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Environmental Science and Pollution... Sep 2022During the past few decades, the treatment of hazardous waste and toxic phenolic compounds has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical, gas/oil, dying, and chemical...
During the past few decades, the treatment of hazardous waste and toxic phenolic compounds has become a major issue in the pharmaceutical, gas/oil, dying, and chemical industries. Considering polymerization and oxidation of phenolic compounds, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has gained special attention. The present study objective was to synthesize a novel in situ FeOnano-catalyst in a counter-current mixing reactor by supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) method to evaluate the phenol oxidation and COD reduction at different operation conditions like oxidant ratios and concentrations. Synthesized nano-catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM results revealed the maximum average particle size of 26.18 and 16.20 nm for preheated and non-preheated oxidant configuration, respectively. XRD showed the clear peaks of hematite at a 2θ value of 24, 33, 35.5, 49.5, 54, 62, and 64 for both catalysts treated preheated and non-preheated oxidant configurations. The maximum COD reduction and phenol oxidation of about 93.5% and 99.9% were observed at an oxidant ratio of 1.5, 0.75 s, 25 MPa, and 380 °C with a non-preheated HO oxidant, while in situ formed FeOnano-catalyst showed the maximum phenol oxidation of 99.9% at 0.75 s, 1.5 oxidant ratio, 25 MPa, and 380 °C. Similarly, in situ formed FeO catalyst presented the highest COD reduction of 97.8% at 40 mM phenol concentration, 1.0 oxidant ratio, 0.75 s residence time, 380 °C, and 25 MPa. It is concluded and recommended that SCWO is a feasible and cost-effective alternative method for the destruction of contaminants in water which showed the complete conversion of phenol within less than 1 s and 1.5 oxidant ratio.
Topics: Catalysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenol; Phenols; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification
PubMed: 34559388
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16390-0 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2023Heating of either 3,5-heptadien-2-one or 2,6-heptanedione in the presence of ammonia produced 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and also 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one for the second...
Heating of either 3,5-heptadien-2-one or 2,6-heptanedione in the presence of ammonia produced 2,6-dimethylpyridine, and also 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one for the second ketone. When phenolics were present, inhibition of pyridine formation was only observed in mixtures of 3,5-heptadien-2-one and resorcinol. This inhibition was due to the formation of ketone-resorcinol adducts, which were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) as 2,4-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-2,6-methanobenzo[d][1,3]dioxocin-9-ol and 1-(7-hydroxy-4-methylchroman-2-yl)propan-2-one. The other assayed phenolics increased pyridine formation. This increase was mainly observed in the presence of oxygen, at slightly basic pH values, depended on time, temperature, and the phenolic concentration, and had an activation energy of 56.8 kJ/mol for the formation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine from 2,6-heptanedione in the presence of orcinol. This increase was a consequence of the promotion by phenolics of a required aromatization step in the pyridine formation pathway. This phenolic function needs to be considered when phenolics are added to food products.
Topics: Phenol; Ketones; Phenols; Resorcinols; Pyridines
PubMed: 36252373
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134554 -
Nutrients Apr 2023Dietary (poly)phenol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the role of the gut...
BACKGROUND
Dietary (poly)phenol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in epidemiological studies, but little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in this relationship.
METHODS
In 200 healthy females, aged 62.0 ± 10.0 years, from the TwinsUK cohort, 114 individual (poly)phenol metabolites were measured from spot urine using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The associations between metabolites, the gut microbiome (alpha diversity and genera), and cardiovascular scores were investigated using linear mixed models adjusting age, BMI, fibre, energy intake, family relatedness, and multiple testing (FDR < 0.1).
RESULTS
Significant associations were found between phenolic acid metabolites, CVD risk, and the gut microbiome. A total of 35 phenolic acid metabolites were associated with the Firmicutes phylum, while 5 metabolites were associated with alpha diversity (FDR-adjusted < 0.05). Negative associations were observed between the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score and five phenolic acid metabolites, two tyrosol metabolites, and daidzein with stdBeta (95% (CI)) ranging from -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01) for 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid to -0.04 (-0.08, -0.003) for 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (FDR-adjusted < 0.1). The genus 5-7N15 in the Bacteroidetes phylum was positively associated with the same metabolites, including 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid), 3-hydroxyphenylethanol-4-sulfate, and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol-3-sulfate)(stdBeta (95% CI): 0.23 (0.09, 0.36) to 0.28 (0.15, 0.42), FDR-adjusted < 0.05), and negatively associated with the ASCVD score (stdBeta (95% CI): -0.05 (-0.09, -0.01), FDR-adjusted = 0.02). Mediation analysis showed that genus 5-7N15 mediated 23.8% of the total effect of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid on the ASCVD score.
CONCLUSIONS
Coffee, tea, red wine, and several vegetables and fruits, especially berries, are the most abundant food sources of phenolic acids that have the strongest associations with CVD risk. We found that the gut microbiome, particularly the genus 5-7N15, partially mediates the negative association between urinary (poly)phenols and cardiovascular risk, supporting a key role of the gut microbiome in the health benefits of dietary (poly)phenols.
