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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2020People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This...
People with acne vulgaris report a lower level of satisfaction with life and are more frequently classified as having Type D personalities than those without acne. This research examined, for the first time, the moderating and mediating role of personality type in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. Among 300 female nursing and cosmetology students ranging in age from 19 to 24 years (M = 21.28, SD = 1.39), 150 individuals (50%) presented with symptoms of acne vulgaris (AV group), while the other 150 (50%) were categorized as controls without acne vulgaris (WAV sample). A cross-sectional study was conducted using three self-report questionnaires: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS), and the Type D Scale (DS14). Acne vulgaris was clinically diagnosed using the Hellgren-Vincent Scale (HVS). The AV group scored significantly higher on the FTAS and DS14 and lower on the SWLS than the WAV sample. Life satisfaction correlated negatively with both the negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) subscales of the DS14. The moderating role of the Type A behavioral pattern (TABP) and the mediating role of both NA and SI subscales of the DS14 were observed in the relationship between acne severity and satisfaction with life. The type of personality may explain the mechanism of the relationship between acne disease and subjective well-being. Therefore, psychological interventions and strategies focused on managing stress and mood may effectively improve satisfaction with life in people with acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Type A Personality; Type D Personality; Young Adult
PubMed: 33212977
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228524 -
PloS One 2024Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities...
Having a secure sense of belonging at school supports students' academic achievement and well-being. However, little research has examined how students' personalities relate to their feelings of school belonging. We address this gap in the literature by leveraging data from a large sample of first-year college students (N = 4,753) from a diverse set of North American colleges and universities (N = 12). We found that both extraversion and agreeableness were positively associated with belonging, while neuroticism was negatively associated with belonging. In an exploratory analysis, we examined differences between large and small schools. Students who were more extraverted, less neurotic, and less open were more likely to attend large schools. Additionally, the association between extraversion and belonging was stronger for students at large schools. These findings advance our understanding of who comes to feel like they belong at college and how school context may influence these relationships. We emphasize the need for continued research on the relationship between personality and belonging. Additionally, we highlight the implications of these results for higher education institutions.
Topics: Humans; Universities; Emotions; Personality; Schools; Students
PubMed: 38232053
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295436 -
Journal of Personality and Social... May 2020Personality traits and vocational interests capture different aspects of human individuality that intersect in certain ways. In this longitudinal study, we examined...
Personality traits and vocational interests capture different aspects of human individuality that intersect in certain ways. In this longitudinal study, we examined developmental relations between the Big 5 traits and RIASEC vocational interests over 4 timepoints from late adolescence to young adulthood (age 16-24) in a sample of Icelandic youth (N = 485) well-representative of the total student population. Results showed that interests and personality traits were similarly stable over time, but showed different patterns of mean-level change. There was evidence of personality maturation but a lack of cumulative changes in interest levels. For the most part, gender differences in developmental trends were minimal. In addition, latent growth curve analyses revealed broad and specific correlated changes between personality and interests. Changes in general factors of personality and interests were moderately related (r = .32), but stronger correlated changes were found among specific personality-interest pairs that share situational content. Overall, results reveal how interests and personality are related across different types of continuity and change. While there was little correspondence between group-level changes, substantial correlated change occurred at the individual level. This means that when a person's personality changes, their interests tend to change in predictable ways (and vice versa). Integrative theories that link different aspects of psychological functioning can benefit by incorporating these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Human Development; Humans; Iceland; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Personality; Personality Development; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30614731
DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000228 -
Accident; Analysis and Prevention Jun 2020Driving anger increases risk-taking in traffic and road traffic accident involvement. Herein, we examine the links between self-reported and observed driving anger,...
Driving anger increases risk-taking in traffic and road traffic accident involvement. Herein, we examine the links between self-reported and observed driving anger, self-reported and observed aggressive driving, and personality traits. Specifically, sixty drivers drove in an anger-inducing simulated driving scenario. A video camera recorded their verbal and gestural expression during the simulator drive. Two weeks before the simulator drive, we assessed participants' basic personality traits, driving anger expression, and aberrant driving behaviour via an online survey. State anger was measured immediately before and after the simulator drive. From recorded simulator and video data, we obtained four measures: the number of accidents (simulator), an aggressive driving score (simulator), verbal expression of driving anger (video), and related gestures and headshakes (video). Verbal and gestural expression while driving were related to an increase in state anger in the simulator drive and different self-reported measures: While observed verbal expression was positively related to lapses and negatively related to constructive expression, gestural expression was positively related to both self-reported violations and self-reported aggressive expression. The traits Emotionality and Honesty-Humility were related to an increase in state anger and to verbal expression in the simulator drive, yet, age and gender modified the relation to personality traits. Results can support the development of personalised anger management interventions and anger mitigating in-vehicle devices.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Aggressive Driving; Anger; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 32244089
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105516 -
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2023Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development...
BACKGROUND
Trichotillomania (TTM) and skin picking disorder (SPD) result in significant psychosocial burden. Despite this burden, however, risk factors related to the development of these disorders remain unclear. The present study assessed temperament in a well-characterized sample of adults with TTM or SPD.
METHODS
A total of 202 adults age 18 to 65 were enrolled; 44 had TTM, 30 had SPD, and 128 served as controls. Participants completed the self-report Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) to examine the severity of TTM and SPD symptoms, quality of life, and temperament. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined.
