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Health Psychology Research 2022Migraine headache is a widespread and complex neurobiological disorder that is characterized by unilateral headaches that are often accompanied by photophobia and... (Review)
Review
Migraine headache is a widespread and complex neurobiological disorder that is characterized by unilateral headaches that are often accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. Migraine is one of the leading chief complaints in the emergency department with negative impacts on quality of life and activities of daily living. The high number of emergency presentations also results in a significant economic burden. Its risk factors include family history, genetics, sex, race, socioeconomics, the existence of comorbid conditions, and level of education. Triggers include stress, light, noise, menstruation, weather, changes in sleep pattern, hunger, dehydration, dietary factors, odors, and alcohol. The International Headache Society has defined criteria for the diagnosis of migraine with and without aura. The pathophysiology of migraine headaches is multifactorial so there are a variety of treatment approaches. The current treatment approach includes abortive medications and prophylactic medications. Abortive medications include the first-line treatment of triptans, followed by ergot alkaloids, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists along with supplemental caffeine and antiemetics. Trigeminal afferents from the trigeminal ganglion innervate most cranial tissues and many areas of the head and face. These trigeminal afferents express certain biomarkers such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, neurokinin A, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide that are important to the pain and sensory aspect of migraines. In this comprehensive review, we discuss Zavegepant, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist, as a new abortive medication for migraine headaches.
PubMed: 35774914
DOI: 10.52965/001c.35506 -
Hearing Research Jun 2022The role of the mammalian auditory olivocochlear efferent system in hearing has long been the subject of debate. Its ability to protect against damaging noise exposure... (Review)
Review
The role of the mammalian auditory olivocochlear efferent system in hearing has long been the subject of debate. Its ability to protect against damaging noise exposure is clear, but whether or not this is the primary function of a system that evolved in the absence of industrial noise remains controversial. Here we review the behavioral consequences of olivocochlear activation and diminished olivocochlear function. Attempts to demonstrate a role for hearing in noise have yielded conflicting results in both animal and human studies. A role in selective attention to sounds in the presence of distractors, or attention to visual stimuli in the presence of competing auditory stimuli, has been established in animal models, but again behavioral studies in humans remain equivocal. Auditory processing deficits occur in models of congenital olivocochlear dysfunction, but these deficits likely reflect abnormal central auditory development rather than direct effects of olivocochlear feedback. Additional proposed roles in age-related hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, and binaural or spatial hearing, are intriguing, but require additional study. These behavioral studies almost exclusively focus on medial olivocochlear effects, and many relied on lesioning techniques that can have unspecific effects. The consequences of lateral olivocochlear and of corticofugal pathway activation for perception remain unknown. As new tools for targeted manipulation of olivocochlear neurons emerge, there is potential for a transformation of our understanding of the role of the olivocochlear system in behavior across species.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cochlea; Efferent Pathways; Hearing; Hyperacusis; Mammals; Noise; Olivary Nucleus
PubMed: 33674070
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108207 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Decreased Sound Tolerance (DST) is a negative reaction to a sound that does not cause any reaction in an individual with normal hearing. DST's subclasses include...
OBJECTIVES
Decreased Sound Tolerance (DST) is a negative reaction to a sound that does not cause any reaction in an individual with normal hearing. DST's subclasses include hyperacusis, phonophobia, and misophonia, which are distinct and have therapy variations. There is no diagnostic method or scale that distinguishes them in the literature. This study's purpose was to develop a screening scale that distinguishes these three DSTs.
METHODS
The study comprised 257 willing participants with normal hearing. Cronbach alpha coefficient, item-total correlation, and item differentiation of the Decreased Sound Tolerance Scale-Screening (DSTS-S) were evaluated. Structural validity of DSTS-S was performed by Varimax rotation with Kaiser normalization using Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to assess its structural compatibility. The scale's total scores from each section were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test in symptom (+) and symptom (-) participants.
RESULTS
The Cronbach alpha value for hyperacusis, phonophobia, and misophonia sections of DSTS-S was calculated as 0.881, 0.775, and 0.938, respectively. The difference between the independent samplet-test and the variables was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference between the median values of the total groups' scores with and without hyperacusis, phonophobia, and misophonia (HTS, PTS, and MTS, respectively) (p < 0.05). Evaluation by ROC analysis showed that hyperacusis was useful in predicting the presence of hyperacusis, phonophobia was useful in predicting the presence of phonophobia, and misophonia was useful in predicting the presence of misophonia (p < 0.001). Hyperacusis and misophonia sections showed high reliability, and phonophobia section showed a moderately reliable level. The Kappa test showed that the compatibility between test-retest for the total scores was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The study's results indicated that DSTS-S is a valid and reliable scale for identifying subtypes/problems/classes of decreased sound tolerance.