Topics: Humans; Female; Phenol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Propionates; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Phenols; Metabolome; Cardiovascular Diseases
PubMed: 37111123
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081900 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Jan 2022The presence of phenol in wastewater poses a risk to ecosystems and human health. The traditional processes to remove phenol from wastewater, although effective, have... (Review)
Review
The presence of phenol in wastewater poses a risk to ecosystems and human health. The traditional processes to remove phenol from wastewater, although effective, have several drawbacks. The best alternative is the application of ecological biotechnology tools since they involve biological systems (enzymes and microorganisms) with moderate economic and environmental impact. However, these systems have a high sensitivity to environmental factors and high substrate concentrations that reduce their effectiveness in phenol removal. This can be overcome by immobilization-based technology to increase the performance of enzymes and bacteria. A key component to ensure successful immobilization is the material (polymeric matrices) used as support for the biological system. In addition, by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into conventional immobilized systems, a low-cost process is achieved but, most importantly, the magnetically immobilized system can be recovered, recycled, and reused. In this review, we study the existing alternatives for treating wastewater with phenol, from physical and chemical to biological techniques. The latter focus on the immobilization of enzymes and microorganisms. The characteristics of the support materials that ensure the viability of the immobilization are compared. In addition, the challenges and opportunities that arise from incorporating magnetic nanoparticles in immobilized systems are addressed.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Enzymes, Immobilized; Humans; Magnetics; Nanoparticles; Phenol; Polymers; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 35043353
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03229-0 -
F1000Research 2021contains several bioactive molecules such as phenol, flavonoid and phycocyanin pigments. This study unveils total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity,...
contains several bioactive molecules such as phenol, flavonoid and phycocyanin pigments. This study unveils total phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, phycocyanin content and evaluated encapsulation efficiency from intervention on . intervention aims to reduce unpleasant odors from that will increase consumption and increase bioactive compounds. The intervention was carried out by soaking a control sample (SP) in with a ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and it was then dried (DSB) and microencapsulated by freeze drying methods (MSB) using a combination of maltodextrin and gelatin. Total flavonoid and phenolic analysis with curve fitting analysis used a linear regression approach. Antioxidant activity of samples was analysed with the 2,2'-azino-bis-3-3thylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) method. Data were analysed using ANOVA at significance level (p < 0.05) followed by Tukey test models using SPSS v.22. The result of this study indicated that intervention treatment (DSB) has the potential to increase bioactive compounds such as total phenol, antioxidant activity and phycocyanin, and flavonoid content. Intervention of on (DSB) significantly increases total phenol by 49.5% and phycocyanin by 40.7%. This is due to the phenol and azulene compounds in which have a synergistic effect on phenol and phycocyanin in . Microencapsulation using a maltodexrin and gelatin coating is effective in phycocyanin protection and antioxidant activity with an encapsulation efficiency value of 71.58% and 80.5%. The intervention of on improved the total phenol and phycocyanin content and there is potential for a pharmaceutical product for a functional food and pharmaceutical product.
Topics: Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Gelatin; Ocimum basilicum; Phenol; Phenols; Phycocyanin; Powders; Spirulina
PubMed: 35083034
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52394.3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022While microRNAs are considered as excellent biomarkers of various diseases, there are still several remaining challenges regarding their isolation. In this study, we...
While microRNAs are considered as excellent biomarkers of various diseases, there are still several remaining challenges regarding their isolation. In this study, we aimed to design a novel RNA isolation method that would help to overcome those challenges. Therefore, we present a novel phenol/chloroform-free, low-cost method for miRNA extraction. Within this method, RNA is extracted from cell lysate with an isopropanol/water/NaCl system, followed by solid-phase extraction using TiO microspheres to effectively separate short RNAs from long RNA molecules. We also demonstrated the pH-dependent selectivity of TiO microspheres towards different sizes of RNA. We were able to regulate the size range of extracted RNAs with simple adjustments in binding conditions used during the solid-phase extraction.
Topics: Chloroform; MicroRNAs; Phenol; Phenols; Titanium
PubMed: 36012112
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168848 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can...
The negative effects of smoke exposure of grapes in vineyards that are close to harvest are well documented. Volatile phenols in smoke from forest and grass fires can contaminate berries and, upon uptake, are readily converted into a range of glycosylated grape metabolites. These phenolic glycosides and corresponding volatile phenols are extracted into the must and carried through the winemaking process, leading to wines with overtly smoky aromas and flavours. As a result, smoke exposure of grapes can cause significant quality defects in wine, and may render grapes and wine unfit for sale, with substantial negative economic impacts. Until now, however, very little has been known about the impact on grape composition of smoke exposure very early in the season, when grapes are small, hard and green, as occurred with many fires in the 2019-20 Australian grapegrowing season. This research summarises the compositional consequences of cumulative bushfire smoke exposure of grapes and leaves, it establishes detailed profiles of volatile phenols and phenolic glycosides in samples from six commercial Chardonnay and Shiraz blocks throughout berry ripening and examines the observed effects in the context of vineyard location and timing of smoke exposure. In addition, we demonstrate the potential of some phenolic glycosides in leaves to serve as additional biomarkers for smoke exposure of vineyards.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Farms; Food Contamination; Food Industry; Fruit; Glycosides; Glycosylation; New South Wales; Particulate Matter; Phenol; Phenols; Plant Leaves; Principal Component Analysis; Smoke; Vitis; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wildfires; Wine
PubMed: 34073537
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113187 -
Chemosphere Mar 2023Urinary biomonitoring delivers the most accurate environmental phenols exposure assessment. However, environmental phenol exposure-related biomarkers are required to...
