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Chemosphere Jan 2022Bee health is declining on a global scale, yet the exact causes and their interactions responsible for the decline remain unknown. To more objectively study bee health,...
Bee health is declining on a global scale, yet the exact causes and their interactions responsible for the decline remain unknown. To more objectively study bee health, recently biomarkers have been proposed as an essential tool, because they can be rapidly quantified and standardized, serving as a comparable measure across bee species and varying environments. Here, we used a systems biology approach to draw associations between endogenous and exogenous chemical profiles, with pesticide exposure, or the abundance of the 21 most common honey bee diseases. From the analysis we identified chemical biomarkers for both pesticide exposure and bee diseases along with the mechanistic biological pathways that may influence disease onset and progression. We found a total of 2352 chemical features, from 30 different hives, sampled from seven different locations. Of these, a total of 1088 significant associations were found that could serve as chemical biomarker profiles for predicting both pesticide exposure and the presence of diseases in a bee colony. In almost all cases we found novel external environmental exposures within the top seven associations with bee diseases and pesticide exposures, with the majority having previously unknown connections to bee health. We highlight the exposure-outcome paradigm and its ability to identify previously uncategorized interactions from different environmental exposures associated with bee diseases, pesticides, mechanisms, and potential synergistic interactions of these that are responsible for honey bee health decline.
Topics: Animals; Bees; Biomarkers; Environmental Exposure; Pesticides
PubMed: 34426277
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131948 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2019The sample extraction process is considered as the essential step in the pesticide residue analysis, as it provides the base for the detection of the pesticides in trace... (Review)
Review
The sample extraction process is considered as the essential step in the pesticide residue analysis, as it provides the base for the detection of the pesticides in trace level. Various factors need to be optimized during the extraction of pesticides due to the complexity of the matrix which is time-consuming and tedious. Therefore, the use of experimental design in the optimization process proves to be effective with minimum experiments and cost. This paper is aimed to overview the experimental designs that are frequently used for screening (full factorial, fractional factorial, Plackett-Burman Design) and optimizing (central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Taguchi design, Doehlert design, D-optimal design) the most influential factors to provide a sequential understanding of the linear and complex interactions in the pesticide extraction methods. Further, a systematic approach has been discussed about the use of experimental designs in pesticide extraction and also the softwares used for application-oriented readers.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Pesticides; Research Design; Software
PubMed: 30955627
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.045 -
Journal of Environmental Sciences... Mar 2023Pesticides are a well-known family of chemicals that have contaminated water systems globally. Four common subfamilies of pesticides include organochlorines,... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are a well-known family of chemicals that have contaminated water systems globally. Four common subfamilies of pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamate insecticides which have been shown to adversely affect the human nervous system. Studies have shown a link between pesticide exposure and decreased viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of murine neural stem cells. Besides human exposure directly through water systems, additional factors such as pesticide bioaccumulation, biomagnification and potential synergism due to co-exposure to other environmental contaminants must be considered. A possible avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biomolecules impacted by the various classes of pesticides includes the field of -omics. Discovery of the precise molecular mechanisms behind pesticide-mediated neurodegenerative disorders may facilitate development of targeted therapeutics. Likewise, discovery of pesticide biodegradation pathways may enable novel approaches for water system bioremediation using genetically engineered microorganisms. In this mini-review, we discuss recently established harmful impacts of various categories of pesticides on the nervous system and the application of -omics field for discovery, validation, and mitigation of pesticide neurotoxicity.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Pesticides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Insecticides; Pyrethrins; Water
PubMed: 36375955
DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.033 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2022Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, nontarget toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research... (Review)
Review
Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, nontarget toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research and development of novel, safe, and effective pesticides has become a focus in pesticide discovery. Monoterpenes are secondary plant metabolites that commonly have multiple action targets and have been used in aromatherapy, alternative medicine, and food industries. Some are highly potent and stereoselective. They can potentially be botanical pesticides and serve as lead candidates for the design and synthesis of new monoterpenoid pesticides for agricultural applications. This article reviews publications and patents found in SciFinder Scholar between 2000 and May 2021 on monoterpenes and mainly focuses on pesticidal activities of frequently studied monoterpenes and their modes of action. The presented information and our views are hopefully useful for the development of monoterpenes as biopesticides and monoterpenoid pesticides.
