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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020is a widely used edible, traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other compounds. It contains a large number of... (Review)
Review
is a widely used edible, traditional Chinese medicinal herb. It is rich in saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other compounds. It contains a large number of fatty acids such as linoleic acid (up to 63.24%), a variety of amino acids, vitamins, and multiple essential trace elements. has several biological applications, such as in hypotension, lipid reduction, atherosclerosis, inflammation, relieving cough and phlegm, promoting cholic acid secretion, and as an antioxidant. Further, is often used in the development of cold mixed vegetables, canned vegetables, preserved fruit, salted vegetables, and cosmetics in northeast China, South Korea, Japan, and Korea. In this paper, the active chemical components and the health benefits of have been reviewed, providing new ideas for the further development of nutraceutical products to prevent and manage chronic diseases.
PubMed: 32023858
DOI: 10.3390/foods9020142 -
Oncology Reports Apr 2023Gastric cancer (GC) develops in a complex tissue environment, the tumor microenvironment (TME), which it relies on for persistent proliferation, migration, invasion and... (Review)
Review
Gastric cancer (GC) develops in a complex tissue environment, the tumor microenvironment (TME), which it relies on for persistent proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. Non‑malignant stromal cell types within the TME are regarded as a clinical meaningful target with the lower risk of resistance and tumor relapse. Studies have revealed that the Xiaotan Sanjie decoction, which is formulated on the basis of the theory of phlegm syndrome, a Traditional Chinese Medicine concept, modulates released factors such as transforming growth factor‑β from tumor cells, immune cells, cancer‑associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor involved in the process of angiogenesis within the TME. Clinical studies have also shown that the Xiaotan Sanjie decoction is associated with favorable survival and quality of life. The present review aimed to interpret the hypothesis that Xiaotan Sanjie decoction has the ability to normalize the GC tumor cells by influencing functions of stromal cells within the TME. The possible association between phlegm syndrome and the TME in GC was discussed in the present review. Overall, Xiaotan Sanjie decoction may be suitable to be added to tumor cell‑directed agents or emerging immunotherapies becoming a desirable modality in the management of GC and acquire improved outcomes for patients with GC.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Tumor Microenvironment; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 36866751
DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8511 -
Die Pharmazie Mar 2020Rhizoma is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its traditional functions include treating hypofunction of the spleen with the loss of appetite, abdominal... (Review)
Review
Rhizoma is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Its traditional functions include treating hypofunction of the spleen with the loss of appetite, abdominal distension diarrhea, phlegm drink dizziness palpitation, edema, fetal movement restless. A literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI and Google Scholar. Chemical composition analysis of RAM showed that the main compositions were volatile oil, lactones, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins and resins. Pharmacological studies indicated that RAM possessed antitumor activities, neuroprotective effect, anti-hepatotoxicity, immune and anti-inflammatory activity, etc. This review gives a detailed description of the chemical constituents, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of RAM and provides reliable basis for clinical development and application.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atractylodes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Lactones; Photochemical Processes; Rhizome
PubMed: 32213234
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2020.9738 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... Oct 2021Bile of animal(mainly chicken, pig, snake, cow, and bear) has long been used as medicine. As the major active components of bile, bile acids mainly include cholic acid,... (Review)
Review
Bile of animal(mainly chicken, pig, snake, cow, and bear) has long been used as medicine. As the major active components of bile, bile acids mainly include cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. They interact with intestinal microorganisms in enterohepatic circulation, thereby playing an important part in nutrient absorption and allocation, metabolism regulation, and dynamic balance. Bile acids have pharmacological effects such as protecting liver, kidney, heart, brain, and nerves, promoting bile secretion, dissolving gallstones, anti-cancer, relieving cough and dyspnea, dispelling phlegm, treating eye diseases, and regulating intestinal function and blood glucose, which are widely used in clinical practice. This study summarized and analyzed the research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of bile acids from medicinal animals, in a bid to provide scientific basis and reference for the further development and utilization of bile acids.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cattle; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acids; Deoxycholic Acid; Female; Swine; Ursodeoxycholic Acid
PubMed: 34738383
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210630.201 -
Medicine Nov 2022Traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis plays an irreplaceable role in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the tongue characteristics of patients with...
