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Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2023The aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze the microbiome of the nasopharyngeal zone in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their relationship with...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze the microbiome of the nasopharyngeal zone in acute respiratory infections (ARI) and their relationship with inflammatory markers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: Examination of 112 children (10-14 years old) with acute respiratory infections (ARI) of the upper respiratory tract was carried out. The control group consisted of 25 healthy children identical in age and examination parameters.
RESULTS
Results: When analyzing the microflora of the nasopharynx of patients, 29,0% of strains were gram-positive bacteria and 71,0% were gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli representing 37,0%). Biochemical examination of the biomaterial revealed the presence of sucrase (n=69), maltase (n=87), lactorepoxidase (n-89) and alcohols - sorbitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=102), mannitol (hexahydric alcohol, n=84), xylitol (pentahydric alcohol, n=86). Regarding the markers of inflammatory response, the following dynamics was noted: increase in the level of IgM (3,91 ± 1,79 g/l, p<0,01) by 2,2 times, elevation of Ig G level by 10 times (145, 91 ± 53,04 g/l, p< 0,01), slightly higher than the reference values IgE level. In addition, increased IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, γ-IFN, TNF-α, Neopterin levels were detected. The level of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly different compared to the control group (0,62 ± 0,57 vs. 1,98 ± 0,30 mIU/ ml, p< 0,01), but within the reference values.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Predominance of Gram-negative bacteria in the nasopharyngeal microflora of patients along with elevated inflammatory markers and lactop-eroxydase enzyme predominance was detected in the study.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Nasopharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Microbiota
PubMed: 38112358
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202311112 -
AAPS PharmSciTech Jul 2022Diseases caused by upper respiratory tract (URT) and pulmonary infections have been a serious threat to human health for millennia and lack of targeted effective...
Diseases caused by upper respiratory tract (URT) and pulmonary infections have been a serious threat to human health for millennia and lack of targeted effective therapeutic techniques. In this study, two kinds of cyclodextrin particles with typical particle shapes of nanocubes and microbars were synthesized through a facile process. Subsequently, the particles were used as carriers for loading and stabilizing iodine and characterizations were performed to demonstrate the loading mechanism. Next-generation impactor (NGI) experiments showed that iodine-loaded microbars (I@microbars) had a deposition rate of 79.75% in URT, while iodine-loaded nanocubes (I@nanocubes) were delivered to the deep lungs with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 46.30%. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) indicated that the iodine-loaded nanocubes and microbars had similar bactericidal effect to povidone iodine solution. Cell viability studies and extracellular pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) evaluations demonstrate noncytotoxic effects of the blank carriers and anti-inflammatory effects of iodine-loaded samples. The irritation of the rat pharynx by I@microbars was evaluated for the behavioral observations, body weight changes, histopathological studies, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in pharyngeal tissues. The results showed that I@microbars had no irritation to rat pharyngeal tissues at therapeutic doses. In conclusion, the present study provides novel treatment of URT infections via supramolecular cyclodextrin carriers for URT local therapy with iodine loading by a solvent-free method, which enhances the stability and reduces the inherent irritation without inhibiting their antimicrobial effects. Two kinds of cyclodextrin particles with typical shapes of microbars and nanocubes were synthesized by a facile process. Subsequently, iodine was successfully loaded into the particles by gas-solid interaction. The iodine-loaded microbars showed air dynamics characteristics for inhalation delivery to the upper respiratory tract with little alveolar deposition in the lungs.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Cyclodextrins; Interleukin-6; Iodine; Particle Size; Pneumonia; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35804252
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02277-x -
Immunity Aug 2021Lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs) are essential organizers of immune responses. We analyzed tonsillar tissue by combining flow cytometry, in situ imaging, RNA sequencing,...
Lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs) are essential organizers of immune responses. We analyzed tonsillar tissue by combining flow cytometry, in situ imaging, RNA sequencing, and functional assays, defining three distinct human LSC subsets. The integrin CD49a designated perivascular stromal cells exhibiting features of local committed LSC precursors and segregated cytokine and chemokine-producing fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) supporting B and T cell survival. The follicular dendritic cell transcriptional profile reflected active responses to B cell and non-B cell stimuli. We therefore examined the effect of B cell stimuli on LSCs in follicular lymphoma (FL). FL B cells interacted primarily with CD49a FRCs. Transcriptional analyses revealed LSC reprogramming in situ downstream of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), including increased expression of the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. Our findings define human LSC populations in healthy tissue and reveal bidirectional crosstalk between LSCs and malignant B cells that may present a targetable axis in lymphoma.
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL19; Chemokine CCL21; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Integrin alpha1; Lymphoma, Follicular; Palatine Tonsil; Signal Transduction; Stromal Cells; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34166622
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.05.019 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... May 2022Dendrobium officinale can serve as Chinese medicinal material effective in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and producing fluid, and is used to treat throat diseases, but...
Dendrobium officinale can serve as Chinese medicinal material effective in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and producing fluid, and is used to treat throat diseases, but its active substances and mechanism are not clear. To clarify the active fraction and underlying mechanism of D. officinale against chronic pharyngitis(CP), the present study induced a CP model in rats by pepper water combined with low-concentration ammonia, and crude polysaccharides of D. officinale(DOP), non-polysaccharides of D. officinale(DON), and total extract of D. officinale(DOT)(0.33 g·kg~(-1), calculated according to the crude drug) were administered by gavage for six weeks. The changes in oral secretions and pharyngeal conditions of rats with CP were observed and rated. The hematological indicators were determined by an automatic hematology analyzer. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin 1β(IL-1β), and interleukin 6(IL-6), and T-lymphocyte cytokines, including interferon γ(IFN-γ), interleukin 4(IL-4), interleukin 17(IL-17), and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The proportions of CD3~+, CD4~+, and CD8~+cells in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were determined by the flow cytometry. The histomorphological changes of the pharynx were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The protein expression of nuclear factor-κB P65(NF-κB P65), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), F4/80, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) in the pharynx were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that DOP and DON could significantly relieve pharyngeal lesions, reduce white blood cells(WBC) and lymphocytes(LYMP), decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inhibit the protein expression of NF-κB P65, COX-2, F4/80, and MCP-1 in the pharynx. DOP was superior in reducing oral secretions and serum IL-17 level and inferior in increasing CD4~+/CD8~+ratio to DON. It is suggested that both polysaccharides and non-polysaccharides of D. officinale have anti-PC effects and the anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to the regulation of T lymphocyte distribution and inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by NF-κB P65. The anti-inflammatory effect of DOP may be related to the regulation of Th17/Treg balance, while that of DON may be related to the regulation of the Th/Tc ratio.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dendrobium; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; NF-kappa B; Pharyngitis; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Water
PubMed: 35531700
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211223.703 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Apr 2020Granular cell tumor (GCT) remains a diagnostic clinicopathologic problem because the exact frequency of its detailed morphological and clinical characteristics is...
BACKGROUND
Granular cell tumor (GCT) remains a diagnostic clinicopathologic problem because the exact frequency of its detailed morphological and clinical characteristics is unknown as most observations are collected from small series or isolated cases. Herein, our aim is to highlight the frequency of all clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor based in our series and the available medical (PubMed) literature.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
42 cases were evaluated for: tissue layers involved by the tumor (in skin and mucosae), growth pattern, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic index, necrosis, spindling, calcification, hyalinization, and pustule-ovoid bodies of Milian, as well as perineural and vascular invasion, and the presence of adjacent epithelium changes, and lymphocytes and eosinophils infiltration., Follow-up was analyzed. The tumors were subclassified into benign, atypical and malignant according to Fanburg-Smith criteria and into benign or GCT of uncertain malignant potential according to Nasser criteria. The same characteristics were analyzed for 1499 cases reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
In the current series, the mean age at diagnosis was 45.8 years (range 6-69 years). Most patients were females (60 %) and the involved organs were by descending frequency: skin and subcutaneous tissue, bronchus, esophagus, breast, tongue, larynx, pharynx, gingiva, trachea, right colon, vulva, and hypopharynx. No recurrence or progression was seen, despite 32 cases were incompletely excised, with the exception of one malignant tumor. The growth pattern was either infiltrative (85.71 %) or well limited (7.14 %). Sixteen tumors had vesicular nuclei. Mitotic activity was found in two tumors. Lymphocytic infiltration was found in 14 tumors. Eosinophils were present in 6 cases. One GCT of the right colon showed extensive calcification and hyalinization. Perineural invasion was noted in 6 lesions. No vascular invasion was found. One tumor was clinically malignant and the patient died 2 years after diagnosis. Medical literature review showed similar results in terms of frequency of the reported clinical and morphological features. Among cases with available follow up, almost 20 % showed positive margins and of those 20 % developed local recurrence. According to the Fanburg-Smith criteria, 72 % would be benign, 17 % atypical and 11 % malignant tumors, while according to those of Nasser, 93 % would be benign and 7% of uncertain malignant potential. However, true malignancy, as affirmed by metastasis of GCT is found in almost 2.5 % of the cases.
