the clinician to make informed predictions about how a specific patient may respond to illness and how care interactions might be modified to optimize care engagement and outcomes.
OBJECTIVE/METHODS
This article provides a brief description of the personalities in the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition, and discusses how each one might inform clinical interactions. Two additional personality-like presentations-the traumatized patient and cognitive impairment-are included for clinical utility given their high prevalence in medical settings and their potential for broad impact on clinical relationships.
RESULTS
Personality-informed care is an approach that incorporates information about the patient's personality into the clinical relationship. It describes what the clinician might say and when, what recommendations to offer and how to frame them, and how to comport oneself while providing care.
CONCLUSIONS
Personality-informed care operationalizes several aspects of personalized medicine, and it offers a heuristic framework that may facilitate and enhance the implementation of evidence-based care.
Topics: Humans; Language; Patient-Centered Care; Personality; Personality Disorders; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 32093848
DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.01.005 -
Nursing Older People Feb 2022Empathy is an integral aspect of communication with older people and is central to person-centred care. As part of the provision of person-centred care, empathy supports...
Empathy is an integral aspect of communication with older people and is central to person-centred care. As part of the provision of person-centred care, empathy supports effective communication, producing positive effects such as increased emotional well-being, increased adherence to treatment plans, reduced pain levels and improved wound healing. Empathy involves attempting to understand the other person's perspective and feelings and communicate that understanding back to them. Empathic communication can help older people feel that they are being listened to and valued as partners in healthcare relationships. This article focuses on why it is important to demonstrate empathy when communicating with older people and how this can be achieved. It explains the origin of the concept of empathy in nursing and provides different ways of characterising empathy. It explores barriers to empathic communication in older people nursing and identifies verbal and non-verbal communication skills that nurses can use to enhance their empathy. Finally, it explains the importance for nurses to develop self-awareness and undertake self-care to preserve their capacity to demonstrate empathy towards older people.
Topics: Aged; Communication; Empathy; Humans; Nurse-Patient Relations
PubMed: 35018750
DOI: 10.7748/nop.2022.e1378 -
Social Cognitive and Affective... Oct 2020Does the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A...
Does the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A developmental amnesic person with impaired episodic memory (HC) was compared with two groups of age-matched controls on tasks assessing the Big Five personality traits and social competence in relation to the past, present and future. Consistent with previous research, controls believed that their personality had changed more in the past 5 years than it will change in the next 5 years (i.e. the end-of-history illusion), and rated their present and future selves as more socially competent than their past selves (i.e. social improvement illusion), although this was moderated by self-esteem. Despite her lifelong episodic memory impairment, HC also showed these biases of temporal self-appraisal. Together, these findings do not support the theory that the temporal extension of the self-concept requires the ability to recollect richly detailed memories of the self in the past and future.
Topics: Adult; Amnesia; Female; Humans; Memory, Episodic; Mental Recall; Personality; Self Concept
PubMed: 32734306
DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa105