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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2021
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Emergency Service, Hospital; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pharynx; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 34312175
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202183-f -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Palatine Tonsil; Tongue Neoplasms; Neck; Tongue
PubMed: 36513093
DOI: 10.1055/a-1928-8673 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Pharynx
PubMed: 36205162
DOI: No ID Found -
ELife Feb 2020MRI experiments have revealed how throat singers from Tuva produce their characteristic sound.
MRI experiments have revealed how throat singers from Tuva produce their characteristic sound.
Topics: Pharynx; Singing; Sound; Speech Acoustics
PubMed: 32048994
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.55749 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Otolaryngology; Nose; Pharynx
PubMed: 37127510
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.007 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022To present a case of a ballistic foreign body in the pharynx after a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial area, an accompanying review of relevant literature, and our... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To present a case of a ballistic foreign body in the pharynx after a gunshot wound to the maxillofacial area, an accompanying review of relevant literature, and our approach to management.
METHOD
A 68-year-old male with no prior medical history presented to our trauma center with gunshot wounds to the left chin, left wrist, right chest, and sternum. A CT Angiogram of the neck revealed a bullet fragment left neck and additional fragment adjacent to the L hypopharynx at the level of the hyoid. The patient was taken to the operating room for direct laryngoscopy with foreign body removal and esophagoscopy.
RESULTS
We document our workup and successful surgical removal of the pharyngeal ballistic foreign body via our video abstract, compiling preoperative imaging, intraoperative imaging, and video. Literature review of the subject accompanying our video abstract highlights the extensive complications that can occur from a retained foreign body in this area, supporting surgical removal of the foreign body if safely possible.
CONCLUSION
Given the demonstrated feasibility and success of endoscopic foreign body removal from the pharyngoepiglottic space, in addition to overwhelming support for removal in the literature we recommend surgical extraction of ballistic foreign bodies located in the upper aerodigestive tract in stable patients to avoid early and long-term complications that can impact swallowing function, airway stability and the vital structures contained within the neck.
Topics: Aged; Esophagoscopy; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Hypopharynx; Male; Pharynx; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 35570132
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103490 -
Journal of Dentistry Sep 2023Upper airway assessment requires a fully-automated segmentation system for complete or sub-regional identification. This study aimed to develop a novel Deep Learning...
OBJECTIVES
Upper airway assessment requires a fully-automated segmentation system for complete or sub-regional identification. This study aimed to develop a novel Deep Learning (DL) model for accurate segmentation of the upper airway and achieve entire and subregional identification.
METHODS
Fifty cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, including 24,502 slices, were labelled as the ground truth by one orthodontist and two otorhinolaryngologists. A novel model, a lightweight multitask network based on the Swin Transformer and U-Net, was built for automatic segmentation of the entire upper airway and subregions. Segmentation performance was evaluated using Precision, Recall, Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Intersection over union (IoU). The clinical implications of the precision errors were quantitatively analysed, and comparisons between the AI model and Dolphin software were conducted.
RESULTS
Our model achieved good performance with a precision of 85.88-94.25%, recall of 93.74-98.44%, DSC of 90.95-96.29%, IoU of 83.68-92.85% in the overall and subregions of three-dimensional (3D) upper airway, and a precision of 91.22-97.51%, recall of 90.70-97.62%, DSC of 90.92-97.55%, and IoU of 83.41-95.29% in the subregions of two-dimensional (2D) crosssections. Discrepancies in volume and area caused by precision errors did not affect clinical outcomes. Both our AI model and the Dolphin software provided clinically acceptable consistency for pharyngeal airway assessments.
CONCLUSION
The novel DL model not only achieved segmentation of the entire upper airway, including the nasal cavity and subregion identification, but also performed exceptionally well, making it well suited for 3D upper airway assessment from the nasal cavity to the hypopharynx, especially for intricate structures.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This system provides insights into the aetiology, risk, severity, treatment effect, and prognosis of dentoskeletal deformities and obstructive sleep apnea. It achieves rapid assessment of the entire upper airway and its subregions, making airway management-an integral part of orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery, and ENT surgery-easier.
Topics: Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Pharynx; Software; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 37343616
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104595 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Mar 2021
Topics: Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Pharynx; Video Recording
PubMed: 33636727
DOI: 10.1055/a-1353-7942 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2021Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a multi-factorial disorder, with quite complex endotypes, consisting of anatomical and non-anatomical pathophysiological... (Review)
Review
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is a multi-factorial disorder, with quite complex endotypes, consisting of anatomical and non-anatomical pathophysiological factors. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is recognized as the first-line standard treatment for OSA, whereas upper airway (UA) surgery is often recommended for treating OSA patients who have refused or cannot tolerate CPAP. The main results achievable by the surgery are UA expansion, and/or stabilization, and/or removal of the obstructive tissue to different UA levels. The site and pattern of UA collapse identification is of upmost importance in selecting the customized surgical procedure to perform, as well as the identification of the relation between anatomical and non-anatomical factors in each patient. Medical history, sleep studies, clinical examination, UA endoscopy in awake and drug-induced sedation, and imaging help the otorhinolaryngologist in selecting the surgical candidate, identifying OSA patients with mild UA collapsibility or tissue UA obstruction, which allow achievement of the best surgical outcomes. Literature data reported that the latest palatal surgical procedures, such as expansion sphincter palatoplasty or barbed reposition palatoplasty, which achieve soft palatal and lateral pharyngeal wall remodeling and stiffening, improved the Apnea Hypopnea Index, but the outcome analyses are still limited by methodological bias and the limited number of patients' in each study. Otherwise, the latest literature data have also demonstrated the role of UA surgery in the improvement of non-anatomical factors, confirming that a multidisciplinary and multimodality diagnostic and therapeutical approach to OSA patients could allow the best selection of customized treatment options and outcomes.
Topics: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Endoscopy; Humans; Pharynx; Polysomnography; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 34356971
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070690 -
Journal of Anatomy Dec 2019The pharyngeal arches are a prominent and significant feature of vertebrate embryos. These are visible as a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the embryonic... (Review)
Review
The pharyngeal arches are a prominent and significant feature of vertebrate embryos. These are visible as a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the embryonic head. In humans, and other amniotes, there are five pharyngeal arches numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6; note the missing '5'. This is the standard scheme for the numbering of these structures, and it is a feature of modern anatomy textbooks. In this article, we discuss the rationale behind this odd numbering, and consider its origins. One reason given is that there is a transient 5th arch that is never fully realized, while another is that this numbering reflects considerations from comparative anatomy. We show here, however, that neither of these reasons has substance. There is no evidence from embryology for a '5th' arch, and the comparative argument does not hold as it does not apply across the vertebrates. We conclude that there is no justification for this strange numbering. We suggest that the pharyngeal arches should simply be numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as this would be in keeping with the embryology and with the general numbering of the pharyngeal arches across the vertebrates.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Branchial Region; Head; Neural Crest; Pharynx; Vertebrates
PubMed: 31402457
DOI: 10.1111/joa.13067