CONCLUSION
GCT is a usually benign tumor, affecting any anatomic location. Necrosis and mitotic activity seem to be the most effective histologic criteria for detecting aggressive tumors, but the presence of metastasis (2.5 % of the cases) remains the most accepted definitive criterion for diagnosis of malignant GCT.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Granular Cell Tumor; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 32089415
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152865 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Dec 2023Cytokine dynamics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been studied in blood but seldomly in respiratory specimens. We studied different cell...
Correlations of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), C-C motif chemokine 22 (CCL22), Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in the nasopharyngeal specimens with the diagnosis and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Cytokine dynamics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been studied in blood but seldomly in respiratory specimens. We studied different cell markers and cytokines in fresh nasopharyngeal swab specimens for the diagnosis and for stratifying the severity of COVID-19. This was a retrospective case-control study comparing Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22), Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in 490 (327 patients and 163 control) nasopharyngeal specimens from 317 (154 COVID-19 and 163 control) hospitalized patients. Of the 154 COVID-19 cases, 46 died. Both total and normalized MPO, ADA, CCL22, TNFα, and IL-6 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in the nasopharyngeal specimens of infected patients when compared with controls, with ADA showing better performance (OR 5.703, 95% CI 3.424-9.500, < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that the cut-off value of normalized ADA mRNA level at 2.37 × 10 had a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 83.4%. While patients with severe COVID-19 had more respiratory symptoms, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, multivariate analysis showed that severe COVID-19 patients had lower CCL22 mRNA (OR 0.211, 95% CI 0.060-0.746, = 0.016) in nasopharyngeal specimens, while lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, and viral load in nasopharyngeal specimens did not correlate with disease severity. In summary, ADA appears to be a better biomarker to differentiate between infected and uninfected patients, while CCL22 has the potential in stratifying the severity of COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Interleukin-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Retrospective Studies; Adenosine Deaminase; Case-Control Studies; Peroxidase; Ligands; SARS-CoV-2; Cytokines; Chemokines; Nasopharynx; Chemokine CCL22
PubMed: 36482706
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2157338 -
Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic... 2020The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap is a well vascularized axial flap which has been described for mucosal reconstructions throughout the oral cavity. There...
The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap is a well vascularized axial flap which has been described for mucosal reconstructions throughout the oral cavity. There are limited data regarding its efficacy in secondary repair of nasopharyngeal stenosis and velopharyngeal insufficiency due previous surgery and scar tissue formation. This study seeks to demonstrate the efficacy of FAMM flap procedure in patients with nasopharyngeal stenosis and velopharyngeal insufficiency. A retrospective case series included patients treated for nasopharyngeal stenosis or velopharyngeal insufficiency with a FAMM flap at an academic medical center from January 1, 2012 to November 1, 2017. Patients included in the study were those who underwent a FAMM flap procedure by the senior author during the specified time period. Functional outcomes included nasopharyngeal airway patency, nasal regurgitation, and speech quality. Any postoperative complications were recorded, including flap necrosis, infection, flap failure, dehiscence, trismus and need for revision surgery. A total of 6 FAMM flap procedures were performed by the senior author over the study period for the indications of this case series. Three patients had nasopharyngeal stenosis and three had velopharyngeal insufficiency. All had successful, sustained nasopharyngeal airway patency or restored velopharyngeal function. The only postoperative complication noted was trismus at the cheek donor site. There were no patients who suffered flap failure or need for revision surgery of the FAMM flap. The FAMM flap is useful for secondary reconstruction of nasopharyngeal stenosis and velopharyngeal insufficiency due to previous surgery and scarring. This study demonstrates the efficacy and reliability of FAMM flaps for repair of complete/near complete nasopharyngeal stenosis and cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency due to scarring of the pharynx.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Facial Muscles; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency; Voice Quality
PubMed: 32397756
DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2019.0001 -
Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola 2020to review the modifications and advances in reconstructive surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity exclusively based on flaps that depend on the facial artery... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
to review the modifications and advances in reconstructive surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity exclusively based on flaps that depend on the facial artery system.