Urinary biomonitoring delivers the most accurate environmental phenols exposure assessment. However, environmental phenol exposure-related biomarkers are required to improve risk assessment to understand the internal processes perturbed, which may link exposure to specific health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between environmental phenols exposure and the metabolome of young adult females from India. Urinary metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Environmental phenols-related metabolic biomarkers were investigated by comparing the low and high exposure of environmental phenols. Seven potential biomarkers, namely histidine, cysteine-s-sulfate, 12-KETE, malonic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, PE (36:2), and PS (36:0), were identified, revealing that environmental phenol exposure altered the metabolic pathways such as histidine metabolism, beta-Alanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and other pathways. This study also conceived an innovative strategy for the early prediction of diseases by combining urinary metabolomics with machine learning (ML) algorithms. The differential metabolites predictive accuracy by ML models was >80%. This is the first mass spectrometry-based metabolomics study on young adult females from India with environmental phenols exposure. The study is valuable in demonstrating multiple urine metabolic changes linked to environmental phenol exposure and a better understanding of the mechanisms behind environmental phenol-induced effects in young female adults.
Topics: Young Adult; Female; Humans; Phenol; Histidine; Environmental Exposure; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Phenols; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36640981
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137830 -
Archives of Microbiology Apr 2023In this study, three cold-tolerant phenol-degrading strains, Pseudomonas veronii Ju-A1 (Ju-A1), Leifsonia naganoensis Ju-A4 (Ju-A4), and Rhodococcus qingshengii Ju-A6...
In this study, three cold-tolerant phenol-degrading strains, Pseudomonas veronii Ju-A1 (Ju-A1), Leifsonia naganoensis Ju-A4 (Ju-A4), and Rhodococcus qingshengii Ju-A6 (Ju-A6), were isolated. All three strains can produce cis, cis-muconic acid by ortho-cleavage of catechol at 12 ℃. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the proportional composition of low-temperature phenol-degrading microbiota. Degradation of phenol below 160 mg L by low-temperature phenol-degrading microbiota followed first-order degradation kinetics. When the phenol concentration was greater than 200 mg L, the overall degradation trend was in accordance with the modified Gompertz model. The experiments showed that the microbial agent (three strains of low-temperature phenol-degrading bacteria were fermented separately and constructed in the optimal ratio) could completely degrade 200 mg L phenol within 36 h. The above construction method is more advantageous in bio-enhanced treatment of actual wastewater. Through the construction of microbial agents to enhance the degradation effect of phenol, it provides a feasible scheme for the biodegradation of phenol wastewater at low temperature and shows good application potential.
Topics: Phenol; Wastewater; Temperature; Phenols; Cold Temperature; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 37060452
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03532-w -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition) Dec 2023By considering the importance and role of soil in the health of humanity, it is important to remove the presence of harmful compounds, such as phenol.
BACKGROUND
By considering the importance and role of soil in the health of humanity, it is important to remove the presence of harmful compounds, such as phenol.
METHODS
In this study, four types of soil and leaf samples were collected from Kerman, Iran, and the amounts of heterotrophic and degradation bacteria were determined using the serial dilution and most probable number (MPN) methods. The amount of removed phenol was investigated using the Gibbs method with different concentrations of phenol. Then, an isolate with the highest percentage of phenol degradation was identified as the superior strain using 16 sRNA sequencing. The effects of the different factors, such as the carbon source (1% molasses and 1 g glucose), nitrogen source (0.1 g yeast extract), mixed culture, and time (14 and 28 days), on the biodegradation ability of the superior strain was investigated.
RESULTS
A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from the samples. Isolate B3 had the highest rate (75%) of phenol degradation, at a concentration of 1000 ppm, meaning it was identified as the superior strain. The molecular analysis results identified this isolate as the strain F4. This bacterium can degrade 89% of the phenol at 30 °C, 180 rpm, and 800 ppm over 28 days. did not show a favorable phenol degradation ability in the presence of the investigated carbon sources, while this ability was also reduced in mixed cultures.
CONCLUSIONS
bacterial strain isolated from soil samples of pistachio orchards in Kerman, Iran, has a favorable ability to biodegrade phenol.
Topics: Phenol; Iran; Phenols; Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon
PubMed: 38163941
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbe1504029