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International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2021Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are indispensable in agricultural production. They have been used by farmers to control weeds and insects, and their remarkable increases in agricultural products have been reported. The increase in the world's population in the 20th century could not have been possible without a parallel increase in food production. About one-third of agricultural products are produced depending on the application of pesticides. Without the use of pesticides, there would be a 78% loss of fruit production, a 54% loss of vegetable production, and a 32% loss of cereal production. Therefore, pesticides play a critical role in reducing diseases and increasing crop yields worldwide. Thus, it is essential to discuss the agricultural development process; the historical perspective, types and specific uses of pesticides; and pesticide behavior, its contamination, and adverse effects on the natural environment. The review study indicates that agricultural development has a long history in many places around the world. The history of pesticide use can be divided into three periods of time. Pesticides are classified by different classification terms such as chemical classes, functional groups, modes of action, and toxicity. Pesticides are used to kill pests and control weeds using chemical ingredients; hence, they can also be toxic to other organisms, including birds, fish, beneficial insects, and non-target plants, as well as air, water, soil, and crops. Moreover, pesticide contamination moves away from the target plants, resulting in environmental pollution. Such chemical residues impact human health through environmental and food contamination. In addition, climate change-related factors also impact on pesticide application and result in increased pesticide usage and pesticide pollution. Therefore, this review will provide the scientific information necessary for pesticide application and management in the future.
Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Crops, Agricultural; Environmental Pollution; Humans; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 33513796
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031112 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Oct 2023Pesticides, chemical substances extensively employed in agriculture to optimize crop yields, pose potential risks to human and environmental health. Consequently,... (Review)
Review
Pesticides, chemical substances extensively employed in agriculture to optimize crop yields, pose potential risks to human and environmental health. Consequently, regulatory frameworks are in place to restrict pesticide residue concentrations in water intended for human consumption. These regulations are implemented to safeguard consumer safety and mitigate any adverse effects on the environment and public health. Although gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS and LC-MS) are highly efficient techniques for pesticide quantification, their use is not suitable for real-time monitoring due to the need for sophisticated laboratory pretreatment of samples prior to analysis. Since they would enable analyte detection with selectivity and sensitivity without sample pretreatment, biosensors appear as a promising alternative. These consist of a bioreceptor allowing for specific recognition of the target and of a detection platform, which translates the biological interaction into a measurable signal. As early detection systems remain urgently needed to promptly alert and act in case of pollution, we review here the biosensors described in the literature for pesticide detection to advance their development for use in the field.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Agriculture; Biosensing Techniques
PubMed: 37668672
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04911-4 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2021Pesticides are used to control pests that harm plants, animals, and humans. Their application results in the contamination of the food and water systems. Pesticides may... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are used to control pests that harm plants, animals, and humans. Their application results in the contamination of the food and water systems. Pesticides may cause harm to the human body via occupational exposure or the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Once a pesticide enters the human body, it may create health consequences such as cardiotoxicity. There is not enough information about pesticides that cause cardiotoxicity in the literature. Currently, there are few reports that summarized the cardiotoxicity due to some pesticide groups. This necessitates reviewing the current literature regarding pesticides and cardiotoxicity and to summarize them in a concrete review. The objectives of this review article were to summarize the advances in research related to pesticides and cardiotoxicity, to classify pesticides into certain groups according to cardiotoxicity, to discuss the possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, and to present the agents that ameliorate cardiotoxicity. Approximately 60 pesticides were involved in cardiotoxicity: 30, 13, and 17 were insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively. The interesting outcome of this study is that 30 and 13 pesticides from toxicity classes II and III, respectively, are involved in cardiotoxicity. The use of standard antidotes for pesticide poisoning shows health consequences among users. Alternative safe medical management is the use of cardiotoxicity-ameliorating agents. This review identifies 24 ameliorating agents that were successfully used to manage 60 cases. The most effective agents were vitamin C, curcumin, vitamin E, quercetin, selenium, chrysin, and garlic extract. Vitamin C showed ameliorating effects in a wide range of toxicities. The exposure mode to pesticide residues, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 are aerial exposure to pesticide drift, home and/or office exposure, exposure due to drinking contaminated water, and consumption of contaminated food, respectively. General cardiotoxicity is represented by 5, whereas 6, 7, 8 and 9 are electrocardiogram (ECG) of hypotension due to exposure to OP residues, ECG of myocardial infraction due to exposure to OPs, ECG of hypertension due to exposure to OC and/or PY, and normal ECG respectively.