METHODS
review of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstructions based on main facial artery system flaps.
DISCUSSION
The reconstruction of the soft tissues of the oral cavity, based on facial artery system flaps, offers satisfactory results and allows limited reconstructions avoiding the use of pedicled regional flaps or free flaps.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of reconstructive options using the facial artery system in oral cavity surgery allows expanding reconstructive options for head and neck surgeons, enabling safe, high quality and effective reconstructions, with limited resources consumption.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Artery; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Necrosis; Oral Fistula; Palate; Prospective Studies; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Respiratory Tract Fistula; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32143840
DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2019.10.002 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Tonsil hyperplasia is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the growing knowledge in tissue immunology of tonsils, the...
Tonsil hyperplasia is the most common cause of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite the growing knowledge in tissue immunology of tonsils, the immunopathology driving tonsil hyperplasia and OSA remains unknown. Here we used multi-parametric flow cytometry to analyze the composition and phenotype of tonsillar innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), T cells, and B cells from pediatric patients with OSA, who had previous polysomnography. Unbiased clustering analysis was used to delineate and compare lymphocyte heterogeneity between two patient groups: children with small tonsils and moderate OSA (n = 6) or large tonsils and very severe OSA (n = 13). We detected disturbed ILC and B cell proportions in patients with large tonsils, characterized by an increase in the frequency of naïve CD27CD21 B cells and a relative reduction of ILCs. The enrichment of naïve B cells was not commensurate with elevated Ki67 expression, suggesting defective differentiation and/or migration rather than cellular proliferation to be the causative mechanism. Finally, yet importantly, we provide the flow cytometry data to be used as a resource for additional translational studies aimed at investigating the immunological mechanisms of pediatric tonsil hyperplasia and OSA.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Male; Memory B Cells; Palatine Tonsil; Receptors, CXCR5; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7
PubMed: 34745084
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674080 -
NeuroRehabilitation 2022Swallowing disorders represent one of the most common complications after cerebral infarction. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Swallowing disorders represent one of the most common complications after cerebral infarction.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing disorders after cerebral infarction.
METHODS
Ninety patients with swallowing disorder after cerebral infarction were enrolled and randomly assigned to three groups: the 10 Hz frequency rTMS group (30 patients), the 5 Hz frequency rTMS group (30 patients), and the 1 Hz frequency rTMS group (30 patients); another 90 healthy persons without swallowing disorders were included as the control group. The Kubota's water-swallow test, the video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), and the Electroencephalograph (EEG) were analyzed before and after treatment; the EEG of the control group was detected as the baseline.
RESULTS
The Kubota's water-swallow test scores were significantly decreased while the scores of pharynx period and the aspiration degree of VFSS significantly increased in 10 Hz frequency rTMS group than before treatment (P≤0.05); the amplitudes of C3 of the EEG significantly increased in three frequency groups than before treatment (P≤0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
10 Hz frequency of rTMS is effective for the treatment of swallowing disorder after cerebral infarction, the excitement of C3 area maybe the therapeutic target of rTMS on swallowing disorder after cerebral infarction.
Topics: Cerebral Infarction; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Pharynx; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 34776422
DOI: 10.3233/NRE-210176