Topics: Agriculture; Biological Control Agents; Monoterpenes; Pesticides; Plants
PubMed: 35380824
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00635 -
Journal of Insect Science (Online) Nov 2023Pesticide applications are often made as tank mixes containing multiple pesticide products and may include spray adjuvants to enhance pesticidal activities. The primary... (Review)
Review
Pesticide applications are often made as tank mixes containing multiple pesticide products and may include spray adjuvants to enhance pesticidal activities. The primary aim of adjuvant products is to increase the spreading and sticking of spray droplets and to increase the penetration of active ingredients through the cuticles of leaves or targeted pests, which can reduce the amount of active ingredient needed for effective pest control. Adjuvants are made up of compounds drawn from the "inert ingredient" list maintained by EPA but are identified as "principal functioning agents" when used in adjuvant products. These inert compounds do not undergo the same testing and risk assessment process that is required of pesticide active ingredients and generally have no mitigation measures that prevent application onto crops during bloom at times of day when bees are foraging. Honey bees (Apis mellifera;Hymenoptera:Apidae) are at an increased risk of exposure to adjuvant tank mixtures while providing agricultural pollination services. Colony losses attributed to pesticide applications thought to have low risk to honey bees have been reported, highlighting the need to better understand the toxicity of adjuvants included in pesticide tank mixtures. This review summarizes current literature on the risks posed to honey bees by agricultural adjuvants and tank mix combinations of adjuvants with pesticides. Based on the current state of knowledge, we make recommendations to pesticide applicators, product manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and researchers regarding adjuvant toxicity to honey bees with the goal of reducing risks that adjuvants pose to honey bees and other beneficial insects.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Pesticides; Hymenoptera; Agriculture; Risk Assessment; Pollination; Insecticides
PubMed: 38055940
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead100 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jul 2023Due to agricultural runoff, pesticides end up in aquatic ecosystems and some accumulate in marine bivalves. As filter feeders, bivalves can accumulate high... (Review)
Review
Due to agricultural runoff, pesticides end up in aquatic ecosystems and some accumulate in marine bivalves. As filter feeders, bivalves can accumulate high concentrations of chemicals in their tissue representing a potential risk to the health of human and aquatic ecosystems. So far, most of the studies dealing with pesticide contamination in marine bivalves, for example, in the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts, have focused on the old generation of pesticides. Only a few investigated the newly emerging pesticides partly due to methodological challenges. A better understanding of the most sensitive and reliable methods is thus essential for accurately determining a wide variety of environmentally relevant pesticides in marine bivalves. The review highlighted the use of more environmentally friendly and efficient materials such as sorbents and the "quick easy cheap effective rugged safe" extraction procedure to extract pesticides from bivalve matrices, as they appeared to be the most efficient while being the safest. Moreover, this method combined with the high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) technique offers promising perspectives by highlighting a wide range of pesticides including those that are not usually sought. Finally, recent developments in the field of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to MS, such as two-dimensional chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry, will improve the analysis of pesticides in complex matrices.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Ecosystem; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Bivalvia
PubMed: 37127735
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04709-4 -
Journal of Environmental Management Nov 2023Clarifying the influences of biochar input on the rhizosphere dissipation and plant absorption of pesticides is a crucial prerequisite for utilizing biochar in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Clarifying the influences of biochar input on the rhizosphere dissipation and plant absorption of pesticides is a crucial prerequisite for utilizing biochar in the restoration of pesticide-contaminated soils. Nevertheless, the application of biochar to pesticide-contaminated soils does not always achieve consistent results on the rhizosphere dissipation and plant absorption of pesticides. Under the new situation of vigorously promoting the application of biochar in soil management and carbon sequestration, a timely review is needed to further understand the key factors affecting biochar remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted utilizing variables from three dimensions of biochar, remediation treatment, and pesticide/plant type. The pesticide residues in soil and the pesticide uptake by plant were used as response variables. Biochar with high adsorption capacity can impede the dissipation of pesticides in soil and mitigate their absorption by plants. The specific surface area of biochar and the type of pesticide are critical factors that affect pesticide residues in soil and plant uptake, respectively. Applying biochar with high adsorption capacity, based on specific dosages and soil characteristics, is recommended for the remediation of continuously cultivated soil contaminated with pesticides. This article aims to provide a valuable reference and understanding for the application of biochar-based soil remediation technology and the treatment of pesticide pollution in soil.