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotoxicity; Humans; Insecticides; Occupational Exposure; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides
PubMed: 34231153
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14999-9 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jul 2022On average, it has taken approximately 10 years and $250 million to discover and develop one pesticide out of approximately 100 000 compounds. A successful pesticide... (Review)
Review
On average, it has taken approximately 10 years and $250 million to discover and develop one pesticide out of approximately 100 000 compounds. A successful pesticide researcher nowadays needs to be knowledgeable and skillful in multiple disciplines. As a result of the high costs and unique requirements, only a handful of companies in the world can afford to continue pesticide research and development (R/D) in the $70 billion pesticide market. Pesticide R/D is a high-risk yet high-reward business. In this perspective, pesticide R/D is briefly discussed and a case study is used to illustrate how spinosad was discovered and became a successful product, despite the many challenges facing pesticide R/D.
Topics: Drug Combinations; Insecticides; Macrolides; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides
PubMed: 35834192
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03821 -
The Science of the Total Environment Oct 2021Pesticides make indispensable contributions to agricultural productivity. However, the residues after their excessive use may be harmful to crop production, food safety... (Review)
Review
Pesticides make indispensable contributions to agricultural productivity. However, the residues after their excessive use may be harmful to crop production, food safety and human health. Although the ability of plants (especially crops) to accumulate and metabolize pesticides has been intensively investigated, data describing the chemical and metabolic processes in plants are limited. Understanding how pesticides are metabolized is a key step toward developing cleaner crops with minimal pesticides in crops, creating new green pesticides (or safeners), and building up the engineered plants for environmental remediation. In this review, we describe the recently discovered mechanistic insights into pesticide metabolic pathways, and development of improved plant genotypes that break down pesticides more effectively. We highlight the identification of biological features and functions of major pesticide-metabolized enzymes such as laccases, glycosyltransferases, methyltransferases and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and discuss their chemical reactions involved in diverse pathways including the formation of pesticide S-conjugates. The recent findings for some signal molecules (phytohomormes) like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroids involved in metabolism and detoxification of pesticides are summarized. In particular, the emerging research on the epigenetic mechanisms such DNA methylation and histone modification for pesticide metabolism is emphasized. The review would broaden our understanding of the regulatory networks of the pesticide metabolic pathways in higher plants.
Topics: Agriculture; Brassinosteroids; Crops, Agricultural; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Pesticides
PubMed: 34111793
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148034 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Aug 2022Poor bioavailability of pesticides is one of the major bottlenecks in the development of pesticides. Applications of the concept of pesticide-likeness have been widely... (Review)
Review
Poor bioavailability of pesticides is one of the major bottlenecks in the development of pesticides. Applications of the concept of pesticide-likeness have been widely accepted as one of the ways to break the bottleneck. At present, the evaluation of pesticide-likeness is mainly based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-T) property concepts of pesticides. However, a few significant property concepts of pesticides are ignored in the research of pesticide-likeness. Herein, we summarize the current study of ADME-T and other property concepts and analyze physicochemical properties for pesticides in the last 30 years, such as Fsp, log , and chiral centers. On the basis of these analyses, we propose that molecular complexity and residual property concepts of pesticides should be considered in the pesticide-likeness study. We hope that this work can help pesticide researchers and students, who are less knowledgeable in the field, to assess pesticide-likeness.
Topics: Biological Availability; Humans; Pesticides
PubMed: 35971945
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02757 -
Journal of the American Society For... Oct 2022The identification of pesticide residues is a critical application in environmental and food safety analysis. The most common methods for pesticide residue detection and...