Traditional Chinese tongue diagnosis plays an irreplaceable role in disease diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the tongue characteristics of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). Forty GLM patients and 40 non-GLM controls were evaluated using the Traditional Chinese Medicine subjective clinical interpretation and a TDA-1 Tongue Diagnostic and Analysis system. The associations between the image features of the tongue body and coating and the profiling of immune-inflammatory parameters were analyzed. GLM patients were prone to a reddish tongue bodies with thick, white, and greasy coatings. Thick and greasy tongue coating features are risk factors for GLM. GLM patients had higher levels of white blood cells (WBC), platelets, C-reactive protein, interleukin-2, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) than non-GLM controls (P < .05). Also, tongue coating contrast and entropy values were significantly correlated with WBC or TGF-β levels in GLM patients (r < -0.310 and P < .05). We demonstrated that the hot evil and phlegm-dampness constitutions are the main characteristics of GLM. This might provide a reference for GLM diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Tongue; Granulomatous Mastitis; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 36401439
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031327 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2022In essentially every quadrant of the globe, many species of genus Asarum are used as a common herbal medicine and appear in many formulas or Kampo. Crude drug from... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
In essentially every quadrant of the globe, many species of genus Asarum are used as a common herbal medicine and appear in many formulas or Kampo. Crude drug from several medicinal plants of genus Asarum (MA) known as Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) has been proven to have the functions of dispelling cold, relieving pain, and reducing phlegm according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory for thousands of years.
AIM OF THE STUDY
This article reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and metabolic kinetics related research of genus Asarum to evaluate its ethnopharmacology use and future opportunities for research.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Information on relevant studies of the genus Asarum was gathered via the Internet using Baidu Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Pudmed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD, MS's dissertations and Pharmacopeias.
RESULTS
The genus Asarum has played an important role in herbal treatment. At present, more than 277 compounds have been isolated or identified from genus Asarum. Among them, volatile oil and lignans are the major active constituents and important chemotaxonomic markers. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that genus Asarum and its active compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, antitussive, immunosuppressive, anti-tumor, and microbicidal activities.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this review, therapeutic potential of genus Asarum has been demonstrated with the pharmacological effects on inflammation, CNS, respiratory regulation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and microbial infection. The available literature showed that the major activities of the genus Asarum can be attributed to the active lignans and essential oils. Further in-depth studies on the aspects of the genus for mechanism of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, drug interactions, and clinical trials are still limited, thereby intensive research and assessments should be performed.
Topics: Asarum; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 34537281
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114642 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Human exposure to indoor pollution is one of the most well-established ways that housing affects health. We conducted a review to document evidence on the morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Human exposure to indoor pollution is one of the most well-established ways that housing affects health. We conducted a review to document evidence on the morbidity and mortality outcomes associated with indoor household exposures in children and adults in South Africa. The authors conducted a scientific review of the publicly available literature up to April 2022 using different search engines (PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify the literature that assessed the link between indoor household exposures and morbidity and mortality outcomes in children and adults. A total of 16 studies with 16,920 participants were included. Bioaerosols, allergens, dampness, tobacco smoking, household cooking and heating fuels, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants and indoor spray residue play a significant role in different morbidity outcomes. These health outcomes include dental caries, asthma, tuberculosis, severe airway inflammation, airway blockage, wheeze, rhinitis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, phlegm on the chest, current rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, poor early life immune function, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and increased incidence of nasopharyngeal bacteria, which may predispose people to lower respiratory tract infections. The findings of this research highlight the need for more initiatives, programs, strategies, and policies to better reduce the negative consequences of indoor household exposures.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child; Cooking; Dental Caries; Humans; Morbidity; South Africa
PubMed: 35954827
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159471 -
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine... Aug 2022To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm (CHEP) formula and tonifying Qi and...
Efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm and tonifying and activating blood circulation in treating acute ischemic stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety outcomes following a sequential treatment with clearing heat and eliminating phlegm (CHEP) formula and tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation (TQABC) formula in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within a 72 h time window.
