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The American Journal of Geriatric... Jan 2021
Understanding Personality's Role in Late-Life Suicide Research: A Multifaceted Challenge: Invited Perspective on "The Interaction of Personality and Social Support on Prospective Suicidal Ideation in Men and Women With Late-Life Depression".
Topics: Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Personality; Prospective Studies; Social Support; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 32409193
DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.022 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2020Previous research suggests that challenging temperament characteristics (i.e., low mood, irritability and rigidity) are associated with risk for the development of...
BACKGROUND
Previous research suggests that challenging temperament characteristics (i.e., low mood, irritability and rigidity) are associated with risk for the development of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD). This study aimed to investigate the connection between PBD and discrete dimensions of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality.
METHODS
Youth diagnosed with PBD I, II, or NOS, at high risk for the disorder (BD-HR) and healthy controls were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic at Stanford University School of Medicine. Researchers administered a personality inventory and evaluated current mood state.
RESULTS
BD and BD-HR youth scored lower in Emotional Regulation than did HC youth (F (3, 70) = 10.75, p < .001). Within the BD and BD-HR groups, youth with high depression scores scored lower on Extraversion (F (3, 70) = 8.62, p < .001) and Conscientiousness (F (3, 70) = 4.53, p < .01).
LIMITATIONS
A major limitation of this study is its cross-sectional design, precluding analysis of whether certain traits or clusters of traits predict PBD or other mood disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
Low Emotional Regulation, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were associated with PBD; this personality profile clinically corresponds with youth diagnosed with PBD who present with difficulty regulating their emotions, vulnerability to stress, and emotional reactivity. Future research examining personality characteristics in PBD may elucidate further a specific profile to aid clinicians in developing psychosocial interventions for youth with and at high risk of developing PBD.
Topics: Adolescent; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Psychosocial Intervention
PubMed: 32734924
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.007 -
Acta Psychologica Nov 2022Previous studies have looked at the associations between personality traits and illegal drug use in people across various age groups and in various countries. However,...
Previous studies have looked at the associations between personality traits and illegal drug use in people across various age groups and in various countries. However, much less is known about how personality traits relate to illegal drug use in young people aged between 16 and 21 in the context of the United Kingdom, who are in a unique developmental period that is more vulnerable to illegal drugs. Moreover, previous studies have only looked at the relationship between personality traits and illegal drug use status, and less much is known about how personality traits relate to drug use frequency. The current study analyzed the data by using a binary and ordinal logistic regression to analyze responses from 775 young drug users and 2757 young non-drug users from UKHLS. The results found that Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion are positively related to ever illegal drug use whereas Agreeableness and Conscientiousness are negatively associated with ever illegal drug use during the past year. However, only Agreeableness, Openness, and Conscientiousness were associated with the frequency of illegal drug use. To conclude, the current study contributes to theories that propose illegal drug use is a result of personality traits such as the self-derogation theory and the problem behavior theory, which propose that substance use is a result of personality. Psychologists might use this information as a method to identify potential populations who are at risk of taking illegal drugs, which may benefit preventive interventions that can reduce illegal drug use in young people. Future studies should use more objective measures, examine different types of drug use, and test these associations in other cultures.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Extraversion, Psychological; Personality; Neuroticism; Substance-Related Disorders; Illicit Drugs
PubMed: 36368191
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103794 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities...
In the current study, we set out to examine the viability of a novel approach to modeling human personality. Research in psychology suggests that people's personalities can be effectively described using five broad dimensions (the Five-Factor Model; FFM); however, the FFM potentially leaves room for improved predictive accuracy. We propose a novel approach to modeling human personality that is based on the maximization of the model's predictive accuracy. Unlike the FFM, which performs unsupervised dimensionality reduction, we utilized a supervised machine learning technique for dimensionality reduction of questionnaire data, using numerous psychologically meaningful outcomes as data labels (e.g., intelligence, well-being, sociability). The results showed that our five-dimensional personality summary, which we term the "Predictive Five" (PF), provides predictive performance that is better than the FFM on two independent validation datasets, and on a new set of outcome variables selected by an independent group of psychologists. The approach described herein has the promise of eventually providing an interpretable, low-dimensional personality representation, which is also highly predictive of behavior.