Topics: Humans; Hyperacusis; Reproducibility of Results; Sound
PubMed: 35177354
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.11.009 -
Acta Oto-laryngologica Jul 2020Epidemiological studies have shown different association between migraine and Meniere's disease (MD). Few studies investigated the frequency of phonophobia in MD. This...
Epidemiological studies have shown different association between migraine and Meniere's disease (MD). Few studies investigated the frequency of phonophobia in MD. This study aimed to determine the frequency of phonophobia and other features of migraine in definite MD. Patients with definite MD and a group of healthy (non-MD, non-vertiginous) control subjects participated. Demographic data and other clinical features of the two diseases recorded. Data analyzed in SPSS software version 20, by qi square and independent T test and logistic regression model. 69 MD patients (average age: 48.87 ± 12.15 years) and 60 control subjects (average age: 47.58 ± 12.05 years) enrolled. The frequency of migraine headache in MD cases was 16% (45% with aura) compared with 5% in control group (three cases; 2 without and 1 with aura) ( < .001). Family history of migraine was the only determinant of the presence of migraine in MD ( = .001, OR = 15.625, 95%CI: 2.94-88.33). The frequency of phonophobia in MD was very high (88.4%: 54.5% in migraine subgroup and 89.6% in non-migraine cases) and without significant relation to existence of migraine, in contrast to photophobia and osmophobia ( = .064). The frequency of migraine in MD is higher than normal subjects. Phonophobia may be an independent symptom in MD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperacusis; Iran; Logistic Models; Male; Meniere Disease; Middle Aged; Migraine Disorders
PubMed: 32281461
DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2020.1749299 -
Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy Aug 2021Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word "hemi-crania" and is a type of... (Review)
Review
Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word "hemi-crania" and is a type of primary headache. This disease is mentioned in the ancient scriptures dating back to the Mesopotamian era. It has been documented by Hippocrates (460-377 BC) in his treatise, further explored and explained on the basis of cause and location by Galen (131-201 AD). Later its etiopathogenesis clinical features and management was described by - (850-923 AD), an eminent Unani physician. Migraine is a disease majorly affecting one side of the head and characterized by recurrent attacks of pulsating headache, mostly associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, with or without an aura. It is triggered by noise and light, based on the brightness, intensity, wavelengths or type of light that is being emitted. According to Unani physicians, the word is derived from Arabic word meaning 'a part' or 'a side', hence the name . They describe it as a type of headache ( in which pain occurs only in one side of head, and the causative factors for it are the morbid matters and morbid vapours arising from morbid humours which are either excessive in amount, too hot or too cold. It often results due to abnormal substantial temperament giving two variants acute ( and chronic (. The treatment mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the body, and strengthening the brain using brain tonics ().
Topics: Epilepsy; Headache; Humans; Medicine, Unani; Migraine Disorders; Nausea
PubMed: 35385897
DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0146 -
Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy Aug 2021Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word "hemi-crania" and is a type of... (Review)
Review
Out of many disease conditions suffered by mankind since ancient ages, Migraine holds a significant position. It is derived from the word "hemi-crania" and is a type of primary headache. This disease is mentioned in the ancient scriptures dating back to the Mesopotamian era. It has been documented by Hippocrates (460-377 BC) in his treatise, further explored and explained on the basis of cause and location by Galen (131-201 AD). Later its etiopathogenesis clinical features and management was described by - (850-923 AD), an eminent Unani physician. Migraine is a disease majorly affecting one side of the head and characterized by recurrent attacks of pulsating headache, mostly associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, with or without an aura. It is triggered by noise and light, based on the brightness, intensity, wavelengths or type of light that is being emitted. According to Unani physicians, the word is derived from Arabic word meaning 'a part' or 'a side', hence the name . They describe it as a type of headache ( in which pain occurs only in one side of head, and the causative factors for it are the morbid matters and morbid vapours arising from morbid humours which are either excessive in amount, too hot or too cold. It often results due to abnormal substantial temperament giving two variants acute ( and chronic (. The treatment mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the body, and strengthening the brain using brain tonics ().