METHODS
In this randomized, multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 500 participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1∶1 to the CHEP+ TQABC group or control group. In addition to guideline-based standard medical care, participants in the treatment group will receive the CHEP formula for the first 5 consecutive days followed by the TQABC formula for another 10 consecutive days, while those in the control group will receive CHEP formula placebo and TQABC formula placebo consecutively. The primary outcome measure will be the comparison of the change in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score from baseline to 15 days after randomization. The secondary outcome measures will include the scores on the modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, Patient-Reported Outcomes, TCM symptom pattern (Zheng-hou) evaluation Scale, and the incidence of in-hospital complications. Safety assessment will include the physical examination, laboratory detection, any adverse events or serious adverse events, and the proportion of any complications during hospitalization.
DISCUSSION
The results of this study will provide objective and scientific data with which to assess the efficacy and safety of a sequential treatment based on "integrating disease and symptom pattern" for patients with AIS.
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Hospitalization; Hot Temperature; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Qi; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stroke; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35848977
DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220617.003 -
Medicine Sep 2022Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUNDS
Epilepsy is a chronic encephalopathy caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, resulting in brain dysfunction. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications of epilepsy. The current treatment of epilepsy in the control of symptoms at the same time cause a lot of side effects, especially the aggravation of cognitive impairment. Many literatures have stated that the efficacy and safety of integrated Traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment is superior to that of western medicine alone. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we intend to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of removing stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment.
METHODS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review. The Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, CQVIP Database (CQVIP), Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Pubmed were searched by computer, and randomized controlled studies on the efficacy of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm in the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive disorders were included. Retrieval was carried out until January 2022, and relevant data were extracted for meta-analysis using Rev Man5.3 software.
RESULTS
Fourteen randomized controlled studies with a total of 1198 patients were included, including 601 patients in the control group and 597 patients in the treatment group (experimental group).
RESULTS
Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment in the western anti-epileptic drugs group alone, the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment combined with the method of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm could significantly improve the clinical efficacy of epilepsy (OR = 3.41, 95% CI 2.39-4.88, P < .001). Improved the TCM symptom score (OR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.72-9.26, P < .001). Increased the EEG improvement rate (RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.84, P = .02). Improved MOCA score and cognitive function (MD = 3.54, 95% CI 1.68-5.40, P < .001). Improved QOLIE-31 cognitive function score. Improved cognitive function (MD = 7.22, 95% CI 3.35-11.08, P < .001). Improved the incidence of adverse reactions (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.76, P = .001).
CONCLUSION
Compared with the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment by western anti-epileptic drugs alone, the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment combined with the method of removing blood stasis and resolving phlegm is superior to the treatment of epilepsy with cognitive impairment by western anti-epileptic drugs alone.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction; Epilepsy; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36123849
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030212 -
Archives of Environmental &... 2022The study aim was to determine whether styrene exposure was associated with respiratory outcomes in a dose-response manner in the fibreglass reinforcement industry....
The study aim was to determine whether styrene exposure was associated with respiratory outcomes in a dose-response manner in the fibreglass reinforcement industry. Workers (=254) from a fibreglass reinforcement factory were subjected to a standardised interview, spirometry and styrene monitoring. Cumulative exposure was calculated across different jobs and levels of exposure. Logistic regression modelling estimated risk for symptoms, respiratory diseases and lung function change across exposure tertiles. The geometric means of styrene in the General Laminating and Fitting Departments were 48.2 mg/m (95% CI 36.3-64.1 mg/m) and 20.7 mg/m (95% CI: 15.6-27.5 mg/m), respectively. The cumulative exposure odds ratios for chronic cough, phlegm, wheezing and breathlessness for high exposure was 3.1 (95% CI 1.1-8.6), 5.3 (95% CI 1.7-16.6), 3.3 (95% CI 1.2-9.1) and 5.5 (95% CI 1.15-26.4), respectively. The cumulative exposure associated reduction in FEV/FVC ratio, percent predicted FEV and FVC was 0.01, 0.04% and 0.05%, respectively. Styrene exposure increases the risk of respiratory symptoms and is associated with reduced lung function.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Plastics; Respiratory Function Tests; Styrene
PubMed: 34545769
DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1972279