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Child Psychiatry and Human Development Oct 2021Recent research indicates that adaptive functioning and well-being depends on the integration of three dissociable systems of learning and memory that regulate...
Recent research indicates that adaptive functioning and well-being depends on the integration of three dissociable systems of learning and memory that regulate associative conditioning, intentionality and self-awareness. Our study objective was to describe how different integrated configurations of these systems (i.e. different expressions of personality) relate to the presence of internalizing, externalizing and total problems. In total, 699 adolescents completed the JTCI and Achenbach's YSR. Latent profile analyses revealed two temperament profiles and six character profiles. Adolescents with a steady temperament, and those with healthy characters, were significantly less likely to present clinical levels of problems. The integration of a steady temperament and healthy character profiles in a Mature-Steady joint temperament-character network was also associated with significantly less clinical problems. In sum, our person-centered study indicates that adaptive expressions of associative conditioning, intentionality, and self-awareness (i.e. integrated personalities) are critical for mental health.
Topics: Adolescent; Character; Emotions; Humans; Latent Class Analysis; Personality Inventory; Temperament
PubMed: 32989577
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01063-9 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Jan 2021Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on...
OBJECTIVES
Within-couple similarities in personality traits tend to be positively associated with relationship well-being. However, research in this area is typically based on cross-sectional designs, thereby limiting examination of longitudinal personality concordance. Given that life experiences shape within-person change in personality, and that partners within a couple often experience similar life events, investigation of within-couple personality synchrony and associations with marital outcomes is warranted.
METHODS
Using data from 3,988 couples (mean age at baseline = 67.0 years, SD = 9.6), multilevel dyadic growth models estimated within-couple similarity in baseline levels, change, and occasion-to-occasion variability for each of the Big Five personality traits over an 8-year follow-up. Bivariate growth models examined the effect of within-couple similarity on perceived spousal support, accounting for dependency within couples.
RESULTS
Adjusting for baseline age, education, functional ability, and relationship length, analyses revealed within-couple concordance between baseline levels of all 5 personality traits, as well as correlated within-couple fluctuations in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness over time. Similarity in openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism trajectories predicted spousal support. Couples were most similar in openness, showing correlated intercepts, change, and variability, and this longitudinal synchrony was particularly important for perceived spousal support in women.
DISCUSSION
These findings provide evidence for longitudinal personality synchrony over time within older adult couples. Further, concordance in neuroticism, extraversion, and openness predicted perceived spousal support, though there may be some gender differences in personality dynamics and relationship well-being. Effects of similarity were relatively small compared to actor and partner effects of these traits.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Extraversion, Psychological; Family Relations; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroticism; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Social Support; Spouses
PubMed: 32931566
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa163 -
Nursing Older People Feb 2022Empathy is an integral aspect of communication with older people and is central to person-centred care. As part of the provision of person-centred care, empathy supports...
Empathy is an integral aspect of communication with older people and is central to person-centred care. As part of the provision of person-centred care, empathy supports effective communication, producing positive effects such as increased emotional well-being, increased adherence to treatment plans, reduced pain levels and improved wound healing. Empathy involves attempting to understand the other person's perspective and feelings and communicate that understanding back to them. Empathic communication can help older people feel that they are being listened to and valued as partners in healthcare relationships. This article focuses on why it is important to demonstrate empathy when communicating with older people and how this can be achieved. It explains the origin of the concept of empathy in nursing and provides different ways of characterising empathy. It explores barriers to empathic communication in older people nursing and identifies verbal and non-verbal communication skills that nurses can use to enhance their empathy. Finally, it explains the importance for nurses to develop self-awareness and undertake self-care to preserve their capacity to demonstrate empathy towards older people.
Topics: Aged; Communication; Empathy; Humans; Nurse-Patient Relations
PubMed: 35018750
DOI: 10.7748/nop.2022.e1378 -
Journal of Sex Research May 2023According to previous research, interest in BDSM (Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism) activities is high in several European countries and...