PubMed: 34391218
DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0146 -
Frontiers in Neuroscience 2022Misophonia can be characterized both as a condition and as a negative affective experience. Misophonia is described as feeling irritation or disgust in response to... (Review)
Review
Misophonia can be characterized both as a condition and as a negative affective experience. Misophonia is described as feeling irritation or disgust in response to hearing certain sounds, such as eating, drinking, gulping, and breathing. Although the earliest misophonic experiences are often described as occurring during childhood, relatively little is known about the developmental pathways that lead to individual variation in these experiences. This literature review discusses evidence of misophonic reactions during childhood and explores the possibility that early heightened sensitivities to both positive and negative sounds, such as to music, might indicate a vulnerability for misophonia and misophonic reactions. We will review when misophonia may develop, how it is distinguished from other auditory conditions (e.g., hyperacusis, phonophobia, or tinnitus), and how it relates to developmental disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder or Williams syndrome). Finally, we explore the possibility that children with heightened musicality could be more likely to experience misophonic reactions and develop misophonia.
PubMed: 36213735
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.924806 -
Pediatric Health, Medicine and... 2022Migraine is a neurological disorder that affects millions of children and adolescents worldwide. Chronic migraine is a subtype of migraine in which patients experience... (Review)
Review
Migraine is a neurological disorder that affects millions of children and adolescents worldwide. Chronic migraine is a subtype of migraine in which patients experience headaches for more days than not each month, with accompanying symptoms of phonophobia, photophobia, nausea or vomiting for most of these headaches. The burden and impact of chronic migraine in the daily lives of children and adolescents is substantial, requiring a holistic, multidisciplinary, and biopsychosocial approach to conceptualization and treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive "2022" overview of acute and preventive treatments for the management of chronic migraine in youth. We first describe diagnostic criteria for chronic migraine and highlight the state of evidence for acute and preventive treatment in children and adolescents. We then discuss emerging treatments currently receiving rigorous clinical research effort, special considerations for the treatment of chronic migraine in children and adolescents, and avenues for improving existing treatments and expanding access to evidence-based care.
PubMed: 36110896
DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S334744 -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Oct 2022Cardiac cephalalgia is an unusual condition that occurs during an episode of myocardial ischemia. Information about cardiac cephalalgia is scarce and its characteristics... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cardiac cephalalgia is an unusual condition that occurs during an episode of myocardial ischemia. Information about cardiac cephalalgia is scarce and its characteristics and physiopathology remain unclear. Our aim is to provide a narrative review of clinical characteristics and physiopathology of cardiac cephalalgia and to evaluate the current diagnostic criteria. METHODS: A search through PubMed was undertaken for studies on cardiac cephalalgia published until 20 September 2022. We summarized the literature and provide a comprehensive review of the headache characteristics and possible mechanisms. We also evaluated current International Classification of Headache Disorders third edition diagnostic criteria based on prior reported cases. RESULTS: In total, 88 cases were found. Headache characteristics were variable. Occipital location and throbbing pain were the most frequently reported. Headache was accompanied in most cases by cardiac symptoms. Criterion B was fulfilled by 98% of cases, criterion C1 by 72%, and criteria C2a and C2b by 37 and 93.2%, respectively. Regarding headache features described in diagnostic criterion C3, 'moderate to severe intensity', 'accompanied by nausea', 'not accompanied by photophobia or phonophobia' and 'aggravated by exertion', were reported in 75, 31, 55 and 55% of cases, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Cardiac cephalalgia characteristics are variable and the headache features described in the diagnostic criterion C3 might not be adequate. Given that cardiac cephalalgia can be the manifestation of a life-threatening condition it is important to increase the knowledge about this entity.
Topics: Humans; Headache; Headache Disorders; Myocardial Ischemia; Photophobia; Pain
PubMed: 36266636
DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01508-7 -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie Jul 2023Disorders of the equilibrium have a variety of etiologies and are common reasons for medical consultations. A thorough diagnostic workup is mandatory. A dehiscent...
Disorders of the equilibrium have a variety of etiologies and are common reasons for medical consultations. A thorough diagnostic workup is mandatory. A dehiscent superior semicircular canal may be a rare, but characteristic situation which is responsible for specific symptoms and clinical findings. Typical are sound and/or pressure induced vertigo, autophonia, pulsatile tinnitus, hyperacusis and aural fullness. High resolution CT-scan of the temporal bone reveals a missing bony cover over the superior semicircular canal such causing a third "mobile window". Besides patients' counselling plugging and/or resurfacing via a transmastoid or transtemporal approach may be therapeutic options.
Topics: Humans; Vertigo; Temporal Bone; Syndrome; Tinnitus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Semicircular Canals
PubMed: 37399823
DOI: 10.1055/a-2015-7226