RESULTS
Compared to controls, those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and its subscales, with TTM associated with higher scores than SPD. Those with TTM or SPD scored significantly higher on only 1 measure of novelty seeking (extravagance). Higher TPQ harm avoidance correlated with worse hair pulling severity and worse quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
The temperament traits of participants with TTM or SPD differed in significant ways from controls; those with TTM or SPD generally demonstrated similar trait profiles. A dimensional approach to the personalities of those with TTM or SPD may offer insight and provide clues to treatment strategies.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Trichotillomania; Temperament; Quality of Life; Personality Disorders; Personality
PubMed: 37074974
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0096 -
Psychological Reports Jun 2021This study aimed to identify the motives for social media sites use in the general population and determine what personality traits (normal and maladaptive) predict...
This study aimed to identify the motives for social media sites use in the general population and determine what personality traits (normal and maladaptive) predict different motives for social media sites use. Another objective was to analyze which motives for SMSs use are related to well-being. The sample consisted of 420 subjects (211 men, 209 women), mean age 40.29 years (=14.93). Data were gathered using the Big Five Inventory, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form -Adult, the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, and a scale designed ad hoc to evaluate the motives for social media sites use. The results showed that the most frequent motives were Personal relationship maintenance/Search for information, Pastime/Exhibitionism, and Search for companionship. In addition, it was found that normal and, especially, maladaptive personality traits increased the explained variance for the three motives for social media sites use, beyond age and gender. Predictors of relationship initiation and pastime/exhibitionism motives were related to more negative features (e.g., antagonism and disinhibition) than predictors of personal relationship maintenance/search for information. Finally, personal relationship maintenance/search for information was positively related to all the components of well-being, while the other motives for social media sites use were negatively associated with well-being.
Topics: Adult; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Motivation; Personality; Personality Inventory; Social Media
PubMed: 32375534
DOI: 10.1177/0033294120922495 -
Journal of Personality Apr 2023Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in...
OBJECTIVE
Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience?
METHOD
Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader.
RESULTS
Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Personality; Leadership; Personality Disorders; Self Concept; Emotions
PubMed: 35428997
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12719 -
Aging & Mental Health Dec 2022Personality can influence older adults' health and quality of life. However, the pathways are relatively less examined. This study aimed to understand the mediating...
Personality can influence older adults' health and quality of life. However, the pathways are relatively less examined. This study aimed to understand the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between two personality traits-neuroticism and extraversion-and Hong Kong Chinese older adults' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Whether such effect varied across older adults in different financial conditions were also examined. A purposive non-probability sample of 253 Hong Kong Chinese older adults aged 60 and above was recruited for a face-to-face questionnaire survey. Neuroticism and extraversion were measured using the subscales form the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Resilience was measured by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). HRQoL was measured by the short-form 8 (SF- 8). Path analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between key variables. Multi-group path analysis was also performed to investigate whether the pathways differed by financial status. Indirect effects were computed in the path analyses to detect the mediatory role of resilience between personalities and HRQoL. The findings included that after controlling for confounders, neuroticism, but not extraversion was significantly associated with HRQoL. The relationships were mediated by resilience. Moreover, the mediating role of resilience is more pronounced among the participants who live in a financially poor or fair condition, comparing to their wealthier peers. This study confirmed the important role of personality in shaping older adults' resilience and quality of life. Personality should be kept in mind in the identification of potential vulnerable groups for interventions, especially those in financial hardships who may face double disadvantages.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Hong Kong; Resilience, Psychological; Personality; Extraversion, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34904489
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.2000936 -
Journal of Personality Jun 2023Loneliness represents a public health threat given its central role in predicting adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Prior research has established four of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Loneliness represents a public health threat given its central role in predicting adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Prior research has established four of the Big Five personality traits as consistent cross-sectional predictors of loneliness in largely western, White samples. However, it is not clear if the personality predictors of loneliness vary across cultures.
METHOD
The present study estimates associations between the Big Five traits and loneliness across distinct samples of White American, Black American, and Japanese adults (n = 6051 at T1). Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling were used to examine measurement invariance properties of the Big Five and loneliness across these groups. The factor structures were then carried forward to estimate associations between personality and loneliness across two assessments waves using structural equation modeling.
RESULTS
While Neuroticism was a strong predictor across groups, low Extraversion was more predictive of loneliness in Japan than in the U.S., and low Conscientiousness was only a significant predictor in the U.S.
CONCLUSIONS
Previous literature offers a framework for interpreting these findings in that loneliness may be shaped comparatively more through interconnectedness in Japanese culture, while, in the U.S., individual goals and personal romantic expectations are more salient.
Topics: Loneliness; Personality; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Black or African American; White; Japan; United States; Neuroticism; Extraversion, Psychological; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Introversion, Psychological; East Asian People
PubMed: 35929351
DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12765 -
Nursing Standard (Royal College of... Oct 2023Attending to one's personal hygiene is a private and ritualistic act that is linked to self-expression and is important for one's well-being and self-esteem. Providing...
Attending to one's personal hygiene is a private and ritualistic act that is linked to self-expression and is important for one's well-being and self-esteem. Providing effective support with personal hygiene to patients can demonstrate thoughtfulness and sensitivity to their individual needs. Nurses in all fields of nursing may encounter patients who identify as transgender, but many nurses have expressed concerns about their lack of knowledge and confidence in that area of care. This article discusses the use of gender-affirming language and the factors to consider when supporting transgender patients with their personal hygiene as part of personalised, equitable and inclusive nursing care.
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires; Hygiene; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 37599637
DOI: 10.7748/ns.2023.e12110