According to previous research, interest in BDSM (Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism) activities is high in several European countries and various BDSM practices are not uncommon. There is a limited amount of research on the personalities of BDSM practitioners, but in previous research practitioners have been found to have better overall well-being and to be more educated than the general population. The current study explored the prevalence of BDSM interest and practice in a Finnish sample ( = 8,137, age range 18-60, = 30.14, = 8.08) and investigated the association between BDSM interest and personality measured with the six-factor personality measure HEXACO. A total of 38% of the sample was interested in BDSM sex and non-heterosexual individuals displayed almost twice as much interest and at most 83% more participation in BDSM than heterosexual individuals. Younger participants (18-28 years old) displayed almost three times as much interest than older participants. There were some associations between BDSM interest and personality factors, but the effect sizes of these associations were modest. The study shows that BDSM interest is quite common among the Finnish population.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Sadism; Finland; Prevalence; Sexual Behavior; Masochism; Personality
PubMed: 34994669
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.2015745 -
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2024Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with...
BACKGROUND
Increasing evidence suggests that personality traits may be associated with ADHD and comorbid concerns. We investigated temperament and character traits associated with internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in adolescents with or without ADHD.
METHODS
The population consisted of a subsample ( = 457) of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) that comprised 16-year-old adolescents with and without symptoms of ADHD. ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Kiddie-SADS-PL and temperament and character profiles were determined with TCI-125. Outcomes were examined using Pearson's chi-square test, Analyses of Covariance and Cohen's d.
RESULTS
The adolescents with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking and less persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than those without. Comparison of the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities with the ADHD cases showed that comorbidities did not particularly affect the temperament and character profiles, but rather ADHD accounted for the differences between the personality traits. However, the temperament and character traits predicted externalizing and internalizing psychiatric disorders in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings reveal unique comorbidity-related temperament factors, which may have implications for adaptive and personalizing intervention efforts.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Temperament; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Character; Comorbidity; Finland; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37772465
DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2262994 -
Personality Disorders Jul 2021A model of personality pathology including both general and specific components distinguishes severity of personality dysfunction from the characteristic style of its...
A model of personality pathology including both general and specific components distinguishes severity of personality dysfunction from the characteristic style of its expression. This model has been proposed as an empirically based, dimensional alternative to categorical models. In this study, we evaluated this conceptual structure by examining associations between general and specific features of personality pathology and momentary interpersonal dynamics. By assessing whether dynamic variability reflects general impairment or a specific trait style, we also sought to link existing findings of heterogeneity in behavior and affect among persons diagnosed with categorical borderline personality disorder with dimensional models. We examined these issues in a large sample of adults (N = 605) drawn from two protocols-an initial exploratory study and a preregistered replication. Ambulatory assessment was used to measure affect and dominant and warm behavior of self and other during everyday interpersonal interactions. We examined individuals' average affects, behaviors, and perceptions of the others' behaviors, as well as variability in these constructs in relation to personality pathology using multilevel structural equation modeling. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine maladaptive traits or general personality pathology in relation to momentary measures. Results supported the incremental validity of general and specific features and suggested that variability is most closely associated with general personality pathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Borderline Personality Disorder; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33211527
DOI: 10.1037/per0000469 -
The Journal of Psychology 2022We examined how individuals' personality relates to various attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). Attitudes were organized into two dimensions of affective...
We examined how individuals' personality relates to various attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). Attitudes were organized into two dimensions of affective components (positive and negative emotions) and two dimensions of cognitive components (sociality and functionality). For personality, we focused on the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness) and personal innovativeness in information technology. Based on a survey of 1,530 South Korean adults, we found that extraversion was related to negative emotions and low functionality. Agreeableness was associated with both positive and negative emotions, and it was positively associated with sociality and functionality. Conscientiousness was negatively related to negative emotions, and it was associated with high functionality, but also with low sociality. Neuroticism was related to negative emotions, but also to high sociality. Openness was positively linked to functionality, but did not predict other attitudes when other proximal predictors were included (e.g. prior use, personal innovativeness). Personal innovativeness in information technology consistently showed positive attitudes toward AI across all four dimensions. These findings provide mixed support for our hypotheses, and we discuss specific implications for future research and practice.