The identification of pesticide residues is a critical application in environmental and food safety analysis. The most common methods for pesticide residue detection and quantification are performed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) using instruments with varying architectures and characteristics. Pesticides have diverse structural and elemental compositions and often require laborious instrument-specific user optimization to identify ideal adducts and fragment ions. While pesticide transition libraries can be purchased from instrument vendors, little of this information exists in the public domain. The Open Pesticide Transition Library (oPestTL) is an effort to compile a comprehensive list of pesticide ion targets and fragments to facilitate the rapid development of screening methods for any LCMS hardware configuration. While a work that must inevitably evolve, the oPestTL library release detailed here contains over 4,000 individual transitions spread across seven separate LCMS platforms making it the largest openly available collection of pesticide methods ever assembled. The oPestTL library can be freely downloaded or interrogated through an open web application: https://proteomicsnews.shinyapps.io/oPestTLv104/.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Food Contamination; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36154004
DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00150 -
Talanta Apr 2022The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide... (Review)
Review
The ongoing poisoning of agricultural products has pushed the security problem to become an important issue. Among them, exceeding the standard rate of pesticide residues is the main factor influencing the quality and security of agricultural products. Moreover, the abuse of pesticides has introduced a large amount of residues in soil and drinking water, which will enter the food chain to the human body, leading to neurological disorders and cancer. Therefore, great efforts have been devoted to developing fluorescent sensors for detecting pesticide in a facile, quickly, sensitive, selective, accurate manner, which exhibit greater advantages than some traditional methods. In this review, we mainly focus on summarizing the non-biological fluorescent probes for organic pesticides detection with the detection limit of micromole to nanomole, including organic functional small molecules, calixarenes and pillararenes, metal organic framework systems, and nanomaterials. Meanwhile, we described the different sensing mechanisms for pesticides detection of these mentioned fluorescent sensors, the detection limit of each pesticide, the application in detecting actual samples, as well as their respective advantages and development prospects associated with present non-biological fluorescent sensors.
Topics: Agriculture; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Soil
PubMed: 35030438
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123200 -
Biosensors & Bioelectronics Sep 2020Immunosensors for rapid detection of pesticide residues has attracted considerable interest in the past few years for healthcare and environmental monitoring. And the... (Review)
Review
Immunosensors for rapid detection of pesticide residues has attracted considerable interest in the past few years for healthcare and environmental monitoring. And the publications have grown exponentially over the past decades, making it a trending hot-spot. Therefore, this review first examines the current situation regarding pesticide residue in various foods, feeds, traditional Chinese medicines and environmental samples. Then, the primary focus is on the recent development of the proposed immunosensors for pesticide detection in the past five years, with particular emphasis on the fluorescence, colorimetric, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical and piezoelectric sensors. Beyond a highlight of the real-world application and advantages of these emerging immunosensors for pesticide inspection, this paper also discusses their potential limits and current challenges, as well as future perspectives. This review will provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of immunosensors, as well as their broader application in different fields, such as analytical chemistry, food safety control, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Immunoassay; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Surface Plasmon Resonance
PubMed: 32479338
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112255 -
Pest Management Science Dec 2023Collaborative action on the part of all stakeholders in pest management is essential to effectively address the challenges of pesticide resistance. The US Environmental... (Review)
Review
Collaborative action on the part of all stakeholders in pest management is essential to effectively address the challenges of pesticide resistance. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through its Pesticide Program Dialogue Committee, recently posted a report on pesticide resistance management and the role the Agency can play in these efforts. In this Perspective, we commend the Agency for acknowledging these needs, and encourage implementation of the recommendations. We urge all stakeholders to follow the example set by the EPA to engage openly, listen to other stakeholders, and determine their role as part of the broader community that is needed to address the challenges of resistance. Our contention is that pesticide resistance will continue to escalate until all stakeholders evaluate their roles in resistance management and work together as a community to influence effective management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Pesticides; Pest Control
PubMed: 37560892
DOI: 10.1002/ps.7709