Topics: Pesticides; Pesticide Residues; Rhizosphere; Soil Pollutants; Soil; Charcoal
PubMed: 37385197
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118518 -
Reviews of Environmental Contamination... 2021The lure of increased productivity and crop yield has caused the imprudent use of pesticides in great quantity that has unfavorably affected environmental health.... (Review)
Review
The lure of increased productivity and crop yield has caused the imprudent use of pesticides in great quantity that has unfavorably affected environmental health. Pesticides are chemicals intended for avoiding, eliminating, and mitigating any pests that affect the crop. Lack of awareness, improper management, and negligent disposal of pesticide containers have led to the permeation of pesticide residues into the food chain and other environmental pathways, leading to environmental degradation. Sufficient steps must be undertaken at various levels to monitor and ensure judicious use of pesticides. Development of prediction models for optimum use of pesticides, pesticide management, and their impact would be of great help in monitoring and controlling the ill effects of excessive use of pesticides. This paper aims to present an exhaustive review of the prediction models developed and modeling strategies used to optimize the use of pesticides.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Pesticides
PubMed: 33932184
DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_64 -
Journal of Environmental Management Sep 2022Increasing pesticide use pollutes Chinese surface waters. Pesticides often enter waters through surface runoff from agricultural fields. This occurs especially during...
Increasing pesticide use pollutes Chinese surface waters. Pesticides often enter waters through surface runoff from agricultural fields. This occurs especially during heavy rainfall events. Socio-economic development and climate change may accelerate future loss of pesticides to surface waters due to increasing food production and rainfall events. The main objective of this study is to model past and future pesticide losses to Chinese waters under socio-economic development and climate change. To this end, we developed a pesticide model with local information to quantify the potential pesticide runoff from near-stream agriculture to surface waters after heavy rainfall. We project future trends in potential pesticide runoff. For this, we developed three scenarios: Sustainability, "Middle of the Road" and Economy-first. These scenarios are based on combined Shared Socio-economic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways. We identified hotspots with high potential pesticide runoff. The results show that the potential pesticide runoff increased by 45% from 2000 to 2010, nationally. Over 50% of the national pesticide runoff in 2000 was in five provinces. Over 60% of the Chinese population lived in pesticide polluted hotspots in 2000. For the future, trends differ among scenarios and years. The largest increase is projected for the Economy-first scenario, where the potential pesticide runoff is projected to increase by 85% between 2010 and 2099. Future pesticide pollution hotspots are projected to concentrate in the south and south-east of China. This is the net-effect of high pesticide application, intensive crop production and high precipitation due to climate change. In our scenarios, 58%-84% of the population is projected to live in pesticide polluted hotspots from 2050 onwards. These projections can support the development of regional management strategies to control pesticide pollution in waters in the future.
Topics: Agriculture; Climate Change; Pesticides; Rivers; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 35613533
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115361 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Feb 2023In order to support food, fiber, and fuel production around the world, billions of kilograms of pesticides are applied to crop fields every year to suppress pests, plant... (Review)
Review
In order to support food, fiber, and fuel production around the world, billions of kilograms of pesticides are applied to crop fields every year to suppress pests, plant diseases and weeds. These fields are often home to the most important commercial pollinators, honey bees (Apis spp.), which improve yield and quality of many agricultural products. The pesticides applied to support crop health can be detrimental to honey bee health. The conflict of pesticide use and reliance on honey bees contributes to significant honey bee colony losses across the world. Recommendations for reducing impact on honey bees are generally suggested in literature, pesticide regulations, and by crop consultants, but without a considerable discussion of the realistic limitations of protecting honey bees. New techniques in farming and beekeeping can reduce pesticide exposure through reduction in bee exposure, reduced toxicity of pesticides, and remedies that can be in response to exposure. However, lack of assessment of those new techniques under a systematical, comprehensive framework may overestimate or underestimate these techniques' potential to protect honey bees from pesticide damage. In this review, we summarize the current and arising strategies and techniques with the goal to inspire the development and adoption of pesticide mitigation practices for both agriculture and apiculture.
Topics: Bees; Animals; Pesticides; Agriculture; Beekeeping; Pollen; Farms; Insecticides
PubMed: 36563989
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120915