Topics: Humans; Intelligence; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35879357
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16108-3 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Jul 2021Personality is the description of an individual's tendencies when acting or reacting to others. Clinicians spontaneously form impressions of a patient's apparent... (Review)
Review
Personality is the description of an individual's tendencies when acting or reacting to others. Clinicians spontaneously form impressions of a patient's apparent personality yet such unstructured impressions might lead to snap judgments or unhelpful labels. Here we review the evidence-based five-factor model from psychology science for understanding personalities (OCEAN taxonomy). Openness to experience is defined as the general appreciation for a variety of experiences. Conscientiousness is the tendency to exhibit self-discipline. Extraversion is the degree of engagement with the external world. Agreeableness is the general concern for social harmony. Neuroticism is the tendency to experience negative emotions. An awareness of these five dimensions might help clinicians avoid faulty judgments from casual contact. Expert assessment of personality requires extensive training and data, thereby suggesting that clinicians should take a humble view of their own unsophisticated impressions of a patient's personality.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33506393
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-06598-8 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022Personality is a strong determinant for several health-related behaviours and has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the reports of...
Personality is a strong determinant for several health-related behaviours and has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the reports of personality's mediating role have been inconsistent with no data available from large population-based cohorts. The study aimed to create proxies for the Big Five personality traits, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism, to examine the longitudinal relationship between personality and myocardial infarction in the UK Biobank. The study sample comprised of 484,205 participants (55% female, 45% male, mean age 56.4 ± 8.1 years) from UK Biobank cohort with a mean follow-up of 7 years. The personality proxies sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity and nervousness were created using self-reported data on psychological factors, mental health and social support, to match the facets of the Big Five traits. As neuroticism is the only Big Five personality trait available in the UK Biobank, it was included to validate the personality proxies. Myocardial infarction outcome information was collected from hospital records, death registries or was self-reported. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratios (HR), respectively with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for demographics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity), health-related factors (BMI, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Diligence was found to be significantly associated with lower prevalent myocardial infarction [OR: 0.87; (CI 0.84-0.89)] and lower incident myocardial infarction [HR: 0.88; (CI 0.85-0.92)]. Sociability was also protective against prevalent [OR: 0.89; (CI 0.87-0.92)] and incident [HR: 0.90; (CI 0.87-0.93)] myocardial infarction. Conversely, nervousness inferred a higher risk for both prevalent [OR: 1.10; (CI 1.08-1.12)] and incident [HR: 1.07; (CI 1.04-1.09)] myocardial infarction during follow-up. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that nervousness significantly increases the risk for incident myocardial infarction among women [HR: 1.13; (CI 1.08-1.19)] compared to men [HR: 1.05; (CI 1.02-1.08)]. By using our created proxies, we were able to investigate the impact of personality on the development of myocardial infarction. Persons with higher levels of diligence and sociability mimicking predominantly conscientiousness and extraversion personalities respectively are less likely to experience myocardial infarction, while personalities predominantly characterised by nervousness pose higher risk for developing myocardial infarction. These initial findings invite further validation of the use of the personality proxies in UK Biobank cohort.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Personality; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35468914
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10573-6 -
Journal of Abnormal Psychology Aug 2021Over the past two decades, interest in the relationship between personality and psychopathology has resurged. However, the clinical problem of adult separation anxiety...
Over the past two decades, interest in the relationship between personality and psychopathology has resurged. However, the clinical problem of adult separation anxiety (ASA) has been largely excluded from this endeavor due to the age-of-onset criterion in older editions of the DSM that prohibited first-onset diagnoses in adulthood. This study tests relationships between ASA symptoms and higher- and lower-order personality traits in a community sample of 565 women. It accounts for systematic error by utilizing informant report, two personality inventories, and data from two time points over three years, and by adjusting for mood state. It also tests longitudinal ASA-personality models. Results indicate that ASA is robustly associated with negative emotionality and its facet of stress reaction, as well as with aggression, alienation, and absorption to somewhat lesser degrees. These relationships are not due to overlap with other traits (except in the case of alienation), or mood-state biases, and they are verified by informants. Moreover, negative temperament predicts greater levels of ASA three years later, adjusting for baseline ASA. Neither positive emotionality or temperament, nor positive emotionality's lower-order scales, were uniquely related to ASA in multitrait models, whereas relationships between ASA and disinhibition and constraint were inconsistent. These findings lay the groundwork for future research testing the mechanisms and causal links between these personality traits and ASA and may help clinicians anticipate traits that are associated with ASA in order to tailor treatments to patients' personalities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety, Separation; Female; Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Temperament
PubMed: 34553957
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000682 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2021Anaesthesia and intensive care units are specific workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of the sense of self-efficacy and the intensification...