Topics: Adult; Artificial Intelligence; Attitude; Emotions; Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Personality
PubMed: 35015615
DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.2012109 -
PloS One 2023The current empirical evidence regarding the effects of personality on physical attractiveness is limited to adult faces. In two preregistered studies, we demonstrated...
The current empirical evidence regarding the effects of personality on physical attractiveness is limited to adult faces. In two preregistered studies, we demonstrated that personality descriptions influenced perceived cuteness, warmth, competence of young children, and female adults' nurturing motivation toward them. Study 1 showed that participants rated children accompanied by positive personality descriptions as cuter, friendlier, and more intelligent than their initial ratings. Negative personality descriptions reduced perceived cuteness in children, which in turn reduced nurturing motivation. Study 2 showed that negative personality descriptions consistently reduced perceived cuteness and warmth ratings after manipulation, regardless of the initial level of perceived cuteness. After one week, cuteness and warmth ratings in the positive personality condition tended to return to their initial ratings. However, the effect of negative personality descriptions on cuteness ratings persisted for all children. Together, our findings suggest that female adults' perception of cuteness and nurturing motivation are induced not only by children's appearance but also their personality.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Child; Female; Child, Preschool; Motivation; Personality Disorders; Face; Intelligence; Personality
PubMed: 36652408
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279985 -
Development and Psychopathology Oct 2023In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful...
In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful life events. Additionally, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' parenting and participants' personality traits in adolescence predicted these profiles. Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development ( = 346 families) were used. At T1 (2004; = 11 years), T2 (2007), and T3 (2009), mothers and fathers reported on their parenting and their child's personality. At T4 (2018; = 25 years), emerging adults retrospectively self-reported the occurrence and impact of 22 stressful life events and rated current behavior problems and subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Competent (71%; low stress, low behavior problems, high subjective well-being), Vulnerable (21%; average stress, high behavior problems, low subjective well-being), and Resilient (9%; high stress, average behavior problems, average subjective well-being). Emerging adults in the Resilient profile had experienced higher levels of maternal positive parenting and were less emotionally stable and conscientious than those in the Competent profile. Furthermore, emerging adults in the Vulnerable profile were less emotionally stable than their peers in the Competent profile. These findings reveal new insights into the heterogeneous patterns of emerging adults' adaptation following stressful life events.
Topics: Adult; Female; Child; Humans; Adolescent; Male; Parenting; Retrospective Studies; Personality; Mothers; Personality Disorders; Fathers
PubMed: 35957570
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579422000578 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... May 2021Chronic positive mood (CPM) has been shown to confer a wide variety of social, functional, and health benefits. Some researchers have argued that humans evolved to feel... (Review)
Review
Chronic positive mood (CPM) has been shown to confer a wide variety of social, functional, and health benefits. Some researchers have argued that humans evolved to feel CPM, which explains why most people report better than neutral mood (the "positivity offset bias") and why particularly happy people have particularly good outcomes. Here, we argue that the Duchenne smile evolved as an honest signal of high levels of CPM, alerting others to the psychological fitness of the smiler. Duchenne smiles are honest because they express felt positive emotion, making it difficult for unhappy people to produce them. Duchenne smiles enable happy people to signal and cooperate with one another, boosting their advantages. In our literature review, we found (a) that not all Duchenne smiles are "honest," although producing them in the absence of positive emotion is difficult and often detectable, and (b) that the ability to produce and recognize Duchenne smiles may vary somewhat by a person's cultural origin. In the final section of the article, we consider behavioral influences on CPM, reviewing research showing that engaging in eudaimonic activity reliably produces CPM, as posited by the eudaimonic-activity model. This research suggests that frequent Duchenne smiling may ultimately signal eudaimonic personality as well as CPM.
Topics: Affect; Emotions; Humans; Personality; Smiling
PubMed: 33577410
DOI: 10.1177/1745691620959831