INTRODUCTION
Anaesthesia and intensive care units are specific workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of the sense of self-efficacy and the intensification of personality traits in a group of nurse anaesthetists and to develop a regression model explaining the sense of self-efficacy.
METHOD
The population of the questionnaire survey included nurse anaesthetists from five hospitals in south-eastern Poland. The NEO-FFI was used in assessing their personality traits. The general self-efficacy scale was employed for the self-efficacy assessment. A total of 143 correctly filled surveys were analyzed.
RESULTS
The respondents typically perceived their own self-efficacy level as upper moderate. The nurse anaesthetists participating in the study revealed a tendency to high scores in conscientiousness and extraversion, and low scores related to neuroticism. The persons characterized by high conscientiousness, extraversion and openness to experience revealed a tendency to high scores related to the sense of self-efficacy. The relationship between personality traits and experiencing the nuisance of selected stressful job factors was demonstrated. Regression analysis showed that conscientiousness and extraversion are most closely related to the sense of self-efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
It seems to be beneficial to implement occupational consulting for nurses, who are starting their work or/and taking into consideration working in anesthesiology and intensive care units. The importance of personality traits and self- efficacy in relation with well-being of medical personnel needs deeper investigations.
Topics: Humans; Nurse Anesthetists; Personality; Personality Inventory; Self Efficacy; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34501972
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179381 -
International Journal of Aging & Human... Jul 2021The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient"...
The purpose of this study was a cross-cultural examination of centenarians' personality through a person-centered approach to examine if there is a "resilient" personality profile consistent across cultures. Proxy reports information was obtained from family and close friends of 239 U.S. centenarians from the Georgia Centenarians Study and 272 Japanese centenarians from the Tokyo Centenarian Study. Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify personality profiles in centenarians from the United States and Japan. Two personality profiles were identified in both samples: a "resilient" personality profile and "nonresilient" personality profile. The "resilient" group had higher levels of positive personality traits with higher scores on agreeableness and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness. The "nonresilient" group had higher scores on neuroticism and lower scores on extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Fifty percent of U.S. centenarians and 65% of Japanese centenarians were in the "resilient" group.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Extraversion, Psychological; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Neuroticism; Optimism; Personality; Resilience, Psychological; United States
PubMed: 32394718
DOI: 10.1177/0091415020920002 -
Psychological Research Jun 2020This study investigated the structure of social cognition, and how it is influenced by personality; specifically, how various socio-cognitive capabilities, and the...
This study investigated the structure of social cognition, and how it is influenced by personality; specifically, how various socio-cognitive capabilities, and the pattern of inter-relationships and co-dependencies among them differ between divergent personality styles. To measure social cognition, a large non-clinical sample (n = 290) undertook an extensive battery of self-report and performance-based measures of visual perspective taking, imitative tendencies, affective empathy, interoceptive accuracy, emotion regulation, and state affectivity. These same individuals then completed the Personality Styles and Disorders Inventory. Latent Profile Analysis revealed two dissociable personality profiles that exhibited contrasting cognitive and affective dispositions, and multivariate analyses indicated further that these profiles differed on measures of social cognition; individuals characterised by a flexible and adaptive personality profile expressed higher action orientation (emotion regulation) compared to those showing more inflexible tendencies, along with better visual perspective taking, superior interoceptive accuracy, less imitative tendencies, and lower personal distress and negativity. These characteristics point towards more efficient self-other distinction, and to higher cognitive control more generally. Moreover, low-level cognitive mechanisms served to mediate other higher level socio-emotional capabilities. Together, these findings elucidate the cognitive and affective underpinnings of individual differences in social behaviour, providing a data-driven model that should guide future research in this area.
Topics: Cognition; Emotions; Empathy; Female; Humans; Individuality; Male; Personality; Social Behavior; Social Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 30324